Modern industrial development is accompanied by the increasingly frequent occurrence of accidental release atmospheric dispersion events, causing extremely serious human and property losses and environmental pollution, in which rapid and accurate prediction of atmospheric dispersion is an important task to mitigate the unexpected consequences. In this paper, we take the case of previous years as the starting point, firstly, the occurred hazardous chemical atmospheric dispersion accidents in the past five years are shown, and the related concepts of hazardous chemical atmospheric dispersion are given. Then, the current state of atmospheric dispersion research is reviewed, well-known experiments on atmospheric dispersion of hazardous chemicals are summarized, and correspondingly the existing atmospheric dispersion prediction models are classified into simplified-experience models, mechanism- and rule-driven models and data-driven models. In particular, for the purpose of rapid atmospheric dispersion prediction, some research on atmospheric detection and identification are analyzed in detail. Moreover, the relevant professional software for atmospheric dispersion prediction are introduced, and also their calculation adaptabilities regarding time-consumption and output accuracy are discussed. Thereinafter, according to the shortcomings of existing atmospheric dispersion prediction models in research and application fields, the development trend of atmospheric dispersion prediction research and technology is foreseen, and some feasible future research directions are proposed as follows: (1) the fusion of image processing techniques, the establishment of a database of historical accident scene information and meteorological information, (2) new correction algorithms, and (3) an emergency response system for full-scene atmospheric dispersion prediction.
{"title":"Atmospheric dispersion prediction of accidental release: A review","authors":"Zhan-liang Dou, Zhe Liu, Li-Li Li, H. Zhou, Qianlin Wang, Jianwen Zhang, Liang-Jun Chen","doi":"10.48130/emst-2022-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48130/emst-2022-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Modern industrial development is accompanied by the increasingly frequent occurrence of accidental release atmospheric dispersion events, causing extremely serious human and property losses and environmental pollution, in which rapid and accurate prediction of atmospheric dispersion is an important task to mitigate the unexpected consequences. In this paper, we take the case of previous years as the starting point, firstly, the occurred hazardous chemical atmospheric dispersion accidents in the past five years are shown, and the related concepts of hazardous chemical atmospheric dispersion are given. Then, the current state of atmospheric dispersion research is reviewed, well-known experiments on atmospheric dispersion of hazardous chemicals are summarized, and correspondingly the existing atmospheric dispersion prediction models are classified into simplified-experience models, mechanism- and rule-driven models and data-driven models. In particular, for the purpose of rapid atmospheric dispersion prediction, some research on atmospheric detection and identification are analyzed in detail. Moreover, the relevant professional software for atmospheric dispersion prediction are introduced, and also their calculation adaptabilities regarding time-consumption and output accuracy are discussed. Thereinafter, according to the shortcomings of existing atmospheric dispersion prediction models in research and application fields, the development trend of atmospheric dispersion prediction research and technology is foreseen, and some feasible future research directions are proposed as follows: (1) the fusion of image processing techniques, the establishment of a database of historical accident scene information and meteorological information, (2) new correction algorithms, and (3) an emergency response system for full-scene atmospheric dispersion prediction.","PeriodicalId":163015,"journal":{"name":"Emergency Management Science and Technology","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129601491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qiang Chen, Jianshe Wang, Mengjia Gao, Longfei Liu, Junjun Tao
{"title":"Review on loss prevention of chemical reaction thermal runaway: Principle and application","authors":"Qiang Chen, Jianshe Wang, Mengjia Gao, Longfei Liu, Junjun Tao","doi":"10.48130/emst-2022-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48130/emst-2022-0010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":163015,"journal":{"name":"Emergency Management Science and Technology","volume":"491 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115883259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
X. Li, P. Maghelal, Sudha Arlikatti, Christine R. Dorsett
{"title":"Review of Evacuee Mobilization Challenges Causing Time-Lag: Conceptualizing a New Framework","authors":"X. Li, P. Maghelal, Sudha Arlikatti, Christine R. Dorsett","doi":"10.48130/emst-2022-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48130/emst-2022-0020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":163015,"journal":{"name":"Emergency Management Science and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131848554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Addressing Early Warning Challenges Using Satellites to Improve Emergency Evacuation","authors":"G. Potutan, Koji Suzuki","doi":"10.48130/emst-2023-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48130/emst-2023-0004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":163015,"journal":{"name":"Emergency Management Science and Technology","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134200899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Du, Qian Zhang, Kaixuan Wang, Weilong Cui, Yangyang Guo, Yunxuan Deng
{"title":"Study on Crowd Evacuation in Subway Transfer Station Fire Based on Numerical Simulation","authors":"F. Du, Qian Zhang, Kaixuan Wang, Weilong Cui, Yangyang Guo, Yunxuan Deng","doi":"10.48130/emst-2022-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48130/emst-2022-0016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":163015,"journal":{"name":"Emergency Management Science and Technology","volume":"05 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127258001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Learning From Disasters: The 22/7-Terrorism in Norway and COVID-19 Through a Failure Modelling Lens","authors":"Henriette Kirksæther Bendiksby, A. Labib","doi":"10.48130/emst-2023-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48130/emst-2023-0007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":163015,"journal":{"name":"Emergency Management Science and Technology","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127442390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Integration of HAZOP and Bayesian Network in City Gas Explosion Emergency Response Processes","authors":"Peng Gao, Weijun Li","doi":"10.48130/emst-2022-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48130/emst-2022-0019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":163015,"journal":{"name":"Emergency Management Science and Technology","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132411488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In order to systematically explain the spreading mechanism of vertical fire, Pyrosim software with fire dynamic modules is used to simulate the fire spreading characteristics in a five-storey residential apartment building. The vertical spread characteristics of fire, high-temperature smoke, and leap-frog behavior are analyzed by evaluating the distribution of pressure, temperature, and gas flow velocity in the studied numerical fire field. In addition, considering the possible cases of high-rise building fire in reality, the fire spreading characteristics of three different opening sequences of glass windows are given: (i) only the windows on the first floor are open; (ii) the windows are randomly opened by the high temperature of the glass; (iii) all glass windows from the first to the fifth floors are open. The simulation results show that an appropriate increase of turbulent flow in the low-level area can greatly reduce the fire temperature in the high-level area, which can provide a certain reference for the safety and design of building fire protection in the future. Influence of open and closed windows on the vertical spread characteristics of fire.
{"title":"Influence of open and closed windows on the vertical spread characteristics of fire","authors":"Kai Wang, Wei Zhao, Yuan Yuan, Yu Jianyao, Yanan Song, Peifeng Hu, Jingwei Huang","doi":"10.48130/emst-2022-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48130/emst-2022-0001","url":null,"abstract":"In order to systematically explain the spreading mechanism of vertical fire, Pyrosim software with fire dynamic modules is used to simulate the fire spreading characteristics in a five-storey residential apartment building. The vertical spread characteristics of fire, high-temperature smoke, and leap-frog behavior are analyzed by evaluating the distribution of pressure, temperature, and gas flow velocity in the studied numerical fire field. In addition, considering the possible cases of high-rise building fire in reality, the fire spreading characteristics of three different opening sequences of glass windows are given: (i) only the windows on the first floor are open; (ii) the windows are randomly opened by the high temperature of the glass; (iii) all glass windows from the first to the fifth floors are open. The simulation results show that an appropriate increase of turbulent flow in the low-level area can greatly reduce the fire temperature in the high-level area, which can provide a certain reference for the safety and design of building fire protection in the future. Influence of open and closed windows on the vertical spread characteristics of fire.","PeriodicalId":163015,"journal":{"name":"Emergency Management Science and Technology","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132184093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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