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Arterial aneurysm and dissection: toward the evolving phenotype of Tatton-Brown-Rahman syndrome. 动脉瘤和夹层:Tatton-Brown-Rahman 综合征表型的演变。
IF 3.5 2区 医学 Q2 GENETICS & HEREDITY Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.1136/jmg-2024-109861
Vicken Totten, Gisela Teixido-Tura, Fermina Lopez-Grondona, Paula Fernandez-Alvarez, Amaia Lasa-Aranzasti, Patricia Muñoz-Cabello, Rika Kosaki, Eduardo F Tizzano, Wendy Dewals, Emma Borràs, Elena Gonzalez Cañas, Berta Almoguera, Bart Loeys, Irene Valenzuena

Background: Tatton-Brown-Rahman syndrome (TBRS) is a rare disorder, caused by DNMT3A heterozygous pathogenic variants, and first described in 2014. TBRS is characterised by overgrowth, intellectual disability, facial dysmorphism, hypotonia and musculoskeletal features, as well as neurological and psychiatric features. Cardiac manifestations have also been reported, mainly congenital malformations such as atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect and cardiac valvular disease. Aortic dilatation has rarely been described.

Methods: Here we have undertaken a detailed clinical and molecular description of eight previously unreported individuals, who had TBRS and arterial dilatation and/or dissection, mainly thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA). We have also reviewed the seven previously published cases of TAA in individuals with TBRS to try to better delineate the vascular phenotype and to determine specific follow-up for this condition.

Results: We include eight new patients with TBRS who presented with arterial aneurysms mainly involving aorta. Three of these patients presented with dissection that required critical surgery.

Conclusions: Arterial aneurysms and dissections are a potentially lethal, age-dependent manifestation. The prevalence of aortic disease in individuals with TBRS is far in excess of that expected in the general population. This cohort, together with individuals previously published, illustrates the importance to consider dilatation/dissection, mainly in aorta but also in other arteries. Arterial vascular weakness may therefore also be a cardinal feature of TBRS and vascular surveillance is recommended.

背景:塔顿-布朗-拉赫曼综合征(TBRS)是一种罕见疾病,由 DNMT3A 杂合致病变异引起,于 2014 年首次被描述。塔顿-布朗-拉赫曼综合征的特征是发育过度、智力障碍、面部畸形、肌张力低下、肌肉骨骼特征以及神经和精神特征。心脏表现也有报道,主要是先天性畸形,如房间隔缺损、室间隔缺损和心脏瓣膜病。方法:在此,我们对以前未报道过的 8 例 TBRS 和动脉扩张和/或夹层(主要是胸主动脉瘤 (TAA))患者进行了详细的临床和分子描述。我们还回顾了之前发表的七例患有 TBRS 的 TAA 病例,试图更好地描述血管表型,并确定该病症的具体后续治疗方案:我们纳入了八名新的 TBRS 患者,他们主要表现为涉及主动脉的动脉瘤。其中三名患者出现夹层,需要进行重症手术:结论:动脉瘤和动脉夹层是一种潜在的致命疾病,与年龄有关。主动脉疾病在 TBRS 患者中的发病率远高于普通人群。这组病例以及之前发表的病例说明,考虑主动脉扩张/横断的重要性,主要是主动脉扩张/横断,但也包括其他动脉扩张/横断。因此,动脉血管衰弱也可能是 TBRS 的一个主要特征,建议进行血管监测。
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引用次数: 0
Next-generation sequencing in Charcot-Marie-Tooth: a proposal for improvement of ACMG guidelines for variant evaluation. Charcot-Marie-Tooth 的下一代测序:关于改进 ACMG 变异评估指南的建议。
IF 3.5 2区 医学 Q2 GENETICS & HEREDITY Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.1136/jmg-2024-110019
Alessandro Geroldi, Alessia Mammi, Andrea Gaudio, Serena Patrone, Andrea La Barbera, Paola Origone, Clarissa Ponti, Francesca Sanguineri, Sara Massucco, Lucio Marinelli, Marina Grandis, Angelo Schenone, Paola Mandich, Emilia Bellone, Fabio Gotta

Background: The application of massive parallel sequencing technologies in the molecular analysis of Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) has enabled the rapid and cost-effective identification of numerous potentially significant variants for diagnostic purposes. The objective is to reduce the number of variants, focusing only on those with pathogenic significance. The 2015 American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) guidelines aid in achieving this goal, but it is now evident that a pathology or gene-specific review of these rules is essential to avoid misinterpretations that may result from blindly applying the criteria. This study demonstrates how revised ACMG criteria, combined with CMT-specific literature data and expertise, can alter the final classification of a variant.

Methods: We reviewed ACMG criteria based on current knowledge of CMT and provided suggestions for adapting them to the specificities of CMT.

Results: Of the 226 index patients analysed, a diagnostic yield of 20% was obtained. It is worth noting that the 9% of cases had their final diagnosis changed with the application of the revised criteria, often resulting in the loss of the pathogenic classification of a variant.

Conclusions: The widespread availability of high-throughput sequencing technologies has enabled genetic testing even for laboratories without specific disease expertise. Disease-specific ACMG criteria can be a valuable tool to prevent the proliferation of variants of uncertain significance and the misinterpretation of variants.

背景:大规模并行测序技术在 Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) 分子分析中的应用,能够快速、经济地鉴定出大量潜在的重要变异,用于诊断目的。我们的目标是减少变异体的数量,只关注那些具有致病意义的变异体。2015 年美国医学遗传学和基因组学学院(ACMG)指南有助于实现这一目标,但现在显而易见的是,对这些规则进行病理学或基因特异性审查至关重要,以避免盲目应用标准可能导致的误读。本研究展示了修订后的 ACMG 标准如何与 CMT 特异性文献数据和专业知识相结合,从而改变变异体的最终分类:方法:我们根据目前对 CMT 的了解对 ACMG 标准进行了回顾,并提出了根据 CMT 的特殊性对其进行调整的建议:结果:在分析的 226 例指数患者中,诊断率为 20%。值得注意的是,有 9% 的病例在应用修订后的标准后最终诊断发生了改变,这往往导致变异型病原体分类的缺失:结论:高通量测序技术的普及使没有特定疾病专业知识的实验室也能进行基因检测。针对特定疾病的 ACMG 标准是防止意义不确定的变异体扩散和误读变异体的重要工具。
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引用次数: 0
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients with various gene mutations show diverse motor phenotypes and survival in China. 在中国,各种基因突变的肌萎缩侧索硬化症患者表现出不同的运动表型和存活率。
IF 3.5 2区 医学 Q2 GENETICS & HEREDITY Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.1136/jmg-2024-109909
Qirui Jiang, Junyu Lin, Qianqian Wei, Tianmi Yang, Yanbing Hou, Lingyu Zhang, Ruwei Ou, Yi Xiao, Shichan Wang, Xiaoting Zheng, Chunyu Li, Huifang Shang

Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder characterised by progressive degeneration of motor neurons. Genetic factors have a substantial impact on ALS. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the correlation between genotype (SOD1, TARDBP, FUS, C9orf72) and phenotype in ALS.

Methods: Genetic analysis was performed on 2038 patients with ALS, among which 1696 patients with sporadic ALS (SALS) as controls for genotype-phenotype analysis, and 1602 SALS as controls for survival analysis. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models were used for statistical analysis.

Results: A total of 172 patients with ALS with the gene mutations were included in the statistical analysis (SOD1, n=65; FUS, n=43; TARDBP, n=27; C9orf72, n=37). SOD1 mutations were more frequent in flail leg phenotype (OR 7.317, p=0.001) and less in bulbar phenotype (OR 0.222, p=0.038). C9orf72 expansions exhibited higher frequency in bulbar phenotype (OR 2.770, p=0.008). SOD1 and FUS mutations were significantly associated with earlier age of onset (HR 2.039, p<0.001; HR 1.762, p=0.001). The patients with SOD1 mutations, C9orf72 expansions and those carrying pathogenic FUS mutations had significantly increased death risk (HR 2.217, p<0.001; HR 1.694, p=0.008; HR 1.652, p=0.036). The increased risk of death in ALS with C9orf72 expansions was significant in females (HR 2.419, p=0.014) but not in males (HR 1.442, p=0.128).

Conclusion: Our study revealed distinct motor phenotypic tendencies in patients with ALS with different genotypes, indicating variations in the vulnerability of motor neurons during the disease's progression. Furthermore, we made novel discoveries regarding survival of different gene mutations, warranting further investigation.

背景:肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症(ALS)是一种以运动神经元进行性变性为特征的破坏性神经退行性疾病。遗传因素对 ALS 有重大影响。因此,本研究旨在探讨 ALS 基因型(SOD1、TARDBP、FUS、C9orf72)与表型之间的相关性:对2038名ALS患者进行了基因分析,其中1696名散发性ALS(SALS)患者作为基因型-表型分析的对照,1602名SALS患者作为生存分析的对照。统计分析采用逻辑回归和考克斯比例危险模型:共有172名基因突变的ALS患者纳入统计分析(SOD1,n=65;FUS,n=43;TARDBP,n=27;C9orf72,n=37)。SOD1突变在小腿外翻表型中更为常见(OR 7.317,P=0.001),而在球部表型中则较少(OR 0.222,P=0.038)。C9orf72扩增在球部表型中出现的频率较高(OR 2.770,P=0.008)。SOD1和FUS突变与较早的发病年龄显著相关(HR 2.039,pSOD1突变、C9orf72扩增和携带致病性FUS突变者的死亡风险显著增加(HR 2.217,pC9orf72扩增在女性中显著(HR 2.419,p=0.014),但在男性中不显著(HR 1.442,p=0.128)):我们的研究揭示了不同基因型 ALS 患者的不同运动表型倾向,这表明在疾病进展过程中运动神经元的脆弱性存在差异。此外,我们还对不同基因突变的存活率有了新的发现,值得进一步研究。
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引用次数: 0
Complex structural variation and nonsense variant in trans cause VPS50-related disorder. 反式中的复杂结构变异和无义变异导致与 VPS50 有关的疾病。
IF 3.5 2区 医学 Q2 GENETICS & HEREDITY Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.1136/jmg-2024-109983
Laura Hecher, Esther Gorski-Alberts, Matthias Begemann, Johanna Herwig, Eva Lausberg, Georg Hillebrand, Alexander E Volk, Ingo Kurth, Florian Kraft, Kerstin Kutsche

Homozygous VPS50 variants have been previously described in two unrelated patients with a neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, seizures and neonatal cholestasis. VPS50 encodes a subunit that is unique to the heterotetrameric endosome-associated recycling protein (EARP) complex. The other subunits of the EARP complex, such as VPS51, VPS52 and VPS53, are also shared by the Golgi-associated retrograde protein complex. We report on an 18-month-old female patient with biallelic VPS50 variants. She carried a paternally inherited heterozygous nonsense c.13A>T; p.(Lys5*) variant. By long-read genome sequencing, we characterised a structural variant with a 4.3 Mb inversion flanked by deletions at both breakpoints on the maternal allele. The ~428 kb deletion at the telomeric inversion breakpoint encompasses the entire VPS50 gene. We demonstrated a deficiency of VPS50 in patient-derived fibroblasts, confirming the loss-of-function nature of both VPS50 variants. VPS53 and VPS52 protein levels were significantly reduced and absent, respectively, in fibroblasts of the patient. These data show that VPS50 and/or EARP deficiency and the associated functional defects underlie the phenotype in patients with VPS50 pathogenic variants. The VPS50-related core phenotype comprises severe developmental delay, postnatal microcephaly, hypoplastic corpus callosum, neonatal low gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase cholestasis and failure to thrive. The disease is potentially fatal in early childhood.

在两名患有神经发育障碍(小头畸形、癫痫发作和新生儿胆汁淤积症)的无亲属关系的患者中,曾发现过同源的 VPS50 变体。VPS50 编码的亚基是杂四聚体内膜相关再循环蛋白(EARP)复合物所独有的。EARP 复合物的其他亚基,如 VPS51、VPS52 和 VPS53,也与高尔基相关逆行蛋白复合物共享。我们报告了一名 18 个月大的女性患者,她患有双倍性 VPS50 变异。她携带父系遗传的杂合无义 c.13A>T; p.(Lys5*) 变异。通过长线程基因组测序,我们确定了一个结构变异的特征,即母系等位基因的两个断点都有缺失,侧翼有一个 4.3 Mb 的反转。端粒反转断点处的 ~428 kb 缺失包括整个 VPS50 基因。我们在患者来源的成纤维细胞中证实了 VPS50 的缺失,从而证实了这两种 VPS50 变体的功能缺失性质。患者成纤维细胞中的 VPS53 和 VPS52 蛋白水平分别显著降低和缺失。这些数据表明,VPS50和/或EARP缺乏及相关功能缺陷是VPS50致病变体患者表型的基础。VPS50 相关核心表型包括严重发育迟缓、产后小头畸形、胼胝体发育不全、新生儿低γ-谷氨酰转肽酶胆汁淤积症和发育不良。该病在幼儿期可能致命。
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引用次数: 0
IFIH1 variants are associated with generalised epilepsy preceded by febrile seizures. IFIH1 变异与发热性癫痫发作前的全身性癫痫有关。
IF 3.5 2区 医学 Q2 GENETICS & HEREDITY Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.1136/jmg-2024-109950
Wang Song, Wen-Jun Bian, Hua Li, Qing-Hui Guo, Jie Wang, Bin Tang, Jia-Yuan Zhang, Wei Wei, Xiao-Rong Liu, Wei-Ping Liao, Bin Li, Na He

Background: IFIH1 variants have been reported to be associated with immune-related disorders with/without seizures. It is unknown whether IFIH1 variants are associated with common epilepsy without acquired causes and the mechanism underlying phenotypic variation remains elusive.

Methods: Trio-based whole-exome sequencing was performed on patients with febrile seizures or epilepsy with antecedent febrile seizures. Previously reported variants were systematically reviewed to investigate genotype-phenotype associations.

Results: Two de novo heterozygous and three biallelic missense variants were identified in five patients with generalised epilepsy with antecedent febrile seizures. The variants were predicted to be damaging by in silico tools and were associated with hydrogen bonding changes to neighbouring amino acids or decreased protein stability. Patients exhibited an early onset age and became seizure-free with favourable outcome. Further analysis revealed that de novo missense variants located in the Hel region resulted in seizures with multiple neurological abnormalities, while those in the pincer domain or C-terminal domain led to seizures with normal neurodevelopment, suggesting a sub-molecular effect. Biallelic missense variants, which were inherited from unaffected parents and presented low allele frequencies in general populations, were associated with seizures without neurological abnormalities. Truncation variants were related to refractory epilepsy and severe developmental delay, suggesting a genotype-phenotype correlation. IFIH1 is predominantly expressed in the neonatal stage and decreases dramatically in the adulthood, which is consistent with the early onset age and favourable outcome of the patients.

Conclusions: IFIH1 variants are potentially associated with generalised epilepsy with antecedent febrile seizures. The sub-molecular implication and genotype-phenotype association help explain phenotype variations of IFIH1 variants.

背景:据报道,IFIH1变异与伴有/不伴有癫痫发作的免疫相关疾病有关。目前尚不清楚IFIH1变异是否与无后天原因的常见癫痫有关,表型变异的机制也仍未确定:方法:对发热性癫痫发作患者或有先兆发热性癫痫发作的癫痫患者进行了基于三重全外显子组测序。方法:对发热性癫痫发作患者或先兆发热性癫痫发作的癫痫患者进行了基于三重全外显子组测序,并系统回顾了之前报道的变异,以研究基因型与表型的关联:结果:在五名先有发热性癫痫发作的全身性癫痫患者中发现了两个新发杂合变异和三个双叶错义变异。硅学工具预测这些变异具有损伤性,并与邻近氨基酸的氢键变化或蛋白质稳定性降低有关。患者的发病年龄较早,且无癫痫发作,预后良好。进一步的分析表明,位于Hel区域的从头错义变异会导致癫痫发作和多种神经系统异常,而位于钳状结构域或C-末端结构域的错义变异则会导致癫痫发作和正常的神经发育,这表明存在亚分子效应。双拷贝错义变体是从未受影响的父母那里遗传来的,在一般人群中等位基因频率较低,与无神经系统异常的癫痫发作有关。截断变异与难治性癫痫和严重发育迟缓有关,这表明基因型与表型之间存在相关性。IFIH1主要在新生儿期表达,成年后急剧下降,这与患者的早期发病年龄和良好的预后是一致的:结论:IFIH1变体可能与先兆发热性癫痫发作的全身性癫痫有关。IFIH1变体的亚分子影响和基因型-表型关联有助于解释IFIH1变体的表型变化。
{"title":"<i>IFIH1</i> variants are associated with generalised epilepsy preceded by febrile seizures.","authors":"Wang Song, Wen-Jun Bian, Hua Li, Qing-Hui Guo, Jie Wang, Bin Tang, Jia-Yuan Zhang, Wei Wei, Xiao-Rong Liu, Wei-Ping Liao, Bin Li, Na He","doi":"10.1136/jmg-2024-109950","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jmg-2024-109950","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>IFIH1</i> variants have been reported to be associated with immune-related disorders with/without seizures. It is unknown whether <i>IFIH1</i> variants are associated with common epilepsy without acquired causes and the mechanism underlying phenotypic variation remains elusive.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Trio-based whole-exome sequencing was performed on patients with febrile seizures or epilepsy with antecedent febrile seizures. Previously reported variants were systematically reviewed to investigate genotype-phenotype associations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two de novo heterozygous and three biallelic missense variants were identified in five patients with generalised epilepsy with antecedent febrile seizures. The variants were predicted to be damaging by in silico tools and were associated with hydrogen bonding changes to neighbouring amino acids or decreased protein stability. Patients exhibited an early onset age and became seizure-free with favourable outcome. Further analysis revealed that de novo missense variants located in the Hel region resulted in seizures with multiple neurological abnormalities, while those in the pincer domain or C-terminal domain led to seizures with normal neurodevelopment, suggesting a sub-molecular effect. Biallelic missense variants, which were inherited from unaffected parents and presented low allele frequencies in general populations, were associated with seizures without neurological abnormalities. Truncation variants were related to refractory epilepsy and severe developmental delay, suggesting a genotype-phenotype correlation. <i>IFIH1</i> is predominantly expressed in the neonatal stage and decreases dramatically in the adulthood, which is consistent with the early onset age and favourable outcome of the patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong><i>IFIH1</i> variants are potentially associated with generalised epilepsy with antecedent febrile seizures. The sub-molecular implication and genotype-phenotype association help explain phenotype variations of <i>IFIH1</i> variants.</p>","PeriodicalId":16237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Genetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11420756/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141534597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Estimating cancer risk in carriers of Lynch syndrome variants in UK Biobank. 估算英国生物数据库中林奇综合征变异携带者的癌症风险。
IF 3.5 2区 医学 Q2 GENETICS & HEREDITY Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.1136/jmg-2023-109791
Eilidh Fummey, Pau Navarro, John-Paul Plazzer, Ian M Frayling, Sara Knott, Albert Tenesa

BackgroundLynch syndrome (LS) is an inherited cancer predisposition syndrome caused by genetic variants affecting DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2 Cancer risk in LS is estimated from cohorts of individuals ascertained by individual or family history of cancer, which may upwardly bias estimates.

Methods: 830 carriers of pathogenic or likely pathogenic (path_MMR) MMR gene variants classified by InSiGHT were identified in 454 756 UK Biobank (UKB) participants using whole-exome sequence. Nelson-Aalen survival analysis was used to estimate cumulative incidence of colorectal, endometrial and breast cancer (BC).

Results: Cumulative incidence of colorectal and endometrial cancer (EC) by age 70 years was elevated in path_MMR carriers compared with non-carriers (colorectal: 11.8% (95% confidence interval (CI): 9.5% to 14.6%) vs 1.7% (95% CI: 1.6% to 1.7%), endometrial: 13.4% (95% CI: 10.2% to 17.6%) vs 1.0% (95% CI: 0.9% to 1.0%)), but the magnitude of this increase differed between genes. Cumulative BC incidence by age 70 years was not elevated in path_MMR carriers compared with non-carriers (8.9% (95% CI: 6.3% to 12.4%) vs 7.5% (95% CI: 7.4% to 7.6%)). Cumulative cancer incidence estimates in UKB were similar to estimates from the Prospective Lynch Syndrome Database for all genes and cancers, except there was no evidence for elevated EC risk in carriers of pathogenic PMS2 variants in UKB.

Conclusion: These results support offering incidentally identified carriers of any path_MMR surveillance to manage colorectal cancer risk. Incidentally identified carriers of pathogenic variants in MLH1, MSH2 and MSH6 would also benefit from interventions to reduce EC risk. The results suggest that BC is not an LS-related cancer.

背景林奇综合征(LS)是一种遗传性癌症易感综合征,由影响 DNA 错配修复(MMR)基因 MLH1、MSH2、MSH6 和 PMS2 的遗传变异引起。方法:利用全外显子组序列在 454 756 名英国生物库(UKB)参与者中鉴定出 830 名由 InSiGHT 分类的致病性或可能致病性(path_MMR)MMR 基因变异携带者。采用Nelson-Aalen生存分析法估算结直肠癌、子宫内膜癌和乳腺癌(BC)的累积发病率:结果:与非携带者相比,path_MMR 携带者 70 岁时结直肠癌和子宫内膜癌 (EC) 的累积发病率较高(结直肠癌:11.8%(95% 置信区间 (CI):9.5% 至 14.6%) vs 1.7%(95% 置信区间 (CI):1.6% 至 1.7%);子宫内膜癌:13.4%(95% 置信区间 (CI):9.5% 至 14.6%) vs 1.7%(95% 置信区间 (CI):1.6% 至 1.7%):13.4% (95% CI: 10.2% to 17.6%) vs 1.0% (95% CI: 0.9% to 1.0%)),但不同基因的发病率增长幅度不同。与非携带者相比,path_MMR携带者70岁时的累积BC发病率并没有升高(8.9% (95% CI: 6.3% to 12.4%) vs 7.5% (95% CI: 7.4% to 7.6%))。UKB的累积癌症发病率估计值与前瞻性林奇综合征数据库对所有基因和癌症的估计值相似,但没有证据表明UKB中致病性PMS2变异携带者的EC风险升高:这些结果支持对偶然发现的任何路径_MMR携带者进行监测,以管理结直肠癌风险。偶然发现的MLH1、MSH2和MSH6致病变异携带者也将受益于降低EC风险的干预措施。研究结果表明,BC不是一种与LS相关的癌症。
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引用次数: 0
JMG at 60. JMG 第 60 页。
IF 3.5 2区 医学 Q2 GENETICS & HEREDITY Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.1136/jmg-2024-110287
Huw Dorkins
{"title":"<i>JMG</i> at 60.","authors":"Huw Dorkins","doi":"10.1136/jmg-2024-110287","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jmg-2024-110287","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Genetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142055810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
POT1 and multiple primary melanomas: the dermatological phenotype. POT1 和多发性原发性黑色素瘤:皮肤表型。
IF 3.5 2区 医学 Q2 GENETICS & HEREDITY Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.1136/jmg-2023-109637
Ellie J Maas, Emily DeBortoli, Vaishnavi Nathan, Ned P Freeman, Adam Mothershaw, Darren J Smit, Brigid Betz-Stablein, Lauren G Aoude, Mitchell S Stark, Richard A Sturm, H Peter Soyer, Aideen M McInerney-Leo

POT1 is the second most frequently reported gene (after CDKN2A) in familial melanoma. Pathogenic variants are associated with earlier onset and/or multiple primary melanomas (MPMs). To date, POT1 phenotypical reports have been largely restricted to associated malignancies, and description of the dermatological landscape has been limited. We identified 10 variants in n=18 of 384 (4.7%) unrelated individuals (n=13 MPMs; n=5 single primary melanomas) of European ancestry. Five variants were rare (minor allele frequency <0.001) or novel (two loss-of-function (LOF), one splice acceptor and two missense) and were predicted to be functionally significant, in five unrelated probands with MPMs (≥3 melanomas). We performed three-dimensional total body photography on both individuals with confirmed pathogenic LOF variants to characterise the dermatological phenotype. Total body naevus counts (≥2 mm diameter) were significantly higher (p=7.72×10-12) in carriers compared with a control population. Majority of naevi were on the probands' back and lower limb regions, where only mild to moderate ultraviolet (UV) damage was observed. Conversely, the head/neck region, where both probands exhibited severe UV damage, had comparably fewer naevi. We hypothesise that carriage of functionally significant POT1 variants is associated with increased naevus counts generally, and naevi >5 mm in diameter specifically and the location of these are independent of UV damage.

POT1 是家族性黑色素瘤中第二常见的基因(仅次于 CDKN2A)。致病变体与发病较早和/或多发性原发性黑色素瘤(MPMs)有关。迄今为止,POT1 的表型报告主要局限于相关的恶性肿瘤,对皮肤病的描述也很有限。我们在 384 例(4.7%)无亲属关系的欧洲血统个体(13 例 MPM;5 例单发原发性黑色素瘤)中的 18 例中发现了 10 个变体。与对照人群相比,五个变异在携带者中较为罕见(小等位基因频率×10-12)。大多数黑痣出现在受试者的背部和下肢区域,在这些区域只观察到轻度至中度的紫外线(UV)损伤。相反,头颈部的黑痣数量相对较少,而这两个受试者都有严重的紫外线损伤。我们假设,携带功能显著的 POT1 变体一般与黑痣数量增加有关,特别是与直径大于 5 毫米的黑痣有关,而且这些黑痣的位置与紫外线损伤无关。
{"title":"<i>POT1</i> and multiple primary melanomas: the dermatological phenotype.","authors":"Ellie J Maas, Emily DeBortoli, Vaishnavi Nathan, Ned P Freeman, Adam Mothershaw, Darren J Smit, Brigid Betz-Stablein, Lauren G Aoude, Mitchell S Stark, Richard A Sturm, H Peter Soyer, Aideen M McInerney-Leo","doi":"10.1136/jmg-2023-109637","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jmg-2023-109637","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>POT1</i> is the second most frequently reported gene (after <i>CDKN2A</i>) in familial melanoma. Pathogenic variants are associated with earlier onset and/or multiple primary melanomas (MPMs). To date, <i>POT1</i> phenotypical reports have been largely restricted to associated malignancies, and description of the dermatological landscape has been limited. We identified 10 variants in n=18 of 384 (4.7%) unrelated individuals (n=13 MPMs; n=5 single primary melanomas) of European ancestry. Five variants were rare (minor allele frequency <0.001) or novel (two loss-of-function (LOF), one splice acceptor and two missense) and were predicted to be functionally significant, in five unrelated probands with MPMs (≥3 melanomas). We performed three-dimensional total body photography on both individuals with confirmed pathogenic LOF variants to characterise the dermatological phenotype. Total body naevus counts (≥2 mm diameter) were significantly higher (p=7.72<sup>×10-12</sup>) in carriers compared with a control population. Majority of naevi were on the probands' back and lower limb regions, where only mild to moderate ultraviolet (UV) damage was observed. Conversely, the head/neck region, where both probands exhibited severe UV damage, had comparably fewer naevi. We hypothesise that carriage of functionally significant <i>POT1</i> variants is associated with increased naevus counts generally, and naevi >5 mm in diameter specifically and the location of these are independent of UV damage.</p>","PeriodicalId":16237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Genetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140898138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Large TRAPPC11 gene deletions as a cause of muscular dystrophy and their estimated genesis. 作为肌肉萎缩症病因的大 TRAPPC11 基因缺失及其估计成因。
IF 3.5 2区 医学 Q2 GENETICS & HEREDITY Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.1136/jmg-2024-110016
Johana Kopčilová, Hana Ptáčková, Tereza Kramářová, Lenka Fajkusová, Kamila Réblová, Jiří Zeman, Tomáš Honzík, Lucie Zdražilová, Josef Zámečník, Patrícia Balážová, Karin Viestová, Miriam Kolníková, Hana Hansíková, Jana Zídková

Background: Transport protein particle (TRAPP) is a multiprotein complex that functions in localising proteins to the Golgi compartment. The TRAPPC11 subunit has been implicated in diseases affecting muscle, brain, eye and to some extent liver. We present three patients who are compound heterozygotes for a missense variant and a structural variant in the TRAPPC11 gene. TRAPPC11 structural variants have not yet been described in association with a disease. In order to reveal the estimated genesis of identified structural variants, we performed sequencing of individual breakpoint junctions and analysed the extent of homology and the presence of repetitive elements in and around the breakpoints.

Methods: Biochemical methods including isoelectric focusing on serum transferrin and apolipoprotein C-III, as well as mitochondrial respiratory chain complex activity measurements, were used. Muscle biopsy samples underwent histochemical analysis. Next-generation sequencing was employed for identifying sequence variants associated with neuromuscular disorders, and Sanger sequencing was used to confirm findings.

Results: We suppose that non-homologous end joining is a possible mechanism of deletion origin in two patients and non-allelic homologous recombination in one patient. Analyses of mitochondrial function performed in patients' skeletal muscles revealed an imbalance of mitochondrial metabolism, which worsens with age and disease progression.

Conclusion: Our results contribute to further knowledge in the field of neuromuscular diseases and mutational mechanisms. This knowledge is important for understanding the molecular nature of human diseases and allows us to improve strategies for identifying disease-causing mutations.

背景:转运蛋白颗粒(TRAPP)是一种多蛋白复合物,具有将蛋白质定位到高尔基区室的功能。TRAPPC11 亚基与影响肌肉、大脑、眼睛和肝脏的疾病有关。我们介绍了三位患者,他们是 TRAPPC11 基因中一个错义变体和一个结构变体的复合杂合子。TRAPPC11 结构变异尚未被描述与疾病相关。为了揭示已确定的结构变异的估计成因,我们对单个断点连接进行了测序,并分析了同源性的程度以及断点内和断点周围是否存在重复元件:方法:我们采用了生化方法,包括血清转铁蛋白和脂蛋白 C-III 等电聚焦法以及线粒体呼吸链复合物活性测量法。对肌肉活检样本进行了组织化学分析。采用下一代测序技术确定与神经肌肉疾病相关的序列变异,并采用桑格测序技术确认研究结果:结果:我们推测非同源末端连接可能是两名患者基因缺失的起源机制,而非等位同源重组可能是一名患者基因缺失的起源机制。对患者骨骼肌线粒体功能的分析表明,线粒体代谢失衡会随着年龄的增长和疾病的进展而恶化:我们的研究结果有助于进一步了解神经肌肉疾病和突变机制。这些知识对于了解人类疾病的分子本质非常重要,并使我们能够改进识别致病突变的策略。
{"title":"Large <i>TRAPPC11</i> gene deletions as a cause of muscular dystrophy and their estimated genesis.","authors":"Johana Kopčilová, Hana Ptáčková, Tereza Kramářová, Lenka Fajkusová, Kamila Réblová, Jiří Zeman, Tomáš Honzík, Lucie Zdražilová, Josef Zámečník, Patrícia Balážová, Karin Viestová, Miriam Kolníková, Hana Hansíková, Jana Zídková","doi":"10.1136/jmg-2024-110016","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jmg-2024-110016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Transport protein particle (TRAPP) is a multiprotein complex that functions in localising proteins to the Golgi compartment. The TRAPPC11 subunit has been implicated in diseases affecting muscle, brain, eye and to some extent liver. We present three patients who are compound heterozygotes for a missense variant and a structural variant in the <i>TRAPPC11</i> gene. <i>TRAPPC11</i> structural variants have not yet been described in association with a disease. In order to reveal the estimated genesis of identified structural variants, we performed sequencing of individual breakpoint junctions and analysed the extent of homology and the presence of repetitive elements in and around the breakpoints.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Biochemical methods including isoelectric focusing on serum transferrin and apolipoprotein C-III, as well as mitochondrial respiratory chain complex activity measurements, were used. Muscle biopsy samples underwent histochemical analysis. Next-generation sequencing was employed for identifying sequence variants associated with neuromuscular disorders, and Sanger sequencing was used to confirm findings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We suppose that non-homologous end joining is a possible mechanism of deletion origin in two patients and non-allelic homologous recombination in one patient. Analyses of mitochondrial function performed in patients' skeletal muscles revealed an imbalance of mitochondrial metabolism, which worsens with age and disease progression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results contribute to further knowledge in the field of neuromuscular diseases and mutational mechanisms. This knowledge is important for understanding the molecular nature of human diseases and allows us to improve strategies for identifying disease-causing mutations.</p>","PeriodicalId":16237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Genetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141492278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Extending the clinical spectrum of X-linked Tonne-Kalscheuer syndrome (TOKAS): new insights from the fetal perspective. 扩展 X 连锁托恩-卡尔舒尔综合征(TOKAS)的临床范围:从胎儿角度的新见解。
IF 3.5 2区 医学 Q2 GENETICS & HEREDITY Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.1136/jmg-2024-109854
Silvestre Cuinat, Chloé Quélin, Claire Effray, Christèle Dubourg, Gwenaelle Le Bouar, Anne-Sophie Cabaret-Dufour, Philippe Loget, Maia Proisy, Fanny Sauvestre, Mélie Sarreau, Sophie Martin-Berenguer, Claire Beneteau, Sophie Naudion, Vincent Michaud, Benoit Arveiler, Aurélien Trimouille, Pierre Macé, Sabine Sigaudy, Olga Glazunova, Julia Torrents, Laure Raymond, Marie-Hélène Saint-Frison, Tania Attié-Bitach, Mathilde Lefebvre, Yline Capri, Nicolas Bourgon, Christel Thauvin-Robinet, Frédéric Tran Mau-Them, Ange-Line Bruel, Antonio Vitobello, Anne-Sophie Denommé-Pichon, Laurence Faivre, Anne-Claire Brehin, Alice Goldenberg, Sophie Patrier-Sallebert, Alexandre Perani, Benjamin Dauriat, Sylvie Bourthoumieu, Catherine Yardin, Valentine Marquet, Marion Barnique, Maryse Fiorenza-Gasq, Isabelle Marey, Danielle Tournadre, Raïa Doumit, Frédérique Nugues, Tahsin Stefan Barakat, Francisco Bustos, Sylvie Jaillard, Erika Launay, Laurent Pasquier, Sylvie Odent

Introduction: Tonne-Kalscheuer syndrome (TOKAS) is a recessive X-linked multiple congenital anomaly disorder caused by RLIM variations. Of the 41 patients reported, only 7 antenatal cases were described.

Method: After the antenatal diagnosis of TOKAS by exome analysis in a family followed for over 35 years because of multiple congenital anomalies in five male fetuses, a call for collaboration was made, resulting in a cohort of 11 previously unpublished cases.

Results: We present a TOKAS antenatal cohort, describing 11 new cases in 6 French families. We report a high frequency of diaphragmatic hernia (9 of 11), differences in sex development (10 of 11) and various visceral malformations. We report some recurrent dysmorphic features, but also pontocerebellar hypoplasia, pre-auricular skin tags and olfactory bulb abnormalities previously unreported in the literature. Although no clear genotype-phenotype correlation has yet emerged, we show that a recurrent p.(Arg611Cys) variant accounts for 66% of fetal TOKAS cases. We also report two new likely pathogenic variants in RLIM, outside of the two previously known mutational hotspots.

Conclusion: Overall, we present the first fetal cohort of TOKAS, describe the clinical features that made it a recognisable syndrome at fetopathological examination, and extend the phenotypical spectrum and the known genotype of this rare disorder.

简介Tonne-Kalscheuer综合征(TOKAS)是一种由RLIM变异引起的隐性X连锁多发性先天性异常疾病。在报道的 41 例患者中,只有 7 例是产前病例:方法:在一个因 5 名男性胎儿多发性先天性畸形而随访超过 35 年的家庭中,通过外显子组分析对 TOKAS 进行了产前诊断:我们介绍了 TOKAS 产前队列,描述了 6 个法国家庭中的 11 个新病例。我们报告了高发的膈疝(11 例中的 9 例)、性别发育差异(11 例中的 10 例)和各种内脏畸形。我们还报告了一些反复出现的畸形特征,以及以前未在文献中报告过的桥小脑发育不全、耳前皮肤标记和嗅球异常。尽管尚未出现明确的基因型与表型之间的相关性,但我们发现,复发性 p.(Arg611Cys) 变异占胎儿 TOKAS 病例的 66%。我们还报告了 RLIM 中的两个新的可能致病变异,它们位于之前已知的两个突变热点之外:总之,我们展示了首个 TOKAS 胎儿队列,描述了使其成为胎儿病理学检查中可识别综合征的临床特征,并扩展了这一罕见疾病的表型谱和已知基因型。
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Journal of Medical Genetics
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