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ASSESSING THE COST OF FREE PRIMARY EDUCATION POLICY IN NIGERIA AND THE QUESTION OF SUSTAINABILITY 评估尼日利亚免费初等教育政策的成本和可持续性问题
Pub Date : 2019-06-24 DOI: 10.20472/TEC.2019.007.008
W. Iguodala
The cost of implementing free and compulsory primary education policy in Nigeria and the question of sustainability were respectively assessed in the paper. The observed poor quality of primary school leavers and scarcity of all production inputs in the school system motivated the study that raised three (3) research questions to guide investigation. The entire primary school system including the 707,124 teachers across the 622,841 available primary schools constituted the study population. A convenient number of 35,356(i.e 5 percent) teachers randomly selected from the schools using the multi-stage sampling technique made up the study sample. Documentary evidences of allocated funds from relevant government Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs) and a questionnaire title: Free and Compulsory Primary School Attendance Policy Sustenance Questionnaire (FRECOPRISUQUE) was validated, pilot-tested (N=50, r= 0.77) and administered by the researchers assisted by 37 chair persons of Nigeria Union of Teachers (NUT), each from every state of the federation including the FCT. Data collected to answer the research questions were descriptively analysed with means, percentages and standard deviation. Based on data analysis, the following findings emerged. First, the money required to adequately fund the free and compulsory primary education policy per pupil is N255,000.00. Second, it is only about 3 percent of the required money that government allocates to fund primary education. Thirdly, the perception of stakeholders particularly teachers is that government lacks the ability to implement the policy in Nigeria. Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that government should admit its inability to adequately fund the policy and through legislation invite parents and corporate organizations to contribute money to sustain the policy.
本文分别评估了尼日利亚实施免费义务初等教育政策的成本和可持续性问题。观察到的小学毕业生的低质量和学校系统中所有生产投入的稀缺性促使研究提出了三(3)个研究问题来指导调查。整个小学系统包括622,841所小学的707,124名教师构成了研究人口。一个方便的数字35,356(1)。使用多阶段抽样技术从学校中随机抽取5%的教师组成研究样本。相关政府部委、部门和机构(MDAs)分配资金的文件证据和问卷标题:免费和义务小学入学政策维持问卷(FRECOPRISUQUE)经过验证和试点测试(N=50, r= 0.77),并由研究人员在尼日利亚教师工会(NUT)的37位主席的协助下进行管理,这些主席来自联邦的每个州,包括FCT。为回答研究问题而收集的数据用均值、百分比和标准差进行描述性分析。根据数据分析,得出以下结论。首先,为每位学生的免费义务初等教育政策提供充足资金所需的资金为25.5万奈拉。其次,这只占政府拨给小学教育所需资金的3%左右。第三,利益相关者尤其是教师的看法是,尼日利亚政府缺乏实施该政策的能力。根据调查结果,有人建议政府承认其无法为该政策提供足够的资金,并通过立法邀请家长和企业组织捐款以维持该政策。
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引用次数: 0
STUDENTS AS PARTNERS: ON DEVELOPING A STUDENT LED CONFERENCE TO ENHANCE THE SKILLS OF UG PROJECT STUDENTS 学生作为合作伙伴:发展学生主导的会议,以提高ug项目学生的技能
Pub Date : 2019-06-24 DOI: 10.20472/TEC.2019.007.014
S. Veuger, S. Racey
An important final year assessment which is common to most UK Undergraduate (UG) degree programmes is the final year project or dissertation. It is considered the capstone module on degree programmes whereby students gain valuable skills valued by employers. Our project engages final year UG students in a collaboration designed with inclusivity and partnership in mind.We ran student-led conferences to communicate the experience of final year students and disseminate their top tips to level 5 students. The project sits across three disciplines in the health and life sciences, the largest faculty in Northumbria University with the aim of developing a widely applicable solution for use across different programmes, departments, faculties and universities. By placing the student experience at its heart, our project seeks to enhance support for student learning through the improvement of graduate attributes including independence of thought and action, curiosity and critical thinking. Thus, employability outcomes are enhanced. The Project conferences aim to respect the diversity of the student body while creating a sense of equality to 1) support supervision quality across the institution. 2) Improve academic experience and 3) enhance graduate characteristics and thus employability.The inclusion of students as partners in pedagogic research in the student-led conferences and in a reflective exercise on the inclusion of students as equal partners in pedagogical research encouraged self- management of their own project and supervisor/student relationship thereby enhancing the student experience whilst developing their key graduate attributes. Student researchers played a major role in data analysis and evaluation. Additionally an eLearning platform organisation site has been constructed continuing the key resources for staff and students alongside video recordings of student presentations. This scalable project supports the development of graduates that are distinguished by their intellectual expertise and employability through meaningful pedagogical research that maximises student satisfaction.
对于大多数英国本科(UG)学位课程来说,重要的最后一年评估是最后一年的项目或论文。它被认为是学位课程的顶点模块,学生从中获得雇主重视的宝贵技能。我们的项目是在包容和合作的基础上,与大四学生合作设计的。我们举办了以学生为主导的会议,以交流最后一年学生的经验,并将他们的最佳建议传播给五年级的学生。该项目涉及健康和生命科学的三个学科,是诺森比亚大学最大的学院,旨在开发一种广泛适用的解决方案,适用于不同的项目、部门、院系和大学。我们的项目以学生的体验为核心,旨在通过提高毕业生的思想和行动独立性、好奇心和批判性思维等特点,加强对学生学习的支持。因此,就业结果得到了提高。项目会议旨在尊重学生群体的多样性,同时营造一种平等感,以支持整个学院的监督质量。2)提高学术经验;3)提高毕业生特色,从而提高就业能力。在以学生为主导的会议中,将学生作为教学研究的合作伙伴,以及在将学生作为教学研究的平等合作伙伴的反思练习中,鼓励学生自我管理自己的项目和导师/学生关系,从而提高学生的体验,同时培养他们的关键研究生特质。学生研究人员在数据分析和评估中发挥了重要作用。此外,还建立了一个电子学习平台组织网站,为教职员工和学生提供关键资源,并录制学生演讲的视频。这个可扩展的项目通过有意义的教学研究,最大限度地提高学生满意度,支持以知识专长和就业能力著称的毕业生的发展。
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引用次数: 1
ACADEMIC PROCRASTINATION AMONG HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN RELATION TO PEER PRESSURE 高中生学业拖延与同伴压力的关系
Pub Date : 2019-06-24 DOI: 10.20472/TEC.2019.007.010
Paramjeet Kaur Mangat
The study aimed to examine the Academic Procrastination among High School students in relation to their Peer Pressure. Descriptive survey method of research was employed for this study. Data was collected by randomization technique of sampling from a sample of 400 high school students of Punjab state, out of which 200 students were from government school and 200 students were from private schools. Tools used in this study were Academic Procrastination Scale: A. K. Kalia and Manju Yadav and Peer Pressure Scale [PPS-SS] by Saini and Singh. The data was analyzed by employing descriptive statistics like Mean, Median, Mode, SD, Skewness, Kurtosis, t-ratio and Karl Pearson?s coefficient of correlation. On the bases of data analyzed, no significant difference has been found in academic procrastination and peer pressure of government and private high school students. Further no significant difference has been found in academic procrastination of male and female high school students. Further no significant relationship has been found in academic procrastination and peer pressure of total high school students.
本研究旨在探讨高中生学业拖延与同伴压力的关系。本研究采用描述性调查研究方法。数据采用随机抽样的方法收集旁遮普邦400名高中生的样本,其中200名学生来自公立学校,200名学生来自私立学校。本研究使用的工具是学业拖延量表(A. K. Kalia and Manju Yadav)和同伴压力量表(PPS-SS)。采用描述性统计方法对数据进行分析,如Mean、Median、Mode、SD、Skewness、Kurtosis、t-ratio和Karl Pearson?S相关系数。在数据分析的基础上,公办高中和民办高中学生在学业拖延和同伴压力方面没有发现显著差异。此外,男女高中生的学业拖延没有显著差异。高中生学业拖延与同伴压力的关系不显著。
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引用次数: 0
EFFECT OF ACTIVE LEARNING INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGIES ON PRE-SERVICE CHEMISTRY TEACHERS ACQUISITION OF ENTREPRENEURIAL SKILLS 主动学习教学策略对职前化学教师创业技能习得的影响
Pub Date : 2019-06-24 DOI: 10.20472/TEC.2019.007.012
Chinwe B. Njelita
This study investigated the effect of active learning instructional strategies (ALIS) on pre-service chemistry teacher’s acquisition of entrepreneurial skills. The study adopted quasi-experimental design – pre-test, post-test non-equivalent control group. The study was conducted in two colleges of education in the south-east geo-political zone of Nigeria. Purposive sampling was used based on proximity and class size using intact classes guide. Out of these two institutions selected, the pre-service chemistry teachers in one college of education were exposed to ALIS involving field trip, demonstration followed by projects as experimental group while the other institution served as control group exposed to conventional lecture method. One hundred and twenty (120) pre-service chemistry teachers were used for the study. Test on entrepreneurial skills acquisition (TOESA) developed by the researcher served as instrument for data collection. The face and content validity of the instrument were determined using two chemistry educators and specialist in education psychologist from researcher’s institution. The reliability of the instrument was established using Kuder-Richardson formula – 21 which was established as 0.89. Mean and standard deviation were used to test the research questions. The hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance using the Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) statistics. The result of the study revealed that the selected ALIS enhance entrepreneurial skills acquisition amongst pre-service chemistry teachers. It also revealed that there is a statistical difference between the mean skill score of male and female pre-service chemistry teachers taught with selected ALIS and it is in favour of male pre-service chemistry teachers. Based on these findings, it was recommended that chemistry educators should apply the use of selected ALIS namely field trip, demonstration and projects strategies in their classroom instructions.
本研究旨在探讨主动学习教学策略对职前化学教师创业技能习得的影响。本研究采用准实验设计——前测、后测非等效对照组。这项研究是在尼日利亚东南地缘政治区的两所教育学院进行的。采用完整的班级指南,基于邻近度和班级规模进行目的抽样。选取两所院校,其中一所院校的职前化学教师作为实验组,采用实地考察、示范、项目等方式进行ALIS教学;另一所院校作为对照组,采用传统的授课方式进行教学。120名职前化学教师被用于研究。研究人员开发的创业技能习得测试(TOESA)作为数据收集的工具。本量表的表面效度和内容效度由两位化学教育工作者和来自研究机构的教育心理学家专家共同确定。采用库德-理查德森公式- 21建立仪器的信度,其信度为0.89。采用均数和标准差对研究问题进行检验。使用协方差分析(ANCOVA)统计在0.05显著性水平上对假设进行检验。研究结果显示,所选择的创新创业模式促进了职前化学教师的创业技能习得。研究还发现,选择ALIS教学的男女职前化学教师的平均技能得分存在统计学差异,且有利于男性职前化学教师。基于这些发现,建议化学教育工作者在课堂教学中应用选定的ALIS,即实地考察、示范和项目策略。
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引用次数: 0
SHOULD WE AND CAN WE MOTIVATE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS? – THE ANALYSIS OF THE INTERPRETATION OF THE ROLE AND THE TEACHING METHODS OF UNIVERSITY TEACHERS 我们应该并且能够激励大学生吗?——浅析高校教师的角色解读与教学方法
Pub Date : 2019-06-24 DOI: 10.20472/TEC.2019.007.004
Beatrix Fűzi
Reducing student drop-out rates is a challenge faced in Hungarian higher education. Our research and development project is intended to contribute to this effort: we analyse the notions and experiences of teachers concerning the possibility of motivating students, as well as their own role models as teachers and their teaching methods. We also explore students? motivation, their experiences and expectations related to classes at the university.It was studied whether the motivation of students appears in the teachers? understanding of their own role. Do they accept or reject the motivation of students as a task? Is there a difference in the teaching methods applied between those who consider a part of their role as teachers to motivate students and those who reject this? We were also curious how the opinions of teachers and students were similar or different concerning the motivating effect of various teaching methods.We collected data from teachers and students at six Hungarian institutes of higher education. The teachers? questionnaire was completed by 210 respondents, and semi-structured, in-depth interviews were also conducted with 41 of them. The students? questionnaire was completed by 1,130 respondents. In the analysis of the data, we used both quantitative and qualitative methods.Based on the results, half of the teachers faced with difficulties in connection with motivating students. In the interpretation of the role models of the majority of them, the intention of motivating students appeared positively. By contrast, in the opinion of 68%, academic success depends on the students alone.There was agreement in that the respondents considered the use of digital tools, interactivity, practicality as having the most motivating effect. In the frequency of encountering various methods, however, there was a difference in the assessment given by students and teachers. The interviews shed light on the fact that, despite the best intentions, the actual achievement of motivation of students in the classrooms is often missing. The reason may be the lack of pedagogical and methodological knowledge and consciousness.
降低学生辍学率是匈牙利高等教育面临的一项挑战。我们的研究和开发项目旨在为这一努力做出贡献:我们分析了教师关于激励学生的可能性的概念和经验,以及他们作为教师的榜样和他们的教学方法。我们也探索学生?动机,他们的经历和对大学课程的期望。研究学生的动机是否出现在教师身上?了解自己的角色。他们接受还是拒绝将学生的动机作为一项任务?那些把激励学生作为教师角色的一部分的教师和那些拒绝这样做的教师在教学方法上有什么不同吗?我们也很好奇,对于各种教学方法的激励效果,老师和学生的看法是相似的还是不同的。我们收集了匈牙利六所高等教育机构的教师和学生的数据。老师吗?210名受访者完成了问卷调查,并对其中41名受访者进行了半结构化的深度访谈。的学生吗?问卷共有1130名受访者完成。在对数据的分析中,我们采用了定量和定性相结合的方法。根据调查结果,半数教师在激励学生方面遇到困难。在大多数人对榜样的解读中,激励学生的意图是积极的。相比之下,68%的人认为学业成功完全取决于学生。受访者一致认为,数字工具的使用、互动性和实用性是最具激励作用的。然而,在遇到各种方法的频率上,学生和老师给出的评价存在差异。访谈揭示了这样一个事实,即尽管有最好的意图,学生在课堂上的动机的实际成就往往是缺失的。原因可能是缺乏教学和方法论知识和意识。
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引用次数: 1
ATTITUDES FOR IMPROVED LEARNING & KNOWLEDGE IN ARCHETYPAL ENGINEERING COURSES 对原型工程课程中改进学习和知识的态度
Pub Date : 2019-06-24 DOI: 10.20472/TEC.2019.007.002
Hamid Ahtesham, Yasir Javed, S. Khahro, Sarah Almuqhim
It has been reflected during teaching ETHC303 “Ethical and Social Aspects of Computing” at Prince Sultan University, Riyadh that the students have a vague understanding about the subject at the beginning of the semester. They believe it as a second course and expecting higher grades in it, whereas the scenario is the other way around. The subject of this nature to be taught in final year class cannot be covered in the traditional way. As it is more towards practical practice rather than bookish approach. There were three techniques used to analyse this problem in this case study including Individual Interviews, Literature Review Task (LRT) as a Flipped Class Room (FCR) approach and Field Trip (FT). In the end, Visual Clips were also used as an experiment for learning objectives delivery. It is analysed that the literature review task as a flipped classroom approach could not produce satisfactory results for courses like ethics. Whereas field trips significantly produced satisfactory results for such a problem. It is also observed that visual clips are helpful for outline delivery within the subject of such typical nature. It is concluded that field trips, visual clips and individual counselling are quite supportive and helpful to increase learning and knowledge in the subjects such as ETHC303 “Ethical and Social Aspects of Computing”.
在利雅得苏丹王子大学教授ETHC303“计算机的伦理和社会方面”的过程中,学生们在学期开始时对这门学科有一个模糊的理解。他们认为这是第二门课,并期望在这门课上取得更高的成绩,而实际情况恰恰相反。在最后一年的课程中,这种性质的主题不能用传统的方式来涵盖。因为它更倾向于实践,而不是书本上的方法。在本案例研究中,有三种技术用于分析这个问题,包括个人访谈、作为翻转课堂(FCR)方法的文献回顾任务(LRT)和实地考察(FT)。最后,Visual Clips也被用作学习目标传递的实验。本文分析了文献综述任务作为翻转课堂教学方法在伦理学等课程中不能产生令人满意的效果。而实地考察对这一问题产生了令人满意的结果。还可以观察到,视觉剪辑有助于在这种典型性质的主题内提供大纲。结果显示,实地考察、视频短片和个别辅导对增加学生在ETHC303“计算机的伦理与社会层面”等科目的学习和知识非常有帮助。
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引用次数: 0
SHAPING THE COMPETENCES OF GRADUATES OF HIGHER EDUCATION FOR THE NEEDS OF THE EU LABOUR MARKET - CASE STUDY OF BUSINESS SCHOOL STUDENTS 为欧盟劳动力市场的需求塑造高等教育毕业生的能力——商学院学生的案例研究
Pub Date : 2019-06-19 DOI: 10.20472/TEC.2019.007.006
Agnieszka Herdan, Magdalena M. Stuss
It is a well-known fact that undergraduate students have to be equipped with relevant types of key competencies in order to be successful in the job market. Complex challenges that companies face in today?s world and the fast development of technology shift employer?s expectation for knowledge towards competency and abilities to use skills and talents (European Commission, 2010). Higher Education Institutions need to create a curriculum that will support students to develop a correct set of life long competencies. However, in many cases students struggle to recognize the importance of developing key competencies during their time at University and only focus on key knowledge. That is why Higher Education Institutions struggle to convince students of the value of certain activities which take place within the curriculum. The aim of this paper is to investigate the perception of Business School Students of key competencies of lifelong learning. The applied research procedure combines analysis of the literature with empirical research and is based upon searching for the answer to the questions about how Business School students view the importance of lifelong learning competencies.The research shows that the most desired lifelong learning competencies by business programme students are experience, industry expertise, certificates, awards confirming completion of studies/programs/skills, followed by technology competencies and cultural awareness.
众所周知,为了在就业市场上取得成功,本科生必须具备相关类型的关键能力。当今企业面临的复杂挑战是什么?美国世界和快速发展的技术转移雇主?欧盟委员会(European Commission), 2010年)对知识对能力和使用技能和才能的期望。高等教育机构需要创建一个课程,以支持学生发展一套正确的终身能力。然而,在许多情况下,学生很难认识到在大学期间培养关键能力的重要性,而只关注关键知识。这就是为什么高等教育机构努力让学生相信课程中某些活动的价值。摘要本研究旨在探讨商学院学生对终身学习关键能力的认知。应用研究程序将文献分析与实证研究相结合,并以寻找商学院学生如何看待终身学习能力重要性的问题的答案为基础。研究表明,商科课程学生最期望的终身学习能力是经验、行业专业知识、证书、完成学业/课程/技能的奖励,其次是技术能力和文化意识。
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引用次数: 0
FOSTERING THE COOPERATIVE LEARNING OF MATHEMATICS IN ENGINEERING SCHOOLS 促进工科院校数学合作学习
Pub Date : 2019-05-30 DOI: 10.20472/TEC.2019.007.011
J. Morales, B. Olea, M. Atencia-Ruiz, Nicolás Madrid
Universidad de Malaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucia Tech. “I Plan Propio Integral de Docencia” de la Universidad de Malaga (PIE17-025)
马拉加大学。安达卢西亚科技国际卓越校园,马拉加大学“我自己的整体教学计划”(PIE17-025)
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引用次数: 3
INDIVIDUALIZED EXERCISES FOR CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT IN ENGINEERING 工程中持续评估的个体化练习
Pub Date : 2019-05-27 DOI: 10.20472/TEC.2019.007.013
Salvador Pineda Morente, Natalia Alguacil Conde, Juan Perez Ruiz, Sebastián Rivas, Antonio González
This project focuses on the development of a web application that automatically grades the solution to engineering exercises. The input data of each exercise is different for each student in order to reduce plagiarism and increase motivation. Students can access the web app from any device with internet access (computer, laptop, phone, ...) at any time. The fact that the exercises are enunciated and evaluated in an individualized way eliminates the possibility for students to share the solutions and divert the profitable collaboration between students towards the learning of the resolution procedure itself. From the professor’s perspective, this tool allows an efficient and continuous evaluation of students. Besides, the storage of the data (number of attempts, time required, etc.) provides valuable information both for the self-assessment of the professor and for the analysis of the individualized learning process of each student. The web application is coded in Python, which easily allows the incorporation of additional features according to the needs of professors and students. The web application has already been tested during two academic years in two Spanish universities and for several engineering degrees. Ten professor and more than 2000 students have already benefit from this web application.
这个项目关注于一个web应用程序的开发,该应用程序可以自动对工程练习的解决方案进行分级。每个练习的输入数据对每个学生来说都是不同的,以减少抄袭,增加动力。学生可以随时从任何可以上网的设备(电脑、笔记本电脑、手机等)访问web应用程序。事实上,练习是以个性化的方式进行阐述和评估的,这消除了学生分享解决方案的可能性,并将学生之间有益的合作转移到解决过程本身的学习上。从教授的角度来看,这个工具允许对学生进行有效和持续的评估。此外,数据的存储(尝试次数,所需时间等)为教授的自我评估和分析每个学生的个性化学习过程提供了有价值的信息。web应用程序是用Python编写的,这很容易允许根据教授和学生的需要合并额外的功能。这个网络应用程序已经在西班牙的两所大学和几个工程学位的两个学年中进行了测试。10名教授和2000多名学生已经从这个网络应用程序中受益。
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引用次数: 0
WHATSAPP UTILISATION AT AN INITIAL TEACHER PREPARATION PROGRAMME AT A UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY IN SOUTH AFRICA 南非一所科技大学的初步教师培训课程中Whatsapp的使用情况
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.20472/TEC.2019.007.009
Nkosinomusa Mabaso, L. Meda
All universities in South Africa are encouraged to use a Learning Management System such as Blackboard to facilitate blended learning. Despite, the availability of Blackboard at one university of technology in the country, some lecturers and students prefer utilising WhatsApp for teaching and learning. The purpose of this study is to investigate students and lecturers? perspectives about learning and teaching using WhatsApp at a university in South Africa. The study was done using a qualitative case study within an intepretivist paradigm. It was guided by Garrison, Anderson and Archer?s Community of Inquiry as a theoretical framework. Sixteen students and two lecturers who heavily use WhatsApp were purposively selected to participate in semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions. The study found that lecturers use WhatsApp not only for communication purposes, but to foster collaborative learning among students. Although students noted some limitations which they experience when using WhatsApp, they preferred the social media to blackboard. The study concludes that although WhatsApp is response to students? needs, it does not adequately prepare students to graduate with digital literacy skills expected by the Department of Education in the country.
南非所有的大学都被鼓励使用像Blackboard这样的学习管理系统来促进混合式学习。尽管该国一所科技大学有Blackboard,但一些讲师和学生更喜欢使用WhatsApp进行教学和学习。本研究的目的是调查学生和讲师。对南非一所大学使用WhatsApp学习和教学的看法。本研究采用解释主义范式下的定性案例研究。是加里森,安德森和阿彻指挥的吗?以“探究共同体”为理论框架。有意选择16名经常使用WhatsApp的学生和2名讲师参加半结构化访谈和焦点小组讨论。研究发现,讲师使用WhatsApp不仅是为了交流,也是为了促进学生之间的协作学习。尽管学生们注意到他们在使用WhatsApp时遇到的一些限制,但他们更喜欢社交媒体而不是黑板。该研究的结论是,尽管WhatsApp是对学生的回应?但是,它并没有为学生做好充分的准备,使他们毕业时具备该国教育部所期望的数字素养技能。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
Proceedings of the 7th Teaching & Education Conference, London
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