Vicken Totten, Gisela Teixido-Tura, Fermina Lopez-Grondona, Paula Fernandez-Alvarez, Amaia Lasa-Aranzasti, Patricia Muñoz-Cabello, Rika Kosaki, Eduardo F Tizzano, Wendy Dewals, Emma Borràs, Elena Gonzalez Cañas, Berta Almoguera, Bart Loeys, Irene Valenzuena
Background: Tatton-Brown-Rahman syndrome (TBRS) is a rare disorder, caused by DNMT3A heterozygous pathogenic variants, and first described in 2014. TBRS is characterised by overgrowth, intellectual disability, facial dysmorphism, hypotonia and musculoskeletal features, as well as neurological and psychiatric features. Cardiac manifestations have also been reported, mainly congenital malformations such as atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect and cardiac valvular disease. Aortic dilatation has rarely been described.
Methods: Here we have undertaken a detailed clinical and molecular description of eight previously unreported individuals, who had TBRS and arterial dilatation and/or dissection, mainly thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA). We have also reviewed the seven previously published cases of TAA in individuals with TBRS to try to better delineate the vascular phenotype and to determine specific follow-up for this condition.
Results: We include eight new patients with TBRS who presented with arterial aneurysms mainly involving aorta. Three of these patients presented with dissection that required critical surgery.
Conclusions: Arterial aneurysms and dissections are a potentially lethal, age-dependent manifestation. The prevalence of aortic disease in individuals with TBRS is far in excess of that expected in the general population. This cohort, together with individuals previously published, illustrates the importance to consider dilatation/dissection, mainly in aorta but also in other arteries. Arterial vascular weakness may therefore also be a cardinal feature of TBRS and vascular surveillance is recommended.
{"title":"Arterial aneurysm and dissection: toward the evolving phenotype of Tatton-Brown-Rahman syndrome.","authors":"Vicken Totten, Gisela Teixido-Tura, Fermina Lopez-Grondona, Paula Fernandez-Alvarez, Amaia Lasa-Aranzasti, Patricia Muñoz-Cabello, Rika Kosaki, Eduardo F Tizzano, Wendy Dewals, Emma Borràs, Elena Gonzalez Cañas, Berta Almoguera, Bart Loeys, Irene Valenzuena","doi":"10.1136/jmg-2024-109861","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jmg-2024-109861","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tatton-Brown-Rahman syndrome (TBRS) is a rare disorder, caused by <i>DNMT3A</i> heterozygous pathogenic variants, and first described in 2014. TBRS is characterised by overgrowth, intellectual disability, facial dysmorphism, hypotonia and musculoskeletal features, as well as neurological and psychiatric features. Cardiac manifestations have also been reported, mainly congenital malformations such as atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect and cardiac valvular disease. Aortic dilatation has rarely been described.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Here we have undertaken a detailed clinical and molecular description of eight previously unreported individuals, who had TBRS and arterial dilatation and/or dissection, mainly thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA). We have also reviewed the seven previously published cases of TAA in individuals with TBRS to try to better delineate the vascular phenotype and to determine specific follow-up for this condition.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We include eight new patients with TBRS who presented with arterial aneurysms mainly involving aorta. Three of these patients presented with dissection that required critical surgery.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Arterial aneurysms and dissections are a potentially lethal, age-dependent manifestation. The prevalence of aortic disease in individuals with TBRS is far in excess of that expected in the general population. This cohort, together with individuals previously published, illustrates the importance to consider dilatation/dissection, mainly in aorta but also in other arteries. Arterial vascular weakness may therefore also be a cardinal feature of TBRS and vascular surveillance is recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":16237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Genetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141498187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alessandro Geroldi, Alessia Mammi, Andrea Gaudio, Serena Patrone, Andrea La Barbera, Paola Origone, Clarissa Ponti, Francesca Sanguineri, Sara Massucco, Lucio Marinelli, Marina Grandis, Angelo Schenone, Paola Mandich, Emilia Bellone, Fabio Gotta
Background: The application of massive parallel sequencing technologies in the molecular analysis of Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) has enabled the rapid and cost-effective identification of numerous potentially significant variants for diagnostic purposes. The objective is to reduce the number of variants, focusing only on those with pathogenic significance. The 2015 American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) guidelines aid in achieving this goal, but it is now evident that a pathology or gene-specific review of these rules is essential to avoid misinterpretations that may result from blindly applying the criteria. This study demonstrates how revised ACMG criteria, combined with CMT-specific literature data and expertise, can alter the final classification of a variant.
Methods: We reviewed ACMG criteria based on current knowledge of CMT and provided suggestions for adapting them to the specificities of CMT.
Results: Of the 226 index patients analysed, a diagnostic yield of 20% was obtained. It is worth noting that the 9% of cases had their final diagnosis changed with the application of the revised criteria, often resulting in the loss of the pathogenic classification of a variant.
Conclusions: The widespread availability of high-throughput sequencing technologies has enabled genetic testing even for laboratories without specific disease expertise. Disease-specific ACMG criteria can be a valuable tool to prevent the proliferation of variants of uncertain significance and the misinterpretation of variants.
{"title":"Next-generation sequencing in Charcot-Marie-Tooth: a proposal for improvement of ACMG guidelines for variant evaluation.","authors":"Alessandro Geroldi, Alessia Mammi, Andrea Gaudio, Serena Patrone, Andrea La Barbera, Paola Origone, Clarissa Ponti, Francesca Sanguineri, Sara Massucco, Lucio Marinelli, Marina Grandis, Angelo Schenone, Paola Mandich, Emilia Bellone, Fabio Gotta","doi":"10.1136/jmg-2024-110019","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jmg-2024-110019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The application of massive parallel sequencing technologies in the molecular analysis of Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) has enabled the rapid and cost-effective identification of numerous potentially significant variants for diagnostic purposes. The objective is to reduce the number of variants, focusing only on those with pathogenic significance. The 2015 American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) guidelines aid in achieving this goal, but it is now evident that a pathology or gene-specific review of these rules is essential to avoid misinterpretations that may result from blindly applying the criteria. This study demonstrates how revised ACMG criteria, combined with CMT-specific literature data and expertise, can alter the final classification of a variant.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We reviewed ACMG criteria based on current knowledge of CMT and provided suggestions for adapting them to the specificities of CMT.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 226 index patients analysed, a diagnostic yield of 20% was obtained. It is worth noting that the 9% of cases had their final diagnosis changed with the application of the revised criteria, often resulting in the loss of the pathogenic classification of a variant.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The widespread availability of high-throughput sequencing technologies has enabled genetic testing even for laboratories without specific disease expertise. Disease-specific ACMG criteria can be a valuable tool to prevent the proliferation of variants of uncertain significance and the misinterpretation of variants.</p>","PeriodicalId":16237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Genetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141317551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder characterised by progressive degeneration of motor neurons. Genetic factors have a substantial impact on ALS. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the correlation between genotype (SOD1, TARDBP, FUS, C9orf72) and phenotype in ALS.
Methods: Genetic analysis was performed on 2038 patients with ALS, among which 1696 patients with sporadic ALS (SALS) as controls for genotype-phenotype analysis, and 1602 SALS as controls for survival analysis. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models were used for statistical analysis.
Results: A total of 172 patients with ALS with the gene mutations were included in the statistical analysis (SOD1, n=65; FUS, n=43; TARDBP, n=27; C9orf72, n=37). SOD1 mutations were more frequent in flail leg phenotype (OR 7.317, p=0.001) and less in bulbar phenotype (OR 0.222, p=0.038). C9orf72 expansions exhibited higher frequency in bulbar phenotype (OR 2.770, p=0.008). SOD1 and FUS mutations were significantly associated with earlier age of onset (HR 2.039, p<0.001; HR 1.762, p=0.001). The patients with SOD1 mutations, C9orf72 expansions and those carrying pathogenic FUS mutations had significantly increased death risk (HR 2.217, p<0.001; HR 1.694, p=0.008; HR 1.652, p=0.036). The increased risk of death in ALS with C9orf72 expansions was significant in females (HR 2.419, p=0.014) but not in males (HR 1.442, p=0.128).
Conclusion: Our study revealed distinct motor phenotypic tendencies in patients with ALS with different genotypes, indicating variations in the vulnerability of motor neurons during the disease's progression. Furthermore, we made novel discoveries regarding survival of different gene mutations, warranting further investigation.
背景:肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症(ALS)是一种以运动神经元进行性变性为特征的破坏性神经退行性疾病。遗传因素对 ALS 有重大影响。因此,本研究旨在探讨 ALS 基因型(SOD1、TARDBP、FUS、C9orf72)与表型之间的相关性:对2038名ALS患者进行了基因分析,其中1696名散发性ALS(SALS)患者作为基因型-表型分析的对照,1602名SALS患者作为生存分析的对照。统计分析采用逻辑回归和考克斯比例危险模型:共有172名基因突变的ALS患者纳入统计分析(SOD1,n=65;FUS,n=43;TARDBP,n=27;C9orf72,n=37)。SOD1突变在小腿外翻表型中更为常见(OR 7.317,P=0.001),而在球部表型中则较少(OR 0.222,P=0.038)。C9orf72扩增在球部表型中出现的频率较高(OR 2.770,P=0.008)。SOD1和FUS突变与较早的发病年龄显著相关(HR 2.039,pSOD1突变、C9orf72扩增和携带致病性FUS突变者的死亡风险显著增加(HR 2.217,pC9orf72扩增在女性中显著(HR 2.419,p=0.014),但在男性中不显著(HR 1.442,p=0.128)):我们的研究揭示了不同基因型 ALS 患者的不同运动表型倾向,这表明在疾病进展过程中运动神经元的脆弱性存在差异。此外,我们还对不同基因突变的存活率有了新的发现,值得进一步研究。
{"title":"Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients with various gene mutations show diverse motor phenotypes and survival in China.","authors":"Qirui Jiang, Junyu Lin, Qianqian Wei, Tianmi Yang, Yanbing Hou, Lingyu Zhang, Ruwei Ou, Yi Xiao, Shichan Wang, Xiaoting Zheng, Chunyu Li, Huifang Shang","doi":"10.1136/jmg-2024-109909","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jmg-2024-109909","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder characterised by progressive degeneration of motor neurons. Genetic factors have a substantial impact on ALS. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the correlation between genotype (<i>SOD1, TARDBP, FUS, C9orf72</i>) and phenotype in ALS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Genetic analysis was performed on 2038 patients with ALS, among which 1696 patients with sporadic ALS (SALS) as controls for genotype-phenotype analysis, and 1602 SALS as controls for survival analysis. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models were used for statistical analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 172 patients with ALS with the gene mutations were included in the statistical analysis (<i>SOD1</i>, n=65; <i>FUS</i>, n=43; <i>TARDBP</i>, n=27; <i>C9orf72</i>, n=37). <i>SOD1</i> mutations were more frequent in flail leg phenotype (OR 7.317, p=0.001) and less in bulbar phenotype (OR 0.222, p=0.038). <i>C9orf72</i> expansions exhibited higher frequency in bulbar phenotype (OR 2.770, p=0.008). <i>SOD1</i> and <i>FUS</i> mutations were significantly associated with earlier age of onset (HR 2.039, p<0.001; HR 1.762, p=0.001). The patients with <i>SOD1</i> mutations, <i>C9orf72</i> expansions and those carrying pathogenic <i>FUS</i> mutations had significantly increased death risk (HR 2.217, p<0.001; HR 1.694, p=0.008; HR 1.652, p=0.036). The increased risk of death in ALS with <i>C9orf72</i> expansions was significant in females (HR 2.419, p=0.014) but not in males (HR 1.442, p=0.128).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study revealed distinct motor phenotypic tendencies in patients with ALS with different genotypes, indicating variations in the vulnerability of motor neurons during the disease's progression. Furthermore, we made novel discoveries regarding survival of different gene mutations, warranting further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":16237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Genetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141419441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Laura Hecher, Esther Gorski-Alberts, Matthias Begemann, Johanna Herwig, Eva Lausberg, Georg Hillebrand, Alexander E Volk, Ingo Kurth, Florian Kraft, Kerstin Kutsche
Homozygous VPS50 variants have been previously described in two unrelated patients with a neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, seizures and neonatal cholestasis. VPS50 encodes a subunit that is unique to the heterotetrameric endosome-associated recycling protein (EARP) complex. The other subunits of the EARP complex, such as VPS51, VPS52 and VPS53, are also shared by the Golgi-associated retrograde protein complex. We report on an 18-month-old female patient with biallelic VPS50 variants. She carried a paternally inherited heterozygous nonsense c.13A>T; p.(Lys5*) variant. By long-read genome sequencing, we characterised a structural variant with a 4.3 Mb inversion flanked by deletions at both breakpoints on the maternal allele. The ~428 kb deletion at the telomeric inversion breakpoint encompasses the entire VPS50 gene. We demonstrated a deficiency of VPS50 in patient-derived fibroblasts, confirming the loss-of-function nature of both VPS50 variants. VPS53 and VPS52 protein levels were significantly reduced and absent, respectively, in fibroblasts of the patient. These data show that VPS50 and/or EARP deficiency and the associated functional defects underlie the phenotype in patients with VPS50 pathogenic variants. The VPS50-related core phenotype comprises severe developmental delay, postnatal microcephaly, hypoplastic corpus callosum, neonatal low gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase cholestasis and failure to thrive. The disease is potentially fatal in early childhood.
{"title":"Complex structural variation and nonsense variant <i>in trans</i> cause <i>VPS50</i>-related disorder.","authors":"Laura Hecher, Esther Gorski-Alberts, Matthias Begemann, Johanna Herwig, Eva Lausberg, Georg Hillebrand, Alexander E Volk, Ingo Kurth, Florian Kraft, Kerstin Kutsche","doi":"10.1136/jmg-2024-109983","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jmg-2024-109983","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Homozygous <i>VPS50</i> variants have been previously described in two unrelated patients with a neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, seizures and neonatal cholestasis. <i>VPS50</i> encodes a subunit that is unique to the heterotetrameric endosome-associated recycling protein (EARP) complex. The other subunits of the EARP complex, such as VPS51, VPS52 and VPS53, are also shared by the Golgi-associated retrograde protein complex. We report on an 18-month-old female patient with biallelic <i>VPS50</i> variants. She carried a paternally inherited heterozygous nonsense c.13A>T; p.(Lys5*) variant. By long-read genome sequencing, we characterised a structural variant with a 4.3 Mb inversion flanked by deletions at both breakpoints on the maternal allele. The ~428 kb deletion at the telomeric inversion breakpoint encompasses the entire <i>VPS50</i> gene. We demonstrated a deficiency of VPS50 in patient-derived fibroblasts, confirming the loss-of-function nature of both <i>VPS50</i> variants. VPS53 and VPS52 protein levels were significantly reduced and absent, respectively, in fibroblasts of the patient. These data show that VPS50 and/or EARP deficiency and the associated functional defects underlie the phenotype in patients with <i>VPS50</i> pathogenic variants. The <i>VPS50</i>-related core phenotype comprises severe developmental delay, postnatal microcephaly, hypoplastic corpus callosum, neonatal low gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase cholestasis and failure to thrive. The disease is potentially fatal in early childhood.</p>","PeriodicalId":16237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Genetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141321028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wang Song, Wen-Jun Bian, Hua Li, Qing-Hui Guo, Jie Wang, Bin Tang, Jia-Yuan Zhang, Wei Wei, Xiao-Rong Liu, Wei-Ping Liao, Bin Li, Na He
Background: IFIH1 variants have been reported to be associated with immune-related disorders with/without seizures. It is unknown whether IFIH1 variants are associated with common epilepsy without acquired causes and the mechanism underlying phenotypic variation remains elusive.
Methods: Trio-based whole-exome sequencing was performed on patients with febrile seizures or epilepsy with antecedent febrile seizures. Previously reported variants were systematically reviewed to investigate genotype-phenotype associations.
Results: Two de novo heterozygous and three biallelic missense variants were identified in five patients with generalised epilepsy with antecedent febrile seizures. The variants were predicted to be damaging by in silico tools and were associated with hydrogen bonding changes to neighbouring amino acids or decreased protein stability. Patients exhibited an early onset age and became seizure-free with favourable outcome. Further analysis revealed that de novo missense variants located in the Hel region resulted in seizures with multiple neurological abnormalities, while those in the pincer domain or C-terminal domain led to seizures with normal neurodevelopment, suggesting a sub-molecular effect. Biallelic missense variants, which were inherited from unaffected parents and presented low allele frequencies in general populations, were associated with seizures without neurological abnormalities. Truncation variants were related to refractory epilepsy and severe developmental delay, suggesting a genotype-phenotype correlation. IFIH1 is predominantly expressed in the neonatal stage and decreases dramatically in the adulthood, which is consistent with the early onset age and favourable outcome of the patients.
Conclusions: IFIH1 variants are potentially associated with generalised epilepsy with antecedent febrile seizures. The sub-molecular implication and genotype-phenotype association help explain phenotype variations of IFIH1 variants.
{"title":"<i>IFIH1</i> variants are associated with generalised epilepsy preceded by febrile seizures.","authors":"Wang Song, Wen-Jun Bian, Hua Li, Qing-Hui Guo, Jie Wang, Bin Tang, Jia-Yuan Zhang, Wei Wei, Xiao-Rong Liu, Wei-Ping Liao, Bin Li, Na He","doi":"10.1136/jmg-2024-109950","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jmg-2024-109950","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>IFIH1</i> variants have been reported to be associated with immune-related disorders with/without seizures. It is unknown whether <i>IFIH1</i> variants are associated with common epilepsy without acquired causes and the mechanism underlying phenotypic variation remains elusive.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Trio-based whole-exome sequencing was performed on patients with febrile seizures or epilepsy with antecedent febrile seizures. Previously reported variants were systematically reviewed to investigate genotype-phenotype associations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two de novo heterozygous and three biallelic missense variants were identified in five patients with generalised epilepsy with antecedent febrile seizures. The variants were predicted to be damaging by in silico tools and were associated with hydrogen bonding changes to neighbouring amino acids or decreased protein stability. Patients exhibited an early onset age and became seizure-free with favourable outcome. Further analysis revealed that de novo missense variants located in the Hel region resulted in seizures with multiple neurological abnormalities, while those in the pincer domain or C-terminal domain led to seizures with normal neurodevelopment, suggesting a sub-molecular effect. Biallelic missense variants, which were inherited from unaffected parents and presented low allele frequencies in general populations, were associated with seizures without neurological abnormalities. Truncation variants were related to refractory epilepsy and severe developmental delay, suggesting a genotype-phenotype correlation. <i>IFIH1</i> is predominantly expressed in the neonatal stage and decreases dramatically in the adulthood, which is consistent with the early onset age and favourable outcome of the patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong><i>IFIH1</i> variants are potentially associated with generalised epilepsy with antecedent febrile seizures. The sub-molecular implication and genotype-phenotype association help explain phenotype variations of <i>IFIH1</i> variants.</p>","PeriodicalId":16237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Genetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11420756/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141534597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eilidh Fummey, Pau Navarro, John-Paul Plazzer, Ian M Frayling, Sara Knott, Albert Tenesa
BackgroundLynch syndrome (LS) is an inherited cancer predisposition syndrome caused by genetic variants affecting DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2 Cancer risk in LS is estimated from cohorts of individuals ascertained by individual or family history of cancer, which may upwardly bias estimates.
Methods: 830 carriers of pathogenic or likely pathogenic (path_MMR) MMR gene variants classified by InSiGHT were identified in 454 756 UK Biobank (UKB) participants using whole-exome sequence. Nelson-Aalen survival analysis was used to estimate cumulative incidence of colorectal, endometrial and breast cancer (BC).
Results: Cumulative incidence of colorectal and endometrial cancer (EC) by age 70 years was elevated in path_MMR carriers compared with non-carriers (colorectal: 11.8% (95% confidence interval (CI): 9.5% to 14.6%) vs 1.7% (95% CI: 1.6% to 1.7%), endometrial: 13.4% (95% CI: 10.2% to 17.6%) vs 1.0% (95% CI: 0.9% to 1.0%)), but the magnitude of this increase differed between genes. Cumulative BC incidence by age 70 years was not elevated in path_MMR carriers compared with non-carriers (8.9% (95% CI: 6.3% to 12.4%) vs 7.5% (95% CI: 7.4% to 7.6%)). Cumulative cancer incidence estimates in UKB were similar to estimates from the Prospective Lynch Syndrome Database for all genes and cancers, except there was no evidence for elevated EC risk in carriers of pathogenic PMS2 variants in UKB.
Conclusion: These results support offering incidentally identified carriers of any path_MMR surveillance to manage colorectal cancer risk. Incidentally identified carriers of pathogenic variants in MLH1, MSH2 and MSH6 would also benefit from interventions to reduce EC risk. The results suggest that BC is not an LS-related cancer.
背景林奇综合征(LS)是一种遗传性癌症易感综合征,由影响 DNA 错配修复(MMR)基因 MLH1、MSH2、MSH6 和 PMS2 的遗传变异引起。方法:利用全外显子组序列在 454 756 名英国生物库(UKB)参与者中鉴定出 830 名由 InSiGHT 分类的致病性或可能致病性(path_MMR)MMR 基因变异携带者。采用Nelson-Aalen生存分析法估算结直肠癌、子宫内膜癌和乳腺癌(BC)的累积发病率:结果:与非携带者相比,path_MMR 携带者 70 岁时结直肠癌和子宫内膜癌 (EC) 的累积发病率较高(结直肠癌:11.8%(95% 置信区间 (CI):9.5% 至 14.6%) vs 1.7%(95% 置信区间 (CI):1.6% 至 1.7%);子宫内膜癌:13.4%(95% 置信区间 (CI):9.5% 至 14.6%) vs 1.7%(95% 置信区间 (CI):1.6% 至 1.7%):13.4% (95% CI: 10.2% to 17.6%) vs 1.0% (95% CI: 0.9% to 1.0%)),但不同基因的发病率增长幅度不同。与非携带者相比,path_MMR携带者70岁时的累积BC发病率并没有升高(8.9% (95% CI: 6.3% to 12.4%) vs 7.5% (95% CI: 7.4% to 7.6%))。UKB的累积癌症发病率估计值与前瞻性林奇综合征数据库对所有基因和癌症的估计值相似,但没有证据表明UKB中致病性PMS2变异携带者的EC风险升高:这些结果支持对偶然发现的任何路径_MMR携带者进行监测,以管理结直肠癌风险。偶然发现的MLH1、MSH2和MSH6致病变异携带者也将受益于降低EC风险的干预措施。研究结果表明,BC不是一种与LS相关的癌症。
{"title":"Estimating cancer risk in carriers of Lynch syndrome variants in UK Biobank.","authors":"Eilidh Fummey, Pau Navarro, John-Paul Plazzer, Ian M Frayling, Sara Knott, Albert Tenesa","doi":"10.1136/jmg-2023-109791","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jmg-2023-109791","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundLynch syndrome (LS) is an inherited cancer predisposition syndrome caused by genetic variants affecting DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes <i>MLH1</i>, <i>MSH2</i>, <i>MSH6</i> and <i>PMS2</i> Cancer risk in LS is estimated from cohorts of individuals ascertained by individual or family history of cancer, which may upwardly bias estimates.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>830 carriers of pathogenic or likely pathogenic (<i>path_MMR</i>) MMR gene variants classified by InSiGHT were identified in 454 756 UK Biobank (UKB) participants using whole-exome sequence. Nelson-Aalen survival analysis was used to estimate cumulative incidence of colorectal, endometrial and breast cancer (BC).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cumulative incidence of colorectal and endometrial cancer (EC) by age 70 years was elevated in <i>path_MMR</i> carriers compared with non-carriers (colorectal: 11.8% (95% confidence interval (CI): 9.5% to 14.6%) vs 1.7% (95% CI: 1.6% to 1.7%), endometrial: 13.4% (95% CI: 10.2% to 17.6%) vs 1.0% (95% CI: 0.9% to 1.0%)), but the magnitude of this increase differed between genes. Cumulative BC incidence by age 70 years was not elevated in <i>path_MMR</i> carriers compared with non-carriers (8.9% (95% CI: 6.3% to 12.4%) vs 7.5% (95% CI: 7.4% to 7.6%)). Cumulative cancer incidence estimates in UKB were similar to estimates from the Prospective Lynch Syndrome Database for all genes and cancers, except there was no evidence for elevated EC risk in carriers of pathogenic <i>PMS2</i> variants in UKB.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results support offering incidentally identified carriers of any <i>path_MMR</i> surveillance to manage colorectal cancer risk. Incidentally identified carriers of pathogenic variants in <i>MLH1</i>, <i>MSH2</i> and <i>MSH6</i> would also benefit from interventions to reduce EC risk. The results suggest that BC is not an LS-related cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":16237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Genetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11420727/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141616678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"<i>JMG</i> at 60.","authors":"Huw Dorkins","doi":"10.1136/jmg-2024-110287","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jmg-2024-110287","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Genetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142055810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ellie J Maas, Emily DeBortoli, Vaishnavi Nathan, Ned P Freeman, Adam Mothershaw, Darren J Smit, Brigid Betz-Stablein, Lauren G Aoude, Mitchell S Stark, Richard A Sturm, H Peter Soyer, Aideen M McInerney-Leo
POT1 is the second most frequently reported gene (after CDKN2A) in familial melanoma. Pathogenic variants are associated with earlier onset and/or multiple primary melanomas (MPMs). To date, POT1 phenotypical reports have been largely restricted to associated malignancies, and description of the dermatological landscape has been limited. We identified 10 variants in n=18 of 384 (4.7%) unrelated individuals (n=13 MPMs; n=5 single primary melanomas) of European ancestry. Five variants were rare (minor allele frequency <0.001) or novel (two loss-of-function (LOF), one splice acceptor and two missense) and were predicted to be functionally significant, in five unrelated probands with MPMs (≥3 melanomas). We performed three-dimensional total body photography on both individuals with confirmed pathogenic LOF variants to characterise the dermatological phenotype. Total body naevus counts (≥2 mm diameter) were significantly higher (p=7.72×10-12) in carriers compared with a control population. Majority of naevi were on the probands' back and lower limb regions, where only mild to moderate ultraviolet (UV) damage was observed. Conversely, the head/neck region, where both probands exhibited severe UV damage, had comparably fewer naevi. We hypothesise that carriage of functionally significant POT1 variants is associated with increased naevus counts generally, and naevi >5 mm in diameter specifically and the location of these are independent of UV damage.
{"title":"<i>POT1</i> and multiple primary melanomas: the dermatological phenotype.","authors":"Ellie J Maas, Emily DeBortoli, Vaishnavi Nathan, Ned P Freeman, Adam Mothershaw, Darren J Smit, Brigid Betz-Stablein, Lauren G Aoude, Mitchell S Stark, Richard A Sturm, H Peter Soyer, Aideen M McInerney-Leo","doi":"10.1136/jmg-2023-109637","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jmg-2023-109637","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>POT1</i> is the second most frequently reported gene (after <i>CDKN2A</i>) in familial melanoma. Pathogenic variants are associated with earlier onset and/or multiple primary melanomas (MPMs). To date, <i>POT1</i> phenotypical reports have been largely restricted to associated malignancies, and description of the dermatological landscape has been limited. We identified 10 variants in n=18 of 384 (4.7%) unrelated individuals (n=13 MPMs; n=5 single primary melanomas) of European ancestry. Five variants were rare (minor allele frequency <0.001) or novel (two loss-of-function (LOF), one splice acceptor and two missense) and were predicted to be functionally significant, in five unrelated probands with MPMs (≥3 melanomas). We performed three-dimensional total body photography on both individuals with confirmed pathogenic LOF variants to characterise the dermatological phenotype. Total body naevus counts (≥2 mm diameter) were significantly higher (p=7.72<sup>×10-12</sup>) in carriers compared with a control population. Majority of naevi were on the probands' back and lower limb regions, where only mild to moderate ultraviolet (UV) damage was observed. Conversely, the head/neck region, where both probands exhibited severe UV damage, had comparably fewer naevi. We hypothesise that carriage of functionally significant <i>POT1</i> variants is associated with increased naevus counts generally, and naevi >5 mm in diameter specifically and the location of these are independent of UV damage.</p>","PeriodicalId":16237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Genetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140898138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Johana Kopčilová, Hana Ptáčková, Tereza Kramářová, Lenka Fajkusová, Kamila Réblová, Jiří Zeman, Tomáš Honzík, Lucie Zdražilová, Josef Zámečník, Patrícia Balážová, Karin Viestová, Miriam Kolníková, Hana Hansíková, Jana Zídková
Background: Transport protein particle (TRAPP) is a multiprotein complex that functions in localising proteins to the Golgi compartment. The TRAPPC11 subunit has been implicated in diseases affecting muscle, brain, eye and to some extent liver. We present three patients who are compound heterozygotes for a missense variant and a structural variant in the TRAPPC11 gene. TRAPPC11 structural variants have not yet been described in association with a disease. In order to reveal the estimated genesis of identified structural variants, we performed sequencing of individual breakpoint junctions and analysed the extent of homology and the presence of repetitive elements in and around the breakpoints.
Methods: Biochemical methods including isoelectric focusing on serum transferrin and apolipoprotein C-III, as well as mitochondrial respiratory chain complex activity measurements, were used. Muscle biopsy samples underwent histochemical analysis. Next-generation sequencing was employed for identifying sequence variants associated with neuromuscular disorders, and Sanger sequencing was used to confirm findings.
Results: We suppose that non-homologous end joining is a possible mechanism of deletion origin in two patients and non-allelic homologous recombination in one patient. Analyses of mitochondrial function performed in patients' skeletal muscles revealed an imbalance of mitochondrial metabolism, which worsens with age and disease progression.
Conclusion: Our results contribute to further knowledge in the field of neuromuscular diseases and mutational mechanisms. This knowledge is important for understanding the molecular nature of human diseases and allows us to improve strategies for identifying disease-causing mutations.
{"title":"Large <i>TRAPPC11</i> gene deletions as a cause of muscular dystrophy and their estimated genesis.","authors":"Johana Kopčilová, Hana Ptáčková, Tereza Kramářová, Lenka Fajkusová, Kamila Réblová, Jiří Zeman, Tomáš Honzík, Lucie Zdražilová, Josef Zámečník, Patrícia Balážová, Karin Viestová, Miriam Kolníková, Hana Hansíková, Jana Zídková","doi":"10.1136/jmg-2024-110016","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jmg-2024-110016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Transport protein particle (TRAPP) is a multiprotein complex that functions in localising proteins to the Golgi compartment. The TRAPPC11 subunit has been implicated in diseases affecting muscle, brain, eye and to some extent liver. We present three patients who are compound heterozygotes for a missense variant and a structural variant in the <i>TRAPPC11</i> gene. <i>TRAPPC11</i> structural variants have not yet been described in association with a disease. In order to reveal the estimated genesis of identified structural variants, we performed sequencing of individual breakpoint junctions and analysed the extent of homology and the presence of repetitive elements in and around the breakpoints.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Biochemical methods including isoelectric focusing on serum transferrin and apolipoprotein C-III, as well as mitochondrial respiratory chain complex activity measurements, were used. Muscle biopsy samples underwent histochemical analysis. Next-generation sequencing was employed for identifying sequence variants associated with neuromuscular disorders, and Sanger sequencing was used to confirm findings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We suppose that non-homologous end joining is a possible mechanism of deletion origin in two patients and non-allelic homologous recombination in one patient. Analyses of mitochondrial function performed in patients' skeletal muscles revealed an imbalance of mitochondrial metabolism, which worsens with age and disease progression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results contribute to further knowledge in the field of neuromuscular diseases and mutational mechanisms. This knowledge is important for understanding the molecular nature of human diseases and allows us to improve strategies for identifying disease-causing mutations.</p>","PeriodicalId":16237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Genetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141492278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Silvestre Cuinat, Chloé Quélin, Claire Effray, Christèle Dubourg, Gwenaelle Le Bouar, Anne-Sophie Cabaret-Dufour, Philippe Loget, Maia Proisy, Fanny Sauvestre, Mélie Sarreau, Sophie Martin-Berenguer, Claire Beneteau, Sophie Naudion, Vincent Michaud, Benoit Arveiler, Aurélien Trimouille, Pierre Macé, Sabine Sigaudy, Olga Glazunova, Julia Torrents, Laure Raymond, Marie-Hélène Saint-Frison, Tania Attié-Bitach, Mathilde Lefebvre, Yline Capri, Nicolas Bourgon, Christel Thauvin-Robinet, Frédéric Tran Mau-Them, Ange-Line Bruel, Antonio Vitobello, Anne-Sophie Denommé-Pichon, Laurence Faivre, Anne-Claire Brehin, Alice Goldenberg, Sophie Patrier-Sallebert, Alexandre Perani, Benjamin Dauriat, Sylvie Bourthoumieu, Catherine Yardin, Valentine Marquet, Marion Barnique, Maryse Fiorenza-Gasq, Isabelle Marey, Danielle Tournadre, Raïa Doumit, Frédérique Nugues, Tahsin Stefan Barakat, Francisco Bustos, Sylvie Jaillard, Erika Launay, Laurent Pasquier, Sylvie Odent
Introduction: Tonne-Kalscheuer syndrome (TOKAS) is a recessive X-linked multiple congenital anomaly disorder caused by RLIM variations. Of the 41 patients reported, only 7 antenatal cases were described.
Method: After the antenatal diagnosis of TOKAS by exome analysis in a family followed for over 35 years because of multiple congenital anomalies in five male fetuses, a call for collaboration was made, resulting in a cohort of 11 previously unpublished cases.
Results: We present a TOKAS antenatal cohort, describing 11 new cases in 6 French families. We report a high frequency of diaphragmatic hernia (9 of 11), differences in sex development (10 of 11) and various visceral malformations. We report some recurrent dysmorphic features, but also pontocerebellar hypoplasia, pre-auricular skin tags and olfactory bulb abnormalities previously unreported in the literature. Although no clear genotype-phenotype correlation has yet emerged, we show that a recurrent p.(Arg611Cys) variant accounts for 66% of fetal TOKAS cases. We also report two new likely pathogenic variants in RLIM, outside of the two previously known mutational hotspots.
Conclusion: Overall, we present the first fetal cohort of TOKAS, describe the clinical features that made it a recognisable syndrome at fetopathological examination, and extend the phenotypical spectrum and the known genotype of this rare disorder.
{"title":"Extending the clinical spectrum of X-linked Tonne-Kalscheuer syndrome (TOKAS): new insights from the fetal perspective.","authors":"Silvestre Cuinat, Chloé Quélin, Claire Effray, Christèle Dubourg, Gwenaelle Le Bouar, Anne-Sophie Cabaret-Dufour, Philippe Loget, Maia Proisy, Fanny Sauvestre, Mélie Sarreau, Sophie Martin-Berenguer, Claire Beneteau, Sophie Naudion, Vincent Michaud, Benoit Arveiler, Aurélien Trimouille, Pierre Macé, Sabine Sigaudy, Olga Glazunova, Julia Torrents, Laure Raymond, Marie-Hélène Saint-Frison, Tania Attié-Bitach, Mathilde Lefebvre, Yline Capri, Nicolas Bourgon, Christel Thauvin-Robinet, Frédéric Tran Mau-Them, Ange-Line Bruel, Antonio Vitobello, Anne-Sophie Denommé-Pichon, Laurence Faivre, Anne-Claire Brehin, Alice Goldenberg, Sophie Patrier-Sallebert, Alexandre Perani, Benjamin Dauriat, Sylvie Bourthoumieu, Catherine Yardin, Valentine Marquet, Marion Barnique, Maryse Fiorenza-Gasq, Isabelle Marey, Danielle Tournadre, Raïa Doumit, Frédérique Nugues, Tahsin Stefan Barakat, Francisco Bustos, Sylvie Jaillard, Erika Launay, Laurent Pasquier, Sylvie Odent","doi":"10.1136/jmg-2024-109854","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jmg-2024-109854","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Tonne-Kalscheuer syndrome (TOKAS) is a recessive X-linked multiple congenital anomaly disorder caused by <i>RLIM</i> variations. Of the 41 patients reported, only 7 antenatal cases were described.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>After the antenatal diagnosis of TOKAS by exome analysis in a family followed for over 35 years because of multiple congenital anomalies in five male fetuses, a call for collaboration was made, resulting in a cohort of 11 previously unpublished cases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We present a TOKAS antenatal cohort, describing 11 new cases in 6 French families. We report a high frequency of diaphragmatic hernia (9 of 11), differences in sex development (10 of 11) and various visceral malformations. We report some recurrent dysmorphic features, but also pontocerebellar hypoplasia, pre-auricular skin tags and olfactory bulb abnormalities previously unreported in the literature. Although no clear genotype-phenotype correlation has yet emerged, we show that a recurrent p.(Arg611Cys) variant accounts for 66% of fetal TOKAS cases. We also report two new likely pathogenic variants in <i>RLIM</i>, outside of the two previously known mutational hotspots.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, we present the first fetal cohort of TOKAS, describe the clinical features that made it a recognisable syndrome at fetopathological examination, and extend the phenotypical spectrum and the known genotype of this rare disorder.</p>","PeriodicalId":16237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Genetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11420740/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141288198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}