Pub Date : 2011-11-14DOI: 10.1109/SMFG.2011.6125755
M. Musavi, D. Chamberlain, Qi Li
The integration of a power line sensor network (PLSN) has been proposed to monitor such a utility asset's status for maximizing existing power grid utilization with minimal risk of degradation and for extending the lifetime of said assets. Six USi Power Donut 2 (PD2) devices were used on 115kV transmission lines of a utility partner. The included sensors and wireless data communications system allow for the transmission of data pertinent to determining the ampacity of assets. Combined with techniques laid out in the IEEE 738 Standard, accurate temperature and ampacity predictions can be made, allowing operators to make informed decisions on line utilization.
电力线传感器网络(PLSN)的集成已被提议用于监测此类公用事业资产的状态，以最大限度地提高现有电网的利用率，同时最小化退化风险，并延长所述资产的使用寿命。6台USi Power Donut 2 (PD2)设备用于某公用事业合作伙伴的115kV输电线路。所包括的传感器和无线数据通信系统允许传输与确定资产容量有关的数据。结合IEEE 738标准中列出的技术，可以做出准确的温度和电容量预测，使运营商能够在线路利用方面做出明智的决定。
{"title":"Overhead conductor dynamic thermal rating measurement and prediction","authors":"M. Musavi, D. Chamberlain, Qi Li","doi":"10.1109/SMFG.2011.6125755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SMFG.2011.6125755","url":null,"abstract":"The integration of a power line sensor network (PLSN) has been proposed to monitor such a utility asset's status for maximizing existing power grid utilization with minimal risk of degradation and for extending the lifetime of said assets. Six USi Power Donut 2 (PD2) devices were used on 115kV transmission lines of a utility partner. The included sensors and wireless data communications system allow for the transmission of data pertinent to determining the ampacity of assets. Combined with techniques laid out in the IEEE 738 Standard, accurate temperature and ampacity predictions can be made, allowing operators to make informed decisions on line utilization.","PeriodicalId":161289,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Conference on Smart Measurements of Future Grids (SMFG) Proceedings","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122554643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-11-14DOI: 10.1109/SMFG.2011.6125779
M. Avendano-Mora, J. Milanović
The paper proposes a faster and less memory intensive algorithm to determine the optimal location of monitors for fault location. It is developed to overcome the limitations posed by the integer programming approach when applied to large power systems. The performance of the proposed algorithm is tested in the IEEE 118-bus test system and in a 295-bus generic distribution network. The results of simulations are compared with those obtained with existing methods and show noticeable improvement.
{"title":"A heuristic approach for optimal monitor placement for fault location","authors":"M. Avendano-Mora, J. Milanović","doi":"10.1109/SMFG.2011.6125779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SMFG.2011.6125779","url":null,"abstract":"The paper proposes a faster and less memory intensive algorithm to determine the optimal location of monitors for fault location. It is developed to overcome the limitations posed by the integer programming approach when applied to large power systems. The performance of the proposed algorithm is tested in the IEEE 118-bus test system and in a 295-bus generic distribution network. The results of simulations are compared with those obtained with existing methods and show noticeable improvement.","PeriodicalId":161289,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Conference on Smart Measurements of Future Grids (SMFG) Proceedings","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133773119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-11-14DOI: 10.1109/SMFG.2011.6125757
Qi Li, M. Musavi, D. Chamberlain
This paper presents a neural network approach for predicting dynamic thermal rating of high voltage transmission lines. For the integration of intermittent renewable energy, developing a reliable and accurate measurement tool is important to maximize power line utilization. In this research, distributed Power Donuts have been utilized to collect transmission line thermal and other related information. Along with environmental data such as wind speed and weather ambient temperature, this information has been used for training and testing of a neural network predictor. Due to the inherent non-linearity properties, predicting conductor thermal behavior is extremely complex and challenging. This paper proposes a novel method using a Finite Impulse Response (FIR) and Back Propagation (BP) neural network to predict the conductor thermal behavior. A FIR neural network introduces a short-term memory model, which can mimic the correlation between previous relevant data to the conductor temperature in near future. The BP neural network provides a supervised learning method to train the collected data and performs accurate prediction. A simulation toolkit is developed and experiments are conducted on data collected from real environments. The predicted values for up to one hour have been compared with the IEEE738 standard and the collected data from the power donuts. The outcome indicates accurate prediction and provides an alternative to the existing transmission line thermal measurement methodology.
{"title":"Overhead conductor thermal rating using neural networks","authors":"Qi Li, M. Musavi, D. Chamberlain","doi":"10.1109/SMFG.2011.6125757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SMFG.2011.6125757","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a neural network approach for predicting dynamic thermal rating of high voltage transmission lines. For the integration of intermittent renewable energy, developing a reliable and accurate measurement tool is important to maximize power line utilization. In this research, distributed Power Donuts have been utilized to collect transmission line thermal and other related information. Along with environmental data such as wind speed and weather ambient temperature, this information has been used for training and testing of a neural network predictor. Due to the inherent non-linearity properties, predicting conductor thermal behavior is extremely complex and challenging. This paper proposes a novel method using a Finite Impulse Response (FIR) and Back Propagation (BP) neural network to predict the conductor thermal behavior. A FIR neural network introduces a short-term memory model, which can mimic the correlation between previous relevant data to the conductor temperature in near future. The BP neural network provides a supervised learning method to train the collected data and performs accurate prediction. A simulation toolkit is developed and experiments are conducted on data collected from real environments. The predicted values for up to one hour have been compared with the IEEE738 standard and the collected data from the power donuts. The outcome indicates accurate prediction and provides an alternative to the existing transmission line thermal measurement methodology.","PeriodicalId":161289,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Conference on Smart Measurements of Future Grids (SMFG) Proceedings","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130852214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-11-14DOI: 10.1109/SMFG.2011.6125773
N. Anglani, E. Bassi, F. Benzi, L. Frosini, Tommaso Traino
Digital meters (electricity, gas, water, heating and cooling energy) play a crucial role within the Smart Grid environment. The paper will address the issue of their employment in two ways: i) the different type of counters, each at different stages in their digital implementation, should be able to exploit their computing and communication capabilities to achieve a complete integration of measurements and information, in order to provide a comprehensive energy assessment and added value compared to individual devices, ii) their use and their deployment should be evaluated not only in relation to the possible advantages for distributors and utilities, but also with special attention to the end user and the community, given the key role of the final consumer in achieving energy efficiency. To this aim, the paper will present the latest technological developments of the meter types and will propose a design methodology (architecture and protocols) that makes their integration possible and profitable.
{"title":"Energy smart meters integration in favor of the end user","authors":"N. Anglani, E. Bassi, F. Benzi, L. Frosini, Tommaso Traino","doi":"10.1109/SMFG.2011.6125773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SMFG.2011.6125773","url":null,"abstract":"Digital meters (electricity, gas, water, heating and cooling energy) play a crucial role within the Smart Grid environment. The paper will address the issue of their employment in two ways: i) the different type of counters, each at different stages in their digital implementation, should be able to exploit their computing and communication capabilities to achieve a complete integration of measurements and information, in order to provide a comprehensive energy assessment and added value compared to individual devices, ii) their use and their deployment should be evaluated not only in relation to the possible advantages for distributors and utilities, but also with special attention to the end user and the community, given the key role of the final consumer in achieving energy efficiency. To this aim, the paper will present the latest technological developments of the meter types and will propose a design methodology (architecture and protocols) that makes their integration possible and profitable.","PeriodicalId":161289,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Conference on Smart Measurements of Future Grids (SMFG) Proceedings","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129246566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-11-14DOI: 10.1109/SMFG.2011.6125776
D. Cao, Ivan Andonovic
This paper investigates backbone communications in smart grid based on the application of wide area measurement system. The selection of communication protocols are most affected by the requirements of timing and load profile in the system, and this paper makes a comparison between different communication backbone mediums and propose an optimized protocol to achieve real-time data accessing and retrieving as well as preserving network security and data privacy. Extensive computer simulation has been implemented with Opnet to work out the traffic performance under varying load conditions.
{"title":"Research on backbone communication network in smart grid by using OPNET","authors":"D. Cao, Ivan Andonovic","doi":"10.1109/SMFG.2011.6125776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SMFG.2011.6125776","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates backbone communications in smart grid based on the application of wide area measurement system. The selection of communication protocols are most affected by the requirements of timing and load profile in the system, and this paper makes a comparison between different communication backbone mediums and propose an optimized protocol to achieve real-time data accessing and retrieving as well as preserving network security and data privacy. Extensive computer simulation has been implemented with Opnet to work out the traffic performance under varying load conditions.","PeriodicalId":161289,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Conference on Smart Measurements of Future Grids (SMFG) Proceedings","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124406594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-11-14DOI: 10.1109/SMFG.2011.6125775
A. Sergaki, K. Kalaitzakis
In Smart Grids the design of a common management platform that integrates and coordinates grid protection and business services such as commercial supply-demand matching, is clearly one of the challenges ahead. The work presented in this paper provides a framework of knowledge management mechanisms in order to support a Smart Grid. We present the design and implementation of a platform that supports the knowledge management needs for applications such as power system operations and power system reliability in the Smart Grid environment. Both applications are modeled on the same service oriented platform.
{"title":"A knowledge management platform for supporting Smart Grids based on peer to peer and service oriented architecture technologies","authors":"A. Sergaki, K. Kalaitzakis","doi":"10.1109/SMFG.2011.6125775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SMFG.2011.6125775","url":null,"abstract":"In Smart Grids the design of a common management platform that integrates and coordinates grid protection and business services such as commercial supply-demand matching, is clearly one of the challenges ahead. The work presented in this paper provides a framework of knowledge management mechanisms in order to support a Smart Grid. We present the design and implementation of a platform that supports the knowledge management needs for applications such as power system operations and power system reliability in the Smart Grid environment. Both applications are modeled on the same service oriented platform.","PeriodicalId":161289,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Conference on Smart Measurements of Future Grids (SMFG) Proceedings","volume":"8 Gen Rep 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134090920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-11-14DOI: 10.1109/SMFG.2011.6125770
P. Pegoraro, S. Sulis
Distribution systems are just partially monitored networks. As a consequence, they need ad hoc estimators to evaluate the quantities of interest. Distribution system state estimation (DSSE) is a digital technique capable of processing information from a distribution network. DSSE uses both real time measurements and all a priori information, namely pseudomeasurements, to estimate the status of the system. Typically, DSSE is based on the weighted least squares (WLS) optimization technique. WLS is computationally attractive and efficient but it could be unfit for the uncertainty evaluation, particularly for Smart Grid purposes. An incorrect accuracy estimation for the DSSE results could create decision risks in network management. In particular, this paper faces the problem of uncertainty evaluation in a traditional WLS approach for DSSE with respect to the possible variations in the network parameter values. The results obtained on both a small rural distribution network and a portion of Italian distribution network are presented and discussed.
{"title":"On the uncertainty evaluation in distribution system state estimation","authors":"P. Pegoraro, S. Sulis","doi":"10.1109/SMFG.2011.6125770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SMFG.2011.6125770","url":null,"abstract":"Distribution systems are just partially monitored networks. As a consequence, they need ad hoc estimators to evaluate the quantities of interest. Distribution system state estimation (DSSE) is a digital technique capable of processing information from a distribution network. DSSE uses both real time measurements and all a priori information, namely pseudomeasurements, to estimate the status of the system. Typically, DSSE is based on the weighted least squares (WLS) optimization technique. WLS is computationally attractive and efficient but it could be unfit for the uncertainty evaluation, particularly for Smart Grid purposes. An incorrect accuracy estimation for the DSSE results could create decision risks in network management. In particular, this paper faces the problem of uncertainty evaluation in a traditional WLS approach for DSSE with respect to the possible variations in the network parameter values. The results obtained on both a small rural distribution network and a portion of Italian distribution network are presented and discussed.","PeriodicalId":161289,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Conference on Smart Measurements of Future Grids (SMFG) Proceedings","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128520314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-11-14DOI: 10.1109/SMFG.2011.6125761
A. Roscoe, I. Abdulhadi, G. Burt
While the present standard C.37.118-2005 for Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) requires testing only at steady-state conditions, proposed new versions of the standard require much more stringent testing, involving frequency ramps and off-nominal frequency testing. This paper presents two new algorithms for “P Class” PMUs which enable performance at off-nominal frequencies to be retained at levels comparable to the performance for nominal frequency input. The performances of the algorithms are compared to the “Basic” Synchrophasor Estimation Model described in the new standard. The proposed algorithms show a much better performance than the “Basic” algorithm, particularly in the measurements of frequency and rate-of-change-of-frequency at off-nominal frequencies and in the presence of unbalance and harmonics.
{"title":"P-Class Phasor Measurement Unit algorithms using adaptive filtering to enhance accuracy at off-nominal frequencies","authors":"A. Roscoe, I. Abdulhadi, G. Burt","doi":"10.1109/SMFG.2011.6125761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SMFG.2011.6125761","url":null,"abstract":"While the present standard C.37.118-2005 for Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) requires testing only at steady-state conditions, proposed new versions of the standard require much more stringent testing, involving frequency ramps and off-nominal frequency testing. This paper presents two new algorithms for “P Class” PMUs which enable performance at off-nominal frequencies to be retained at levels comparable to the performance for nominal frequency input. The performances of the algorithms are compared to the “Basic” Synchrophasor Estimation Model described in the new standard. The proposed algorithms show a much better performance than the “Basic” algorithm, particularly in the measurements of frequency and rate-of-change-of-frequency at off-nominal frequencies and in the presence of unbalance and harmonics.","PeriodicalId":161289,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Conference on Smart Measurements of Future Grids (SMFG) Proceedings","volume":"146 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116827596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-11-14DOI: 10.1109/SMFG.2011.6125764
D. Apetrei, R. Neurohr, P. Postolache, I. Silvas, D. Federenciuc, C. Popescu
The scope of this paper is to analyze measurements architecture for a Distribution System Operator (DSO) and to anticipate evolutions determined by Smart Grid implementation. Actual measurements architecture for: control, monitoring, protection, power quality (PQ) and energy transfer is presented with respect of a plan-do-study-action Deming cycle. The Smart Grid impact on today's architecture, considering intensive data flows, and the need of increased accuracy in decision making process is investigated by extracting analog features of the performance measurement architecture of an UNIX system. This analysis leads to considerations on the usefulness of UNIX's UMA (unified measurements architecture) applied to power systems. Practical considerations at node level are made, and main advantages determined by UMA are presented from perspective of PQ measurements and PMU usage. Focusing on layer 3 (data services) of UMA architecture, PQ standards related to measurement requirements in DSO nodes are presented. Based on this an estimation of potential developments is made. Practical application based on PMU is presented to show the usage of cross functionalities. Additionally, solutions based on primary data obtained from half cycle rms voltage and current monitoring are derived,
{"title":"Considerations on using UMA with Smart Grids","authors":"D. Apetrei, R. Neurohr, P. Postolache, I. Silvas, D. Federenciuc, C. Popescu","doi":"10.1109/SMFG.2011.6125764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SMFG.2011.6125764","url":null,"abstract":"The scope of this paper is to analyze measurements architecture for a Distribution System Operator (DSO) and to anticipate evolutions determined by Smart Grid implementation. Actual measurements architecture for: control, monitoring, protection, power quality (PQ) and energy transfer is presented with respect of a plan-do-study-action Deming cycle. The Smart Grid impact on today's architecture, considering intensive data flows, and the need of increased accuracy in decision making process is investigated by extracting analog features of the performance measurement architecture of an UNIX system. This analysis leads to considerations on the usefulness of UNIX's UMA (unified measurements architecture) applied to power systems. Practical considerations at node level are made, and main advantages determined by UMA are presented from perspective of PQ measurements and PMU usage. Focusing on layer 3 (data services) of UMA architecture, PQ standards related to measurement requirements in DSO nodes are presented. Based on this an estimation of potential developments is made. Practical application based on PMU is presented to show the usage of cross functionalities. Additionally, solutions based on primary data obtained from half cycle rms voltage and current monitoring are derived,","PeriodicalId":161289,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Conference on Smart Measurements of Future Grids (SMFG) Proceedings","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116431363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-11-14DOI: 10.1109/SMFG.2011.6125771
B. Sanches, A. F. M. Batista, I. Casella
Much has been advanced in the area of Smart Grids, and such progress has not been bigger only because related technology is usually restricted and often relies on proprietary components. Using the Agent-Based paradigm, we intend to build an open, scalable, interoperable Smart Grid architecture in complaince with the IEEE FIPA specifications. In this paper, we present a model for a remote measurement environment in order to validate the use of agent technology in Smart Grid for Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) systems.
{"title":"Smart Grids for the masses: An Agent-Based system for remote measurement","authors":"B. Sanches, A. F. M. Batista, I. Casella","doi":"10.1109/SMFG.2011.6125771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SMFG.2011.6125771","url":null,"abstract":"Much has been advanced in the area of Smart Grids, and such progress has not been bigger only because related technology is usually restricted and often relies on proprietary components. Using the Agent-Based paradigm, we intend to build an open, scalable, interoperable Smart Grid architecture in complaince with the IEEE FIPA specifications. In this paper, we present a model for a remote measurement environment in order to validate the use of agent technology in Smart Grid for Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) systems.","PeriodicalId":161289,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Conference on Smart Measurements of Future Grids (SMFG) Proceedings","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114592994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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