Andreas Ruppen, J. Pasquier-Rocha, Sonja Meyer, A. Rüedlinger
Model Driven Architectures are the holy grail of software engineering. Instead of writing code, developers draw models from the client's specification, which are then compiled into executable code (skeletons). We have taken this principle and applied it to the WoT. With the help of a meta-model tailored for the WoT we are able to build models to simultaneously take care of the physical and virtual aspects of smart devices. These models can then automatically be turned into code skeletons. The emphasis in the meta-model and its associated tools is reusability. Following the software engineering principle of independent reusable and deployable components, the outcome of the meta-model compiler are WoT compliant components.
{"title":"A component based approach for the Web of Things","authors":"Andreas Ruppen, J. Pasquier-Rocha, Sonja Meyer, A. Rüedlinger","doi":"10.1145/2834791.2834792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2834791.2834792","url":null,"abstract":"Model Driven Architectures are the holy grail of software engineering. Instead of writing code, developers draw models from the client's specification, which are then compiled into executable code (skeletons). We have taken this principle and applied it to the WoT. With the help of a meta-model tailored for the WoT we are able to build models to simultaneously take care of the physical and virtual aspects of smart devices. These models can then automatically be turned into code skeletons. The emphasis in the meta-model and its associated tools is reusability. Following the software engineering principle of independent reusable and deployable components, the outcome of the meta-model compiler are WoT compliant components.","PeriodicalId":161745,"journal":{"name":"Workshop on Web of Things","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129747103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Liechti, Laurent Prévost, V. Delaye, J. Hennebert, Vincent Grivel, Jean-Philippe Rey, Jonathan Depraz, Marc Sommer
This paper presents the iFLUX middleware, designed to provide a lightweight integration solution for Smart City applications. Based on three core abstractions, namely event sources, action targets and rules, iFLUX makes it very easy to expose sensors and actuators through REST APIs so that they can be integrated in application-level workflows. Sensors and actuators can be smart objects integrating hardware and software, but can also be pure software services. In the paper, we introduce the iFLUX programming model and describe how it has been implemented in a middleware platform. We also report on how the platform has been used and evaluated in various contexts. While iFLUX has been initially designed in the context of Smart City applications, it is generic and applicable to other domains where hardware and software components are connected through the Web.
{"title":"Enabling reactive cities with the iFLUX middleware","authors":"O. Liechti, Laurent Prévost, V. Delaye, J. Hennebert, Vincent Grivel, Jean-Philippe Rey, Jonathan Depraz, Marc Sommer","doi":"10.1145/2834791.2834794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2834791.2834794","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the iFLUX middleware, designed to provide a lightweight integration solution for Smart City applications. Based on three core abstractions, namely event sources, action targets and rules, iFLUX makes it very easy to expose sensors and actuators through REST APIs so that they can be integrated in application-level workflows. Sensors and actuators can be smart objects integrating hardware and software, but can also be pure software services. In the paper, we introduce the iFLUX programming model and describe how it has been implemented in a middleware platform. We also report on how the platform has been used and evaluated in various contexts. While iFLUX has been initially designed in the context of Smart City applications, it is generic and applicable to other domains where hardware and software components are connected through the Web.","PeriodicalId":161745,"journal":{"name":"Workshop on Web of Things","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114410044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Miclaus, Jack Unseld, Alexandru Miclaus, Matthias Berning, T. Riedel, M. Beigl
While almost any device today may have a virtual representation, the web itself is not yet a very physical experience. Bringing proven spatial interaction and ubiquitous computing paradigms to life using current web technology, we designed IndianaJS, a JavaScript framework to add a physical browsing experience to any Web of Things content. The evaluation of the IoT-Radar, built on top of our library, shows that web-based hyper-reality can still achieve a unique user experience 15 years after the first implementations.
{"title":"IndianaJS: Building spatially aware web sites for the Web of Things","authors":"A. Miclaus, Jack Unseld, Alexandru Miclaus, Matthias Berning, T. Riedel, M. Beigl","doi":"10.1145/2834791.2834796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2834791.2834796","url":null,"abstract":"While almost any device today may have a virtual representation, the web itself is not yet a very physical experience. Bringing proven spatial interaction and ubiquitous computing paradigms to life using current web technology, we designed IndianaJS, a JavaScript framework to add a physical browsing experience to any Web of Things content. The evaluation of the IoT-Radar, built on top of our library, shows that web-based hyper-reality can still achieve a unique user experience 15 years after the first implementations.","PeriodicalId":161745,"journal":{"name":"Workshop on Web of Things","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114306096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we aim at tools for the development of applications for the Internet of things. We consider mashup tools, which can model the data flow between applications and devices in a graphical way. We present a first approach to model generic components in mashup tools for IoT systems, which represent a set of sensors and actuators. We introduce and compare different approaches for operations on such generic components. In particular, we propose an extension of mashup tools with 1:n relations, which models a set of resources in a concise way. Then, we discuss how operations can be conducted in a simple and concise way based on RESTful operations.
{"title":"Generic Operations on RESTful Resources in Mashup Tools","authors":"C. Prehofer, D. Schinner","doi":"10.1145/2834791.2834795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2834791.2834795","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we aim at tools for the development of applications for the Internet of things. We consider mashup tools, which can model the data flow between applications and devices in a graphical way. We present a first approach to model generic components in mashup tools for IoT systems, which represent a set of sensors and actuators. We introduce and compare different approaches for operations on such generic components. In particular, we propose an extension of mashup tools with 1:n relations, which models a set of resources in a concise way. Then, we discuss how operations can be conducted in a simple and concise way based on RESTful operations.","PeriodicalId":161745,"journal":{"name":"Workshop on Web of Things","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132158148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As users and developers have started to put the Internet of Things to good use, the approach of documenting applications has not evolved to handle the created complexity. As items, devices and systems become more customizable and adapted to their users, their documentation still lags behind. In particular, documentation covering the contextual behaviour and specific configuration of artifacts is needed. We design a system that leverages semantic web technologies to create smart documentation on the basis of model based system descriptions and heterogeneous data sources, which are needed to create valuable and up-to-date documentation. Based on two scenarios we show the benefits for both the development cycle and the user experience of Web of Things applications. The paper presents a mashup of Internet of Things, model driven development, semantic web and HTML5 MVC technologies for generating context-sensitive documentation.
{"title":"Semantic Web Based Context-Adaptable Generation of Product Specific Documentation","authors":"A. Miclaus, T. Riedel, Jack Unseld, M. Beigl","doi":"10.1145/2684432.2684435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2684432.2684435","url":null,"abstract":"As users and developers have started to put the Internet of Things to good use, the approach of documenting applications has not evolved to handle the created complexity. As items, devices and systems become more customizable and adapted to their users, their documentation still lags behind. In particular, documentation covering the contextual behaviour and specific configuration of artifacts is needed.\u0000 We design a system that leverages semantic web technologies to create smart documentation on the basis of model based system descriptions and heterogeneous data sources, which are needed to create valuable and up-to-date documentation.\u0000 Based on two scenarios we show the benefits for both the development cycle and the user experience of Web of Things applications. The paper presents a mashup of Internet of Things, model driven development, semantic web and HTML5 MVC technologies for generating context-sensitive documentation.","PeriodicalId":161745,"journal":{"name":"Workshop on Web of Things","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123904833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Web of Things is about extending the Internet of Things concept beyond the connection of things and considering issues like heterogeneity, scalability, and usability with respect to pervasive computing. The goal of this initiative is to reuse the architectural principles that made the Web successful and apply them to smart devices, thereby making real-world objects first-class citizens of the Web. The approach taken by the Web of Things initiative is to look at the problems and research issues that emerge when considering the interaction of heterogeneous devices within composite applications. Continuing the successful Web of Things workshop series, this workshop aims at further exploring the use of technologies and principles at the core of the Web to provide methods for a seamless integration of physical devices. In particular, our goal is to foster discussion on systems towards a real-time Web of Things and the discovery, search, and composition of services that are provided by Web-enabled devices.
{"title":"WoT 2014: Fifth International Workshop on the Web of Things","authors":"S. Mayer, D. Guinard, V. Trifa, Erik Wilde","doi":"10.1145/2684432.2684433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2684432.2684433","url":null,"abstract":"The Web of Things is about extending the Internet of Things concept beyond the connection of things and considering issues like heterogeneity, scalability, and usability with respect to pervasive computing. The goal of this initiative is to reuse the architectural principles that made the Web successful and apply them to smart devices, thereby making real-world objects first-class citizens of the Web. The approach taken by the Web of Things initiative is to look at the problems and research issues that emerge when considering the interaction of heterogeneous devices within composite applications. Continuing the successful Web of Things workshop series, this workshop aims at further exploring the use of technologies and principles at the core of the Web to provide methods for a seamless integration of physical devices. In particular, our goal is to foster discussion on systems towards a real-time Web of Things and the discovery, search, and composition of services that are provided by Web-enabled devices.","PeriodicalId":161745,"journal":{"name":"Workshop on Web of Things","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132919313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Data storage has become a major topic in sensor networks as large quantities of data need to be archived for future processing. In this paper, we present a cloud storage solution benefiting from the available memory on smart things becoming data nodes. In-network storage reduces the heavy traffic resulting of the transmission of all the data to an outside central sink. The system built on agents allows an autonomous management of the cloud and therefore requires no human in the loop. It also makes an intensive use of Web technologies to follow the clear trend of sensors adopting the Web-of-Things paradigm. Further, we make a performance evaluation demonstrating its suitability in building management systems.
{"title":"A Scalable Cloud Storage for Sensor Networks","authors":"Gérôme Bovet, Gautier Briard, J. Hennebert","doi":"10.1145/2684432.2684437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2684432.2684437","url":null,"abstract":"Data storage has become a major topic in sensor networks as large quantities of data need to be archived for future processing. In this paper, we present a cloud storage solution benefiting from the available memory on smart things becoming data nodes. In-network storage reduces the heavy traffic resulting of the transmission of all the data to an outside central sink. The system built on agents allows an autonomous management of the cloud and therefore requires no human in the loop. It also makes an intensive use of Web technologies to follow the clear trend of sensors adopting the Web-of-Things paradigm. Further, we make a performance evaluation demonstrating its suitability in building management systems.","PeriodicalId":161745,"journal":{"name":"Workshop on Web of Things","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114501986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices, especially sensors are producing large quantities of data that can be used for gathering knowledge. In this field, machine learning technologies are increasingly used to build versatile data-driven models. In this paper, we present a novel architecture able to execute machine learning algorithms within the sensor network, presenting advantages in terms of privacy and data transfer efficiency. We first argument that some classes of machine learning algorithms are compatible with this approach, namely based on the use of generative models that allow a distribution of the computation on a set of nodes. We then detail our architecture proposal, leveraging on the use of Web-of-Things technologies to ease integration into networks. The convergence of machine learning generative models and Web-of-Things paradigms leads us to the concept of virtual things exposing higher level knowledge by exploiting sensor data in the network. Finally, we demonstrate with a real scenario the feasibility and performances of our proposal.
{"title":"Virtual Things for Machine Learning Applications","authors":"Gérôme Bovet, A. Ridi, J. Hennebert","doi":"10.1145/2684432.2684434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2684432.2684434","url":null,"abstract":"Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices, especially sensors are producing large quantities of data that can be used for gathering knowledge. In this field, machine learning technologies are increasingly used to build versatile data-driven models. In this paper, we present a novel architecture able to execute machine learning algorithms within the sensor network, presenting advantages in terms of privacy and data transfer efficiency. We first argument that some classes of machine learning algorithms are compatible with this approach, namely based on the use of generative models that allow a distribution of the computation on a set of nodes. We then detail our architecture proposal, leveraging on the use of Web-of-Things technologies to ease integration into networks. The convergence of machine learning generative models and Web-of-Things paradigms leads us to the concept of virtual things exposing higher level knowledge by exploiting sensor data in the network. Finally, we demonstrate with a real scenario the feasibility and performances of our proposal.","PeriodicalId":161745,"journal":{"name":"Workshop on Web of Things","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128875298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Several web-based platforms have emerged to ease the development of interactive or near real-time IoT applications by providing a way to connect things and services together and process the data they emit using a data flow paradigm. While these platforms have been found to be useful on their own, many IoT scenarios require the coordination of computing resources across the network: on servers, gateways and devices themselves. To address this, we explore how to extend existing IoT data flow platforms to create a system suitable for execution on a range of run time environments, toward supporting distributed IoT programs that can be partitioned between servers, gateways and devices. Eventually we aim to automate the distribution of data flows using appropriate distribution mechanism, and optimization heuristics based on participating resource capabilities and constraints imposed by the developer.
{"title":"Toward a Distributed Data Flow Platform for the Web of Things (Distributed Node-RED)","authors":"Michael Blackstock, R. Lea","doi":"10.1145/2684432.2684439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2684432.2684439","url":null,"abstract":"Several web-based platforms have emerged to ease the development of interactive or near real-time IoT applications by providing a way to connect things and services together and process the data they emit using a data flow paradigm. While these platforms have been found to be useful on their own, many IoT scenarios require the coordination of computing resources across the network: on servers, gateways and devices themselves. To address this, we explore how to extend existing IoT data flow platforms to create a system suitable for execution on a range of run time environments, toward supporting distributed IoT programs that can be partitioned between servers, gateways and devices. Eventually we aim to automate the distribution of data flows using appropriate distribution mechanism, and optimization heuristics based on participating resource capabilities and constraints imposed by the developer.","PeriodicalId":161745,"journal":{"name":"Workshop on Web of Things","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129015375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Robert Kleinfeld, S. Steglich, Lukasz Radziwonowicz, C. Doukas
Internet of Things (IoT) is a trending topic. Market analysts predict a large growth of the entire IoT market with an explosion of new products. In this paper, we argue how the data of these devices can be connected in an efficient and extensible way. For this purpose, we present glue.things a mashup platform for wiring data of Web-enabled IoT devices and Web services. The work carried out in this paper addresses concepts and technologies that are referred as "web-friendly IoT technologies". We elaborate aspects of device integration, real-time communication and data stream mashups. These aspects are discussed on features and technologies of the prototype implementation glue.things.
{"title":"glue.things: a Mashup Platform for wiring the Internet of Things with the Internet of Services","authors":"Robert Kleinfeld, S. Steglich, Lukasz Radziwonowicz, C. Doukas","doi":"10.1145/2684432.2684436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2684432.2684436","url":null,"abstract":"Internet of Things (IoT) is a trending topic. Market analysts predict a large growth of the entire IoT market with an explosion of new products. In this paper, we argue how the data of these devices can be connected in an efficient and extensible way. For this purpose, we present glue.things a mashup platform for wiring data of Web-enabled IoT devices and Web services. The work carried out in this paper addresses concepts and technologies that are referred as \"web-friendly IoT technologies\". We elaborate aspects of device integration, real-time communication and data stream mashups. These aspects are discussed on features and technologies of the prototype implementation glue.things.","PeriodicalId":161745,"journal":{"name":"Workshop on Web of Things","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127920637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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