Pub Date : 2006-03-06DOI: 10.1109/IWAT.2006.1609059
H. Iizuka, P. Hall
Left-handed materials, which exhibit simultaneously negative permittivity and permeability, were first investigated theoretically by Veselago in 1968 [1]. Since they were successfully implemented with split ring resonators and wire strips [2], left-handed materials have been applied for microwave applications, transmission lines [3], couplers [4], resonators [5], phase shifters [6] and the like. With regard to antennas, backfire-to-endfire leaky wave antennas [7][8] were developed. An infinitesimal dipole immersed in left-handed material has been studied theoretically, [9], and beyond this there have been no other publications on use of left handed materials for small antennas to the best of the authors knowledge. We propose a new concept involving the use of left-handed material in a small dipole antenna. The concept and simulated radiation properties are presented.
{"title":"A Left-Handed Dipole Concept","authors":"H. Iizuka, P. Hall","doi":"10.1109/IWAT.2006.1609059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWAT.2006.1609059","url":null,"abstract":"Left-handed materials, which exhibit simultaneously negative permittivity and permeability, were first investigated theoretically by Veselago in 1968 [1]. Since they were successfully implemented with split ring resonators and wire strips [2], left-handed materials have been applied for microwave applications, transmission lines [3], couplers [4], resonators [5], phase shifters [6] and the like. With regard to antennas, backfire-to-endfire leaky wave antennas [7][8] were developed. An infinitesimal dipole immersed in left-handed material has been studied theoretically, [9], and beyond this there have been no other publications on use of left handed materials for small antennas to the best of the authors knowledge. We propose a new concept involving the use of left-handed material in a small dipole antenna. The concept and simulated radiation properties are presented.","PeriodicalId":162557,"journal":{"name":"IEEE International Workshop on Antenna Technology Small Antennas and Novel Metamaterials, 2006.","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132184310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-03-06DOI: 10.1109/IWAT.2006.1608965
I. Eshrah, A. Kishk
The asymptotic corrugation boundary conditions are employed to analyze left-handed rectangular waveguides with dielectric-filled transverse corrugations. The dispersion relations as well as the field expressions in the waveguide and the corrugation are derived. Compared to the rather sophisticated full-wave solution, the asymptotic solution proves to provide accurate results within a wide frequency band. The limitations of the asymptotic boundary conditions are investigated to determine the range of validity of the presented solution.
{"title":"Application of the Asymptotic Corrugation Boundary Conditions to the Analysis of Composite Right/Left-Handed Corrugated Waveguide","authors":"I. Eshrah, A. Kishk","doi":"10.1109/IWAT.2006.1608965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWAT.2006.1608965","url":null,"abstract":"The asymptotic corrugation boundary conditions are employed to analyze left-handed rectangular waveguides with dielectric-filled transverse corrugations. The dispersion relations as well as the field expressions in the waveguide and the corrugation are derived. Compared to the rather sophisticated full-wave solution, the asymptotic solution proves to provide accurate results within a wide frequency band. The limitations of the asymptotic boundary conditions are investigated to determine the range of validity of the presented solution.","PeriodicalId":162557,"journal":{"name":"IEEE International Workshop on Antenna Technology Small Antennas and Novel Metamaterials, 2006.","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129403187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-03-06DOI: 10.1109/IWAT.2006.1608981
G. Ruvio, M. Ammann
Planar monopole antennas are easy to construct from a single metal plate and able to offer attractive performance in terms of impedance bandwidth and radiation properties [1]. However, the necessity of compactness has induced the research community to investigate folded radiation elements [2 and 3]. But, at the same time, by reducing the overall dimensions of planar monopole antennas distortions in the radiation pattern and drawbacks in the impedance bandwidth can be introduced. Special feeding techniques and particular grounding systems have to be designed in order to obtain an acceptable compromise between compact dimensions and interesting performance [4, 5 and 6]. The novel and compact wide-band shorted folded antenna presented in this paper offers a working bandwidth of 4.6GHz between 1.6GHz and 7.2GHz (IBR=4.5;1). Good radiation properties and acceptable omni-directionality are obtained throughout the operating bandwidth. The use of a vertical ground plane and a microstrip feeding system permit a dramatic reduction of dimensions when compared to a planar monopole antenna with same characteristics. In this paper, we present another promising bandwidth-enhancement technique, which consists of grounding the radiating element with the vertical ground plane. This solution is shown to only moderately disturb the radiation properties of the antenna. As a consequence of performance and reduced dimensions, this antenna represents a significant candidate for in-door, mobile and vehicular applications where the coverage of different communication protocols is required. Numerical simulation have been obtained by CST Microwave Studio and compared to experimental results of the constructed prototype. A good agreement is achieved.
{"title":"A Compact Wide-Band Shorted Folded Antenna","authors":"G. Ruvio, M. Ammann","doi":"10.1109/IWAT.2006.1608981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWAT.2006.1608981","url":null,"abstract":"Planar monopole antennas are easy to construct from a single metal plate and able to offer attractive performance in terms of impedance bandwidth and radiation properties [1]. However, the necessity of compactness has induced the research community to investigate folded radiation elements [2 and 3]. But, at the same time, by reducing the overall dimensions of planar monopole antennas distortions in the radiation pattern and drawbacks in the impedance bandwidth can be introduced. Special feeding techniques and particular grounding systems have to be designed in order to obtain an acceptable compromise between compact dimensions and interesting performance [4, 5 and 6]. The novel and compact wide-band shorted folded antenna presented in this paper offers a working bandwidth of 4.6GHz between 1.6GHz and 7.2GHz (IBR=4.5;1). Good radiation properties and acceptable omni-directionality are obtained throughout the operating bandwidth. The use of a vertical ground plane and a microstrip feeding system permit a dramatic reduction of dimensions when compared to a planar monopole antenna with same characteristics. In this paper, we present another promising bandwidth-enhancement technique, which consists of grounding the radiating element with the vertical ground plane. This solution is shown to only moderately disturb the radiation properties of the antenna. As a consequence of performance and reduced dimensions, this antenna represents a significant candidate for in-door, mobile and vehicular applications where the coverage of different communication protocols is required. Numerical simulation have been obtained by CST Microwave Studio and compared to experimental results of the constructed prototype. A good agreement is achieved.","PeriodicalId":162557,"journal":{"name":"IEEE International Workshop on Antenna Technology Small Antennas and Novel Metamaterials, 2006.","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133074108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-03-06DOI: 10.1109/IWAT.2006.1609039
D. Ranasinghe, P. Cole
The manufacturing cost of RFID labels is an accumulation of IC design, IC manufacture, antenna manufacture, antenna and IC assembly and packaging costs. A significant barrier to reducing the cost is the lack of a streamlined process for attaching RFID label antennas to RFID ICs (about 0.25 mm in size). A large portion, approximately 3 – 4 cents, of the label cost is allocated to the antenna manufacture, antenna and IC assembly and packaging. Hence there is a keen interest to produce a miniaturized on chip antennas to streamline the manufacturing process. This paper considers the feasibility of such an antenna for operation in the UHF ISM band 902 MHz – 928 MHz as defined by the FCC [1], based on analysing the power required to operate an RFID label using coupling volume theory.
{"title":"Analysis of Power Transfer at UHF to RFID ICs by Miniaturized RFID Label Antennas","authors":"D. Ranasinghe, P. Cole","doi":"10.1109/IWAT.2006.1609039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWAT.2006.1609039","url":null,"abstract":"The manufacturing cost of RFID labels is an accumulation of IC design, IC manufacture, antenna manufacture, antenna and IC assembly and packaging costs. A significant barrier to reducing the cost is the lack of a streamlined process for attaching RFID label antennas to RFID ICs (about 0.25 mm in size). A large portion, approximately 3 – 4 cents, of the label cost is allocated to the antenna manufacture, antenna and IC assembly and packaging. Hence there is a keen interest to produce a miniaturized on chip antennas to streamline the manufacturing process. This paper considers the feasibility of such an antenna for operation in the UHF ISM band 902 MHz – 928 MHz as defined by the FCC [1], based on analysing the power required to operate an RFID label using coupling volume theory.","PeriodicalId":162557,"journal":{"name":"IEEE International Workshop on Antenna Technology Small Antennas and Novel Metamaterials, 2006.","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133469111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-03-06DOI: 10.1109/IWAT.2006.1609045
Wan‐Ki Kim, J. Woo, O. Maki, H. Nebiya
As the development of information-oriented society, the importance of wireless communication technology have been raised. And the increase of mobile handset usage has been encouraging the study on whether microwave is harm on the body or not. Particularly, SAR(Specific Absorption Rate) for human head is vigorously studied, because the transmit power of mobile handset effects on the head directly. Fig. 1 represents the currently applied method in which a sham human body and the probe is used for SAR measurement. In this method, a sham human filled with homogeneous permeability material inside is measured using small dipole antenna probe installed. However, there is the problem of measurement time-consuming caused by mechanical 3-dimension scanning. Also, the problem such as non-exact structure of sham body and the permeability assumption is raised. Therefore, in this paper, real-time SAR measurement system using the RFID(Radio Frequency Identification)[1] is proposed instead of mechanical measurement. The micro-antenna with 3-axis polarization which is essential element for proposed system is designed and fabricated, and its characteristic described.
随着信息化社会的发展，无线通信技术的重要性日益提高。随着手机使用的增加，人们对微波是否对身体有害的研究也越来越深入。特别是，由于手机的发射功率直接影响头部，因此对人体头部的SAR(Specific Absorption Rate)进行了大量的研究。图1表示了目前应用的方法，其中使用假人体和探针进行SAR测量。该方法通过安装小型偶极子天线探头，对内部填充均匀磁导率材料的假人体进行测量。但是，机械三维扫描存在测量耗时的问题。同时，提出了假体结构不精确、渗透性假设等问题。因此，本文提出了利用RFID(Radio Frequency Identification)[1]代替机械测量的实时SAR测量系统。设计制作了该系统的核心元件三轴极化微型天线，并对其特性进行了描述。
{"title":"Real-Time SAR Measurement System Using the RFID","authors":"Wan‐Ki Kim, J. Woo, O. Maki, H. Nebiya","doi":"10.1109/IWAT.2006.1609045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWAT.2006.1609045","url":null,"abstract":"As the development of information-oriented society, the importance of wireless communication technology have been raised. And the increase of mobile handset usage has been encouraging the study on whether microwave is harm on the body or not. Particularly, SAR(Specific Absorption Rate) for human head is vigorously studied, because the transmit power of mobile handset effects on the head directly. Fig. 1 represents the currently applied method in which a sham human body and the probe is used for SAR measurement. In this method, a sham human filled with homogeneous permeability material inside is measured using small dipole antenna probe installed. However, there is the problem of measurement time-consuming caused by mechanical 3-dimension scanning. Also, the problem such as non-exact structure of sham body and the permeability assumption is raised. Therefore, in this paper, real-time SAR measurement system using the RFID(Radio Frequency Identification)[1] is proposed instead of mechanical measurement. The micro-antenna with 3-axis polarization which is essential element for proposed system is designed and fabricated, and its characteristic described.","PeriodicalId":162557,"journal":{"name":"IEEE International Workshop on Antenna Technology Small Antennas and Novel Metamaterials, 2006.","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127699005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-03-06DOI: 10.1109/IWAT.2006.1609068
Jingjing Li, A. Salandrino, N. Engheta
Owing to their ability to manipulate electromagnetic and optical radiation in sub-wavelength domains, plasmonic materials (such as silver and gold in the IR and optical frequencies) have attracted a great deal of interest in recent years (see e.g., [1]). One of the interesting structures is the plasmonic nanoparticles with a sub-wavelength size. When the dimension of the particles is much smaller than the operating wavelength, under the optical excitation they behave as induced dipoles which can exhibit large values at plasmonic resonance. Such a feature was suggested to be exploited for modifying the life time of a radiating dipole, mainly in the context of fluorescence (see e.g., [2]). However, to the best of our knowledge, less attention has been paid to the pattern synthesis and directivity control of a dipole when a collection of resonant plasmonic nanoparticles are placed in various locations in the vicinity of such a source. Recently, we began exploring such pattern syntheses and we presented our preliminary results in a recent symposium [3].
{"title":"Radiation Characteristics and Beam Forming of Multi-Particle Nanoantennas at Optical Frequencies","authors":"Jingjing Li, A. Salandrino, N. Engheta","doi":"10.1109/IWAT.2006.1609068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWAT.2006.1609068","url":null,"abstract":"Owing to their ability to manipulate electromagnetic and optical radiation in sub-wavelength domains, plasmonic materials (such as silver and gold in the IR and optical frequencies) have attracted a great deal of interest in recent years (see e.g., [1]). One of the interesting structures is the plasmonic nanoparticles with a sub-wavelength size. When the dimension of the particles is much smaller than the operating wavelength, under the optical excitation they behave as induced dipoles which can exhibit large values at plasmonic resonance. Such a feature was suggested to be exploited for modifying the life time of a radiating dipole, mainly in the context of fluorescence (see e.g., [2]). However, to the best of our knowledge, less attention has been paid to the pattern synthesis and directivity control of a dipole when a collection of resonant plasmonic nanoparticles are placed in various locations in the vicinity of such a source. Recently, we began exploring such pattern syntheses and we presented our preliminary results in a recent symposium [3].","PeriodicalId":162557,"journal":{"name":"IEEE International Workshop on Antenna Technology Small Antennas and Novel Metamaterials, 2006.","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128932968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-03-06DOI: 10.1109/IWAT.2006.1608975
J. Ding, Jun Hu, S.N. Khan, Z. Ying, Sailing He
Ultra-wideband antennas with omni-directional coverage have an increasing demand for the applications of e.g. wireless communication services. Most of these applications require an antenna of compact size and low profile. Compared with spheroidal, biconical, spiral or discone types of antennas which have been used for ultra wideband (UWB) systems, planar monopole antennas [1-3] have many advantages such as wide impedance bandwidth, omni-directional radiation pattern, compact and simple structure, low cost and ease of fabrication. However, a traditional monopole antenna usually has the dimension of about quarter wavelength at the low frequency band in order to radiate efficiently [1].
{"title":"An Ultra-wideband Monopole Antenna of Small Size","authors":"J. Ding, Jun Hu, S.N. Khan, Z. Ying, Sailing He","doi":"10.1109/IWAT.2006.1608975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWAT.2006.1608975","url":null,"abstract":"Ultra-wideband antennas with omni-directional coverage have an increasing demand for the applications of e.g. wireless communication services. Most of these applications require an antenna of compact size and low profile. Compared with spheroidal, biconical, spiral or discone types of antennas which have been used for ultra wideband (UWB) systems, planar monopole antennas [1-3] have many advantages such as wide impedance bandwidth, omni-directional radiation pattern, compact and simple structure, low cost and ease of fabrication. However, a traditional monopole antenna usually has the dimension of about quarter wavelength at the low frequency band in order to radiate efficiently [1].","PeriodicalId":162557,"journal":{"name":"IEEE International Workshop on Antenna Technology Small Antennas and Novel Metamaterials, 2006.","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129026097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-03-06DOI: 10.1109/IWAT.2006.1608962
E. Sáenz, I. Ederra, R. Gonzalo, P. de Maagt
Trabajo presentado al IEEE International Workshop on Antenna Technology (IWAT06). Nueva York, 2006.
Trabajo在IEEE天线技术国际研讨会(IWAT06)上发表演讲。纽约，2006年。
{"title":"Enhancement of the Power Radiated by a Dipole Antenna at Boresight by Means of a Left Handed Superstrate","authors":"E. Sáenz, I. Ederra, R. Gonzalo, P. de Maagt","doi":"10.1109/IWAT.2006.1608962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWAT.2006.1608962","url":null,"abstract":"Trabajo presentado al IEEE International Workshop on Antenna Technology (IWAT06). Nueva York, 2006.","PeriodicalId":162557,"journal":{"name":"IEEE International Workshop on Antenna Technology Small Antennas and Novel Metamaterials, 2006.","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129236563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents an evaluation of electromagnetic (EM) emission energy by using far-field environmental measurement. The ultra wide-band (UWB) radiator is used due to fit characteristics of new generation communication device. It is applied to approach specific anthropomorphic mannequin (SAM) in order to measure in terms of EM energy, radiation pattern, impedance, and specific absorption rate (SAR), respectively. Scattering and power absorption are also evaluated. Finally, the numerical method FDTD is used to compare experiment results. By using far-field to measure EM radiation energy may be acceptable and worktable.
{"title":"Characteristics of UWB Bands Measurement, Human Effect, and Power Absorption","authors":"Sheng‐Yi Huang, Guan-Yu Chen, Yun-Ta Chen, Jwo-Shiun Sun, Shuang-Yuan Chen","doi":"10.1109/IWAT.2006.1609037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWAT.2006.1609037","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an evaluation of electromagnetic (EM) emission energy by using far-field environmental measurement. The ultra wide-band (UWB) radiator is used due to fit characteristics of new generation communication device. It is applied to approach specific anthropomorphic mannequin (SAM) in order to measure in terms of EM energy, radiation pattern, impedance, and specific absorption rate (SAR), respectively. Scattering and power absorption are also evaluated. Finally, the numerical method FDTD is used to compare experiment results. By using far-field to measure EM radiation energy may be acceptable and worktable.","PeriodicalId":162557,"journal":{"name":"IEEE International Workshop on Antenna Technology Small Antennas and Novel Metamaterials, 2006.","volume":"192 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121101866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-03-06DOI: 10.1109/IWAT.2006.1609058
M. Antoniades, F. Qureshi, G. Eleftheriades
Metamaterials are artificial structures that have been engineered to exhibit electromagnetic properties that are not usually found in natural media. Metamaterials that exhibit a simultaneously negative electric permittivity ε and magnetic permeability μ, and thus a negative refractive index (NRI), have recently attracted considerable attention in the microwave community [1],[2]. This has been motivated by the potential to create new microwave devices that exhibit superior qualities compared to their conventional counterparts [3]-[5]. A useful method of implementing planar metamaterials is based on reactively loaded transmission lines (TL). Transmission line NRI media consist of a network of printed transmission lines periodically loaded with lumped-element series capacitors (Co) and shunt inductors (Lo) in a dual-TL (high-pass) configuration [3]-[14]. The planar nature of the TL-based metamaterial (MM) structures renders them well suited for the realization of planar microwave antennas and circuits [3]-[14]. Recent review articles on the characteristics and potential applications of metamaterials can be found in [13]-[15].
{"title":"Lead Invited Talk: Antenna Applications of Negative-Refractive-Index Transmission-Line Metamaterials","authors":"M. Antoniades, F. Qureshi, G. Eleftheriades","doi":"10.1109/IWAT.2006.1609058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWAT.2006.1609058","url":null,"abstract":"Metamaterials are artificial structures that have been engineered to exhibit electromagnetic properties that are not usually found in natural media. Metamaterials that exhibit a simultaneously negative electric permittivity ε and magnetic permeability μ, and thus a negative refractive index (NRI), have recently attracted considerable attention in the microwave community [1],[2]. This has been motivated by the potential to create new microwave devices that exhibit superior qualities compared to their conventional counterparts [3]-[5]. A useful method of implementing planar metamaterials is based on reactively loaded transmission lines (TL). Transmission line NRI media consist of a network of printed transmission lines periodically loaded with lumped-element series capacitors (Co) and shunt inductors (Lo) in a dual-TL (high-pass) configuration [3]-[14]. The planar nature of the TL-based metamaterial (MM) structures renders them well suited for the realization of planar microwave antennas and circuits [3]-[14]. Recent review articles on the characteristics and potential applications of metamaterials can be found in [13]-[15].","PeriodicalId":162557,"journal":{"name":"IEEE International Workshop on Antenna Technology Small Antennas and Novel Metamaterials, 2006.","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124384663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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