Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.29245/2689-9981/2019/4.1148
Á. Ramos-Ligonio, A. López-Monteon
{"title":"Commentary: Differential Humoral and Cellular Immunity Induced by Vaccination using Plasmid DNA and Protein Recombinant Expressing the NS3 Protein of Dengue Virus type 3","authors":"Á. Ramos-Ligonio, A. López-Monteon","doi":"10.29245/2689-9981/2019/4.1148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29245/2689-9981/2019/4.1148","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16100,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectiology","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87053594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.29245/2689-9981/2019/4.1150
F. Bracher
The development of anti-infective drugs has been one of the most impressive progresses in drug therapy in the past century. However, some of the promising antibacterial and antiviral drugs lost activity after being used in therapy for some time. Typically, this is due to the development of resistance phenomena, among which the expression of drug-degrading enzymes is one major aspect. In other cases, enzymatic degradation of anti-infective drugs by mammalian enzymes in the liver (or kidney) can limit the efficacy of the drugs. In all of these cases, selection of a drug from a different class is a therapeutic opportunity. Alternatively, the original drug can be used further in combination with other compounds named boosters, pharmacokinetic enhancers or antibiotic adjuvants. These compounds are used in combination with the primary anti-infective agent, but not for their direct effects on the infection itself, but since they enhance or restore the activity of the drug. This mini-review gives an overview on the therapeutically most important classes of boosters/antibiotic enhancers, like β-lactamase inhibitors, inhibitors of CYP enzymes in HIV therapy and hepatitis C. Inhibitors of efflux pumps in pathogenic bacteria and fungi will be addressed shortly.
{"title":"With a Little Help from Good Friends – Boosters for the Prevention of Undesired Enzymatic Degradation of Anti-infective Drugs","authors":"F. Bracher","doi":"10.29245/2689-9981/2019/4.1150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29245/2689-9981/2019/4.1150","url":null,"abstract":"The development of anti-infective drugs has been one of the most impressive progresses in drug therapy in the past century. However, some of the promising antibacterial and antiviral drugs lost activity after being used in therapy for some time. Typically, this is due to the development of resistance phenomena, among which the expression of drug-degrading enzymes is one major aspect. In other cases, enzymatic degradation of anti-infective drugs by mammalian enzymes in the liver (or kidney) can limit the efficacy of the drugs. In all of these cases, selection of a drug from a different class is a therapeutic opportunity. Alternatively, the original drug can be used further in combination with other compounds named boosters, pharmacokinetic enhancers or antibiotic adjuvants. These compounds are used in combination with the primary anti-infective agent, but not for their direct effects on the infection itself, but since they enhance or restore the activity of the drug. This mini-review gives an overview on the therapeutically most important classes of boosters/antibiotic enhancers, like β-lactamase inhibitors, inhibitors of CYP enzymes in HIV therapy and hepatitis C. Inhibitors of efflux pumps in pathogenic bacteria and fungi will be addressed shortly.","PeriodicalId":16100,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectiology","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79299529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.29245/2689-9981/2019/4.1144
Pascal Bezel, S. Fucentese, J. Burkhard, D. Holy, Arend Nieuwland, M. Burkhard, I. Uçkay
Mini Review on the Impact of Mobile Parts’ Exchange During the DAIR Procedure (Debridement, Antibiotics, Irrigation, Retention) for Infected Total Joint Arthroplasties Pascal Bezel1, Sandro F. Fucentese2, Jan Burkhard1,3, Dominique Holy1,3, Arend J. Nieuwland2, Marco Burkhard2, Ilker Uçkay1,2,3,4* 1Internal Medicine, Balgrist University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland 2Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Balgrist University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland 3Infectiology, Balgrist University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland 4Unit for Clinical and Applied Research, Balgrist University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
Pascal Bezel1, Sandro F. fucentes2, Jan burkhard1,3, Dominique holy1,3, Arend J. Nieuwland2, Marco Burkhard2, Ilker upalkay1,2,3,4 * 1瑞士苏黎世Balgrist大学医院内科2瑞士苏黎世Balgrist大学医院骨科3 Balgrist大学医院感染学4瑞士苏黎世Balgrist大学医院临床与应用研究中心
{"title":"Mini Review on the Impact of Mobile Parts' Exchange During the DAIR Procedure (Debridement, Antibiotics, Irrigation, Retention) for Infected Total Joint Arthroplasties","authors":"Pascal Bezel, S. Fucentese, J. Burkhard, D. Holy, Arend Nieuwland, M. Burkhard, I. Uçkay","doi":"10.29245/2689-9981/2019/4.1144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29245/2689-9981/2019/4.1144","url":null,"abstract":"Mini Review on the Impact of Mobile Parts’ Exchange During the DAIR Procedure (Debridement, Antibiotics, Irrigation, Retention) for Infected Total Joint Arthroplasties Pascal Bezel1, Sandro F. Fucentese2, Jan Burkhard1,3, Dominique Holy1,3, Arend J. Nieuwland2, Marco Burkhard2, Ilker Uçkay1,2,3,4* 1Internal Medicine, Balgrist University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland 2Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Balgrist University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland 3Infectiology, Balgrist University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland 4Unit for Clinical and Applied Research, Balgrist University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland","PeriodicalId":16100,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectiology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81405402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.29245/2689-9981/2019/4.1145
C. Rosette, A. Mazzetti, R. Camerini, L. Moro, M. Gerloni
Rifamycin SV (rifamycin), is a member of the ansamycin family of antimicrobial compounds which kills bacteria commonly associated with infectious diarrhea and other enteric infections. For colonic diseases like diverticulitis, inflammatory bowel syndrome (IBS) or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), bacterial proliferation or microbial dysbiosis is associated with a strong inflammatory component. This inflammation has a profound influence on the liver via the gut-liver axis. This review summarizes the anti-inflammatory activities of rifamycin based on analyses of its impact on two key regulators of inflammation: PXR and NFκB. Rifamycin was found to activate PXR and two of its downstream targets, CYP3A4 and PgP, in liver and intestinal cell lines. Rifamycin also directly inhibited NFκB in a cell line which lacks PXR expression. These dual activities likely explain the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion from human colonic cells lines and activated CD4+ T cells. These experimental data define the immune regulatory characteristics of rifamycin and an emerging role in the treatment of both gastrointestinal (GI) and liver disorders.
{"title":"Rifamycin SV Anti-inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Activities for Treatment of Mucosal and Liver Inflammation","authors":"C. Rosette, A. Mazzetti, R. Camerini, L. Moro, M. Gerloni","doi":"10.29245/2689-9981/2019/4.1145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29245/2689-9981/2019/4.1145","url":null,"abstract":"Rifamycin SV (rifamycin), is a member of the ansamycin family of antimicrobial compounds which kills bacteria commonly associated with infectious diarrhea and other enteric infections. For colonic diseases like diverticulitis, inflammatory bowel syndrome (IBS) or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), bacterial proliferation or microbial dysbiosis is associated with a strong inflammatory component. This inflammation has a profound influence on the liver via the gut-liver axis. This review summarizes the anti-inflammatory activities of rifamycin based on analyses of its impact on two key regulators of inflammation: PXR and NFκB. Rifamycin was found to activate PXR and two of its downstream targets, CYP3A4 and PgP, in liver and intestinal cell lines. Rifamycin also directly inhibited NFκB in a cell line which lacks PXR expression. These dual activities likely explain the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion from human colonic cells lines and activated CD4+ T cells. These experimental data define the immune regulatory characteristics of rifamycin and an emerging role in the treatment of both gastrointestinal (GI) and liver disorders.","PeriodicalId":16100,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectiology","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73288306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.29245/2689-9981/2019/4.1151
D. F. D. Lana, P. Reginatto, W. Lopes, M. Vainstein, A. Fuentefria
Invasion of Human Nails by Microsporum canis Daiane Flores Dalla Lana1*, Paula Reginatto2, William Lopes3, Marilene Henning Vainstein3, Alexandre Meneghello Fuentefria1,2 1Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil 2Programa de Pós-graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil 3Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
{"title":"Invasion of Human Nails by Microsporum canis","authors":"D. F. D. Lana, P. Reginatto, W. Lopes, M. Vainstein, A. Fuentefria","doi":"10.29245/2689-9981/2019/4.1151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29245/2689-9981/2019/4.1151","url":null,"abstract":"Invasion of Human Nails by Microsporum canis Daiane Flores Dalla Lana1*, Paula Reginatto2, William Lopes3, Marilene Henning Vainstein3, Alexandre Meneghello Fuentefria1,2 1Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil 2Programa de Pós-graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil 3Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil","PeriodicalId":16100,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectiology","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90184560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.29245/2689-9981/2019/4.1143
P. M. Sawadogo, A. Zida, I. Sangare, T. Guiguemdé, A. Sanfo, M. Idani, H. Nacanabo, S. Bamba, R. Ouedraogo, Traoré, T. R. Guiguemdé
{"title":"Genetic Mutations Conferring Resistance to Candida albicans to Antifungal drugs: A Global Perspective and Regional Implications","authors":"P. M. Sawadogo, A. Zida, I. Sangare, T. Guiguemdé, A. Sanfo, M. Idani, H. Nacanabo, S. Bamba, R. Ouedraogo, Traoré, T. R. Guiguemdé","doi":"10.29245/2689-9981/2019/4.1143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29245/2689-9981/2019/4.1143","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16100,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectiology","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87651806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-01DOI: 10.29245/2689-9981/2019/3.1138
D. Hazırolan, G. Sungur
Human herpes viruses are the most common etiologic agents in posterior viral uveitis. They remain latent in the infected host with a risk of reactivation that depends on various factors, including virulence, host immunity, age and comorbidities. Acute retinal necrosis (ARN), progressive outer retinal necrosis (PORN), and CMV retinitis are the most frequent forms. Posterior viral uveitis may occur in atypical clinical entities as non-necrotising herpetic retinitis (NNHR) and focal posterior viral retinitis. The spectrum of herpetic retinopathies might start with focal retinitis, the mildest form, and followed by more severe forms as NNHR, PORN and ARN. The differential diagnosis of atypical viral retinitis is difficult clinically, as it can mimic various kinds of retinitis. The prognosis of the atypical disease is better than other forms of necrotizing retinopathies. A viral etiology must be considered in cases of sightthreatening and atypical posterior uveitis that is unresponsive to conventional corticosteroid treatment.
{"title":"Atypical Herpetic Viral Posterior Uveitis: Non-necrotising Retinitis and Focal Retinitis","authors":"D. Hazırolan, G. Sungur","doi":"10.29245/2689-9981/2019/3.1138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29245/2689-9981/2019/3.1138","url":null,"abstract":"Human herpes viruses are the most common etiologic agents in posterior viral uveitis. They remain latent in the infected host with a risk of reactivation that depends on various factors, including virulence, host immunity, age and comorbidities. Acute retinal necrosis (ARN), progressive outer retinal necrosis (PORN), and CMV retinitis are the most frequent forms. Posterior viral uveitis may occur in atypical clinical entities as non-necrotising herpetic retinitis (NNHR) and focal posterior viral retinitis. The spectrum of herpetic retinopathies might start with focal retinitis, the mildest form, and followed by more severe forms as NNHR, PORN and ARN. The differential diagnosis of atypical viral retinitis is difficult clinically, as it can mimic various kinds of retinitis. The prognosis of the atypical disease is better than other forms of necrotizing retinopathies. A viral etiology must be considered in cases of sightthreatening and atypical posterior uveitis that is unresponsive to conventional corticosteroid treatment.","PeriodicalId":16100,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectiology","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76892521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.29245/2689-9981/2019/2.1139
M. Gajdács
Original article citation: “The concept of an ideal antibiotic: implications for drug design” by Márió Gajdács. Molecules 2019, 24(5), 892; doi: 10.3390/molecules24050892 After the discovery of penicillin by Alexander Flemming in 1928, the landscape of healthcare has changed drastically, and previously lethal infections have become treatable1. However, the emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria is currently a major public health issue affecting patients, healthcare professionals, scientists, drug development companies and government officials alike2. Various bacterial resistance mechanisms have been described, allowing pathogens to evade lethal effects of antibiotics, the most important mechanisms being enzymatic degradation (e.g., β‐lactamases, aminoglycoside‐degrading enzymes), target alteration (e.g., penicillin-binding proteins, bacterial topoisomerases), decreased uptake (porin‐deficient mutants) and overexpression of energy‐dependent efflux pump proteins (e.g., AcrAB-TolC in Enterobacteriaceae)3. Multidrug‐resistant (MDR) bacteria can withstand potentially lethal doses of antibiotics with various chemical structures and mechanisms of action. The World Health Organization (WHO), the European Center for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the US (CDC) have all published reports on the significance of MDR bacteria4. All of these reports concluded that antibiotic resistance is a global issue that may become the major cause of mortality by 2050. So‐called “ESKAPE” bacteria have been described as the most important problem, including E: Enterococcus faecium, S: Staphylococcus aureus or recently Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, K: Klebsiella pneumoniae or recently C: Clostridioides difficile, A: Acinetobacter baumannii, P: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E: Enterobacter spp., or recently Enterobacteriaceae5.
{"title":"Commentary: \"The Development of an Ideal Antibiotic Compound: A Fairy Tale or a Possible Reality?\"","authors":"M. Gajdács","doi":"10.29245/2689-9981/2019/2.1139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29245/2689-9981/2019/2.1139","url":null,"abstract":"Original article citation: “The concept of an ideal antibiotic: implications for drug design” by Márió Gajdács. Molecules 2019, 24(5), 892; doi: 10.3390/molecules24050892 After the discovery of penicillin by Alexander Flemming in 1928, the landscape of healthcare has changed drastically, and previously lethal infections have become treatable1. However, the emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria is currently a major public health issue affecting patients, healthcare professionals, scientists, drug development companies and government officials alike2. Various bacterial resistance mechanisms have been described, allowing pathogens to evade lethal effects of antibiotics, the most important mechanisms being enzymatic degradation (e.g., β‐lactamases, aminoglycoside‐degrading enzymes), target alteration (e.g., penicillin-binding proteins, bacterial topoisomerases), decreased uptake (porin‐deficient mutants) and overexpression of energy‐dependent efflux pump proteins (e.g., AcrAB-TolC in Enterobacteriaceae)3. Multidrug‐resistant (MDR) bacteria can withstand potentially lethal doses of antibiotics with various chemical structures and mechanisms of action. The World Health Organization (WHO), the European Center for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the US (CDC) have all published reports on the significance of MDR bacteria4. All of these reports concluded that antibiotic resistance is a global issue that may become the major cause of mortality by 2050. So‐called “ESKAPE” bacteria have been described as the most important problem, including E: Enterococcus faecium, S: Staphylococcus aureus or recently Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, K: Klebsiella pneumoniae or recently C: Clostridioides difficile, A: Acinetobacter baumannii, P: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E: Enterobacter spp., or recently Enterobacteriaceae5.","PeriodicalId":16100,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectiology","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85781283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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