Background: Cerebroprotein hydrolysate (cerebrolysin) is a nootropic and neurotrophic drug used widely in the management of various forms of dementia, stroke and head injury. A number of case series and anecdotal case reports on its efficacy exist. This study is a retrospective chart review of 34 patients with dementia treated at a tertiary general hospital psychiatry department that were given oral cerebroprotein as add on to their existing treatment for dementia. Methodology: 34 patients were administered twice daily oral cerebroprotein 90 mg tablets for 90 consecutive days. The cognitive assessment was done before the first injection and after the last dose using the Adenbrook's Cognitive Examination-Revised (ACER) and the Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE). Results: Changes on cognitive assessment were minimal and no major improvements were seen though isolated areas of improvement were reported by many patients. The scores on the ACER and MMSE remained in the dementia range though improvement in scores were noted. None of the patients experienced any major side effects with the drug. Conclusions: Oral cerebroprotein is a useful agent in the management of dementia and must be tried as an add-on to regular dementia treatment. Larger studies in prospective cohorts with further stringent assessments warrant exploration.
{"title":"A retrospective chart analysis of 34 cases with the use of oral cerebroprotein hydrolysate in dementia in a tertiary general hospital","authors":"S. Karia, A. Desousa, Nilesh Shah","doi":"10.4103/jgmh.jgmh_10_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jgmh.jgmh_10_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cerebroprotein hydrolysate (cerebrolysin) is a nootropic and neurotrophic drug used widely in the management of various forms of dementia, stroke and head injury. A number of case series and anecdotal case reports on its efficacy exist. This study is a retrospective chart review of 34 patients with dementia treated at a tertiary general hospital psychiatry department that were given oral cerebroprotein as add on to their existing treatment for dementia. Methodology: 34 patients were administered twice daily oral cerebroprotein 90 mg tablets for 90 consecutive days. The cognitive assessment was done before the first injection and after the last dose using the Adenbrook's Cognitive Examination-Revised (ACER) and the Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE). Results: Changes on cognitive assessment were minimal and no major improvements were seen though isolated areas of improvement were reported by many patients. The scores on the ACER and MMSE remained in the dementia range though improvement in scores were noted. None of the patients experienced any major side effects with the drug. Conclusions: Oral cerebroprotein is a useful agent in the management of dementia and must be tried as an add-on to regular dementia treatment. Larger studies in prospective cohorts with further stringent assessments warrant exploration.","PeriodicalId":16009,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geriatric Mental Health","volume":"8 1","pages":"30 - 33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46406498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Substance use disorders usually have their onset during the adolescent period. However, in rare cases environmental and psychosocial factors can contribute toward a later onset. We describe a case of an elderly male who initiated his heroin use for the first time at 65 years of age and eventually developed dependence. This late-onset of heroin use was mediated by contextual factors such as loneliness, boredom, and easy access to heroin while craving and withdrawal symptoms served as maintaining factors. He responded well to a combination of opioid antagonist and nonpharmacological approaches focusing on activity scheduling and social support. As the demographic transition and societal changes take place, the elderly population with substance use problems will increase. There is an urgent need to upgrade substance abuse treatment services to meet the specific needs of the elderly using supportive and nonconfrontational approaches with special focus on improving social support access.
{"title":"Elderly male with late-onset heroin dependence","authors":"A. Bhardwaj, S. Arya, S. Rathee, R. Gupta","doi":"10.4103/jgmh.jgmh_12_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jgmh.jgmh_12_21","url":null,"abstract":"Substance use disorders usually have their onset during the adolescent period. However, in rare cases environmental and psychosocial factors can contribute toward a later onset. We describe a case of an elderly male who initiated his heroin use for the first time at 65 years of age and eventually developed dependence. This late-onset of heroin use was mediated by contextual factors such as loneliness, boredom, and easy access to heroin while craving and withdrawal symptoms served as maintaining factors. He responded well to a combination of opioid antagonist and nonpharmacological approaches focusing on activity scheduling and social support. As the demographic transition and societal changes take place, the elderly population with substance use problems will increase. There is an urgent need to upgrade substance abuse treatment services to meet the specific needs of the elderly using supportive and nonconfrontational approaches with special focus on improving social support access.","PeriodicalId":16009,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geriatric Mental Health","volume":"8 1","pages":"51 - 53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47686104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Grover, Chandrima Naskar, S. Chakrabarti, A. Mehra, R. Nehra
Although there is a rapid increase in the elderly population in India, there is a lack of geriatric mental health services across the country. In India, although the postgraduation psychiatry program is available across many centers, little attention is paid to the subspecialty of geriatric psychiatry during the postgraduation training. There are very few courses (in the form of doctorate of medicine and fellowship programs) available in the subspecialty of geriatric psychiatry in the country. In this background, this paper focuses on the experience of establishing a geriatric clinic in a postgraduation psychiatry department and the impact of the same on patient care, research, and training in the area of geriatric psychiatry. The patient care data suggest that with the establishment of the geriatric clinic, there is an increase in the number of elderly patients admitted to the inpatient setting and those receiving electroconvulsive therapy. Further, there is an increase in the research in the area of geriatric psychiatry.
{"title":"Establishment of a geriatric clinic in psychiatry outpatient setting of a tertiary care hospital: Impact on care of elderly and training","authors":"S. Grover, Chandrima Naskar, S. Chakrabarti, A. Mehra, R. Nehra","doi":"10.4103/jgmh.jgmh_17_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jgmh.jgmh_17_21","url":null,"abstract":"Although there is a rapid increase in the elderly population in India, there is a lack of geriatric mental health services across the country. In India, although the postgraduation psychiatry program is available across many centers, little attention is paid to the subspecialty of geriatric psychiatry during the postgraduation training. There are very few courses (in the form of doctorate of medicine and fellowship programs) available in the subspecialty of geriatric psychiatry in the country. In this background, this paper focuses on the experience of establishing a geriatric clinic in a postgraduation psychiatry department and the impact of the same on patient care, research, and training in the area of geriatric psychiatry. The patient care data suggest that with the establishment of the geriatric clinic, there is an increase in the number of elderly patients admitted to the inpatient setting and those receiving electroconvulsive therapy. Further, there is an increase in the research in the area of geriatric psychiatry.","PeriodicalId":16009,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geriatric Mental Health","volume":"8 1","pages":"11 - 14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47820787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Mehra, S. Rani, Swapnajeet Sahoo, R. Nehra, S. Grover
Aim: To compare the level of cognitive functioning among those with and without noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Methodology: Using a cross-sectional study design, 104 patients attending the NCD clinic of a community rural health center and 101 elderly participants attending the hospital as caregivers of patients coming to the same community clinic with different ailments, were assessed on Hindi Mental State Examination (HMSE), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale. Results: Those with NCD performed poorly on all the domains of HMSE except orientation and registration. When the HMSE score of <25 was used to categorize the sample into those with and without cognitive impairment (CI), it was seen that the prevalence of CI was more among those with NCDs. The significant difference between the two groups persisted, even after controlling for age, gender, the income of the family, number of years of education, type of family, socioeconomic status, mean score of PHQ-9, and mean score of GAD-7. Conclusion: NCDs are negatively associated with cognitive functioning even after controlling for age, gender, the income of the family, number of years of education, type of family, socioeconomic status, mean score of PHQ-9, and mean score of GAD-7.
{"title":"Association of of noncommunicable diseases on cognitive functioning: A comparative study","authors":"A. Mehra, S. Rani, Swapnajeet Sahoo, R. Nehra, S. Grover","doi":"10.4103/jgmh.jgmh_9_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jgmh.jgmh_9_21","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To compare the level of cognitive functioning among those with and without noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Methodology: Using a cross-sectional study design, 104 patients attending the NCD clinic of a community rural health center and 101 elderly participants attending the hospital as caregivers of patients coming to the same community clinic with different ailments, were assessed on Hindi Mental State Examination (HMSE), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale. Results: Those with NCD performed poorly on all the domains of HMSE except orientation and registration. When the HMSE score of <25 was used to categorize the sample into those with and without cognitive impairment (CI), it was seen that the prevalence of CI was more among those with NCDs. The significant difference between the two groups persisted, even after controlling for age, gender, the income of the family, number of years of education, type of family, socioeconomic status, mean score of PHQ-9, and mean score of GAD-7. Conclusion: NCDs are negatively associated with cognitive functioning even after controlling for age, gender, the income of the family, number of years of education, type of family, socioeconomic status, mean score of PHQ-9, and mean score of GAD-7.","PeriodicalId":16009,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geriatric Mental Health","volume":"8 1","pages":"39 - 44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44653728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim: This study aimed to assess the level of stigma faced by the caregivers of patients with dementia. The secondary objective was to evaluate the association of stigma faced by the caregivers with caregiver burden and compare the stigma and caregiver burden encountered by the caregivers of patients with dementia and schizophrenia. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study, 50 patients with dementia and their caregivers and 50 patients with schizophrenia and their caregivers. Diagnosis of both the disorders was made as per the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fifth Revision. The study participants were assessed on the Stigma Scale for caregivers of people with mental illness and family burden interview schedule. Results: Caregivers of patients with schizophrenia had been in the caregiver role for a longer duration and were not on paid employment. Caregivers of patients with dementia were more often children of the patients. Caregivers of patients with dementia reported a significantly lower level of stigma in all the domains as well as reported lower total stigma score. The significant difference persisted even after controlling for demographic and caregiving variables. Similarly, caregivers of patients with schizophrenia reported a significantly higher level of burden on all the domains, except for effect on the domain of mental health of others which persisted even after controlling for demographic and caregiving variables. Conclusion: Caregivers of patients with dementia experience a lower level of stigma and caregiver burden, compared to patients with schizophrenia even after controlling for different confounding variables.
{"title":"A comparative study of caregiver burden and stigma among the caregivers of patients with dementia and schizophrenia","authors":"S. Parveen, A. Mehra, Krishan Kumar, S. Grover","doi":"10.4103/jgmh.jgmh_10_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jgmh.jgmh_10_21","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This study aimed to assess the level of stigma faced by the caregivers of patients with dementia. The secondary objective was to evaluate the association of stigma faced by the caregivers with caregiver burden and compare the stigma and caregiver burden encountered by the caregivers of patients with dementia and schizophrenia. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study, 50 patients with dementia and their caregivers and 50 patients with schizophrenia and their caregivers. Diagnosis of both the disorders was made as per the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fifth Revision. The study participants were assessed on the Stigma Scale for caregivers of people with mental illness and family burden interview schedule. Results: Caregivers of patients with schizophrenia had been in the caregiver role for a longer duration and were not on paid employment. Caregivers of patients with dementia were more often children of the patients. Caregivers of patients with dementia reported a significantly lower level of stigma in all the domains as well as reported lower total stigma score. The significant difference persisted even after controlling for demographic and caregiving variables. Similarly, caregivers of patients with schizophrenia reported a significantly higher level of burden on all the domains, except for effect on the domain of mental health of others which persisted even after controlling for demographic and caregiving variables. Conclusion: Caregivers of patients with dementia experience a lower level of stigma and caregiver burden, compared to patients with schizophrenia even after controlling for different confounding variables.","PeriodicalId":16009,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geriatric Mental Health","volume":"8 1","pages":"15 - 19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41353562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"COVID-19 and cognitive impairment: A new challenge for the elderly","authors":"S. Grover","doi":"10.4103/jgmh.jgmh_31_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jgmh.jgmh_31_21","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16009,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geriatric Mental Health","volume":"8 1","pages":"1 - 2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45483035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recurrent idiopathic catatonia in an elderly patient with successful weaning off lorazepam","authors":"T. Panda, J. Aneja","doi":"10.4103/jgmh.jgmh_18_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jgmh.jgmh_18_21","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16009,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geriatric Mental Health","volume":"8 1","pages":"56 - 57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47844735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"I wish she had dementia: Pandemic, lockdown, elderly with personality traits, and stress on families","authors":"S. Bharath","doi":"10.4103/jgmh.jgmh_14_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jgmh.jgmh_14_21","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16009,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geriatric Mental Health","volume":"8 1","pages":"54 - 55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48069003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Grover, Rahul Chakravarty, A. Mehra, S. Chakrabarti
Aim: To assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in elderly patients with depressive disorder. Methodology: By using retrospective study design, the treatment records of all the elderly patients (aged ≥60 years) diagnosed with depressive disorders diagnosed as per the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, were reviewed and data of patients for fasting blood glucose levels, lipid profile, and anthropometry (height, weight, waist circumference, and blood pressure [BP]) were extracted. The diagnosis of MetS was made as per the consensus criteria. Results: Data of 93 patients were included in the study. The mean age of the study participants was 65.65 (standard deviation [SD]: 5.61) years and the mean number of years of education was 8.33 (SD: 6.65) years. The mean duration of illness was 70.93 (SD: 107.39) months, with the mean duration of the current episode at the time of collection of data as 5.38 (SD: 3.54) months. More than half (57%) of the patients fulfilled the criteria for MetS. Besides more than half of the patients fulfilling the criteria for MetS, about one-tenth (9.7%) fulfilled one criterion, and one-third (32.3%) fulfilled 2 criteria for the MetS. The most common criteria of MetS which was fulfilled included abnormal waist circumference, followed by raised blood pressure, abnormal triglyceride levels, and abnormal high-density lipoprotein. Fasting blood glucose level was the least common abnormality. The presence of MetS was associated with a higher level of education, higher income, and presence of physical comorbidity. Conclusions: Considering that more than half of elderly patients with depressive illness also suffer from MetS, it is important to monitor elderly with depression for MetS, to reduce the risk of future cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
{"title":"Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in elderly patients with depression","authors":"S. Grover, Rahul Chakravarty, A. Mehra, S. Chakrabarti","doi":"10.4103/jgmh.jgmh_8_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jgmh.jgmh_8_21","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in elderly patients with depressive disorder. Methodology: By using retrospective study design, the treatment records of all the elderly patients (aged ≥60 years) diagnosed with depressive disorders diagnosed as per the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, were reviewed and data of patients for fasting blood glucose levels, lipid profile, and anthropometry (height, weight, waist circumference, and blood pressure [BP]) were extracted. The diagnosis of MetS was made as per the consensus criteria. Results: Data of 93 patients were included in the study. The mean age of the study participants was 65.65 (standard deviation [SD]: 5.61) years and the mean number of years of education was 8.33 (SD: 6.65) years. The mean duration of illness was 70.93 (SD: 107.39) months, with the mean duration of the current episode at the time of collection of data as 5.38 (SD: 3.54) months. More than half (57%) of the patients fulfilled the criteria for MetS. Besides more than half of the patients fulfilling the criteria for MetS, about one-tenth (9.7%) fulfilled one criterion, and one-third (32.3%) fulfilled 2 criteria for the MetS. The most common criteria of MetS which was fulfilled included abnormal waist circumference, followed by raised blood pressure, abnormal triglyceride levels, and abnormal high-density lipoprotein. Fasting blood glucose level was the least common abnormality. The presence of MetS was associated with a higher level of education, higher income, and presence of physical comorbidity. Conclusions: Considering that more than half of elderly patients with depressive illness also suffer from MetS, it is important to monitor elderly with depression for MetS, to reduce the risk of future cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.","PeriodicalId":16009,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geriatric Mental Health","volume":"8 1","pages":"20 - 25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49119243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Context: Depression in late life is more likely to be associated with multiple medical comorbidities and cognitive impairment. In old-age hypertension, hyperlipidemia and obesity have been associated with cognitive impairment and vascular depression. The severity of vascular burden has a positive correlation with the severity of depression. Aims: This study aimed to find the association between cerebrovascular risk factors (CVRFs) and depression in old age. Methodology: A cross-sectional observational study was carried out at the outpatient department (OPD) of psychiatric center, SMS Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur. The patients from the OPD who provided informed consent were the participants in this study. Two hundred cases of depressive episode or recurrent depressive episode (unipolar depression) were included in the study. The diagnosis was made as per the International Classification of Diseases-10 criteria by two psychiatrists independently. Framingham CVRF prediction tool was applied to assess vascular burden. This was followed by statistical analysis. Results: The mean age of participants were 68.53 years, the mean score of Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) was 19.10 and the mean score of CVRFs was 13.13. HAM-D score positively correlates with CVRFs score (r = 0.188 and P = 0.008). Conclusions: Our study contributes to the growing literature elucidating the relationship of CVRFs in depressed older adults confirming that greater vascular burden can contribute to the severity of depression in geriatric depression.
{"title":"A study of cerebrovascular risk factors in depressive patients in old age","authors":"Pyare Bhalothia, Paramjeet Singh, Banwari Mawlia, Sahiba Singh, Priyanka Jain","doi":"10.4103/jgmh.jgmh_34_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jgmh.jgmh_34_18","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Depression in late life is more likely to be associated with multiple medical comorbidities and cognitive impairment. In old-age hypertension, hyperlipidemia and obesity have been associated with cognitive impairment and vascular depression. The severity of vascular burden has a positive correlation with the severity of depression. Aims: This study aimed to find the association between cerebrovascular risk factors (CVRFs) and depression in old age. Methodology: A cross-sectional observational study was carried out at the outpatient department (OPD) of psychiatric center, SMS Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur. The patients from the OPD who provided informed consent were the participants in this study. Two hundred cases of depressive episode or recurrent depressive episode (unipolar depression) were included in the study. The diagnosis was made as per the International Classification of Diseases-10 criteria by two psychiatrists independently. Framingham CVRF prediction tool was applied to assess vascular burden. This was followed by statistical analysis. Results: The mean age of participants were 68.53 years, the mean score of Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) was 19.10 and the mean score of CVRFs was 13.13. HAM-D score positively correlates with CVRFs score (r = 0.188 and P = 0.008). Conclusions: Our study contributes to the growing literature elucidating the relationship of CVRFs in depressed older adults confirming that greater vascular burden can contribute to the severity of depression in geriatric depression.","PeriodicalId":16009,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geriatric Mental Health","volume":"8 1","pages":"26 - 29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48084214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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