Wang Zhan, Daolin Du, Jie Ding, Wei Zhang, Minxue Zheng, Lixia Li, Qinghong Kong, Mingyi Chen, Fan Shi, Zhiyuan Xu
In the context of rapid urbanization, urban security has a huge impact on social stability, such as the huge property losses and casualties. Especially in extreme weather conditions, disaster accidents will further expand, thus the study of urban safety early warning is necessary. Firstly, this paper introduces the current situation and problems of the urban security. Then, the urban safety early warning system and emergency response mechanism under snowstorm weather are established and discussed according to the current situation. Finally, this paper puts forward suggestions and measures for the urban safety emergency rescue guarantee mechanism under snowstorm weather.
{"title":"Researches on urban safety early warning system and emergency response mechanism under snowstorm weather","authors":"Wang Zhan, Daolin Du, Jie Ding, Wei Zhang, Minxue Zheng, Lixia Li, Qinghong Kong, Mingyi Chen, Fan Shi, Zhiyuan Xu","doi":"10.48130/emst-2023-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48130/emst-2023-0010","url":null,"abstract":"In the context of rapid urbanization, urban security has a huge impact on social stability, such as the huge property losses and casualties. Especially in extreme weather conditions, disaster accidents will further expand, thus the study of urban safety early warning is necessary. Firstly, this paper introduces the current situation and problems of the urban security. Then, the urban safety early warning system and emergency response mechanism under snowstorm weather are established and discussed according to the current situation. Finally, this paper puts forward suggestions and measures for the urban safety emergency rescue guarantee mechanism under snowstorm weather.","PeriodicalId":163015,"journal":{"name":"Emergency Management Science and Technology","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135600664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Work safety expenses, as legally required, should be used to meet and improve the prescribed work safety conditions of the business entity specially. The standardized set-aside, use and management of work safety expenses can ensure the normal development of work safety activities and the safety of employees' lives and property. The historical evolution of work safety expenses in China is described in detail, from the department rules of work safety expenses set-aside for coal production enterprises, fireworks and firecracker production enterprises, and other single enterprise types to the comprehensive department rules, applicable to the management of work safety expenses in multiple industries. The set-aside standard and time of work safety expenses of different types of enterprises are comprehensively compared, and the standardized set-aside of work safety expenses is explained by taking the production and storage enterprises of dangerous chemicals as an example. It is analyzed that the scope of use of work safety expenses includes the construction of emergency rescue teams, major hazard detection, safety risk grading management, hidden trouble checking, construction of work safety information, etc. Through the establishment of a three-level linkage of government supervision, enterprise implementation, and third-party agency services, the standardized management of work safety expenses will be realized.
{"title":"Research on the Set-aside, Use and Administration for Work Safety Expenses of the Business Entity in China","authors":"Congming MA, Jiani Xu, Peng MA","doi":"10.48130/emst-2023-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48130/emst-2023-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Work safety expenses, as legally required, should be used to meet and improve the prescribed work safety conditions of the business entity specially. The standardized set-aside, use and management of work safety expenses can ensure the normal development of work safety activities and the safety of employees' lives and property. The historical evolution of work safety expenses in China is described in detail, from the department rules of work safety expenses set-aside for coal production enterprises, fireworks and firecracker production enterprises, and other single enterprise types to the comprehensive department rules, applicable to the management of work safety expenses in multiple industries. The set-aside standard and time of work safety expenses of different types of enterprises are comprehensively compared, and the standardized set-aside of work safety expenses is explained by taking the production and storage enterprises of dangerous chemicals as an example. It is analyzed that the scope of use of work safety expenses includes the construction of emergency rescue teams, major hazard detection, safety risk grading management, hidden trouble checking, construction of work safety information, etc. Through the establishment of a three-level linkage of government supervision, enterprise implementation, and third-party agency services, the standardized management of work safety expenses will be realized.","PeriodicalId":163015,"journal":{"name":"Emergency Management Science and Technology","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135058233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhenlu Shao, Siyu Lu, Xunxian Shi, Dezhi Yang, Zhaolong Wang
Computer vision technology has broad application prospects in the field of intelligent fire detection, which has the benefits of accuracy, timeliness, visibility, adjustability, and multi-scene adaptability. Traditional computer vision algorithm flaws include erroneous detection, detection gaps, poor precision, and slow detection speed. In this paper, the efficient and lightweight YOLOv5s model is used to detect the fire flame and smoke. The attention mechanism is embedded into the C3 module to enhance the backbone network and maximize the algorithm's suppression of invalid feature data. Alpha CIOU is adopted to improve the positioning function and detection target. At the same time, the concept of transfer learning is used to realize semi-automatic data annotation, which reduces training expenses in terms of manpower and time. The comparative experiments of 6 distinct fire detection algorithms (YOLOv5 and 5 optimization algorithms) are carried out. The results indicate that the self-attention mechanism based on the Transformer structure has a substantial impact on enhancing target detection precision. The improved location function based on Alpha CIOU aids in enhancing the detection recall rate. The average recall rate of fire detection of the YOlOv5+TR+αCIOU algorithm is the highest, which is 68.5%, clearly outperforming other algorithms. Based on the surveillance video, this optimization algorithm is utilized to detect a fire in a factory, and the fire is detected in the 9th second when it starts to appear. The results demonstrate the algorithm's viability for real-time fire detection.
{"title":"Fire detection method based on an optimized YOLOv5 algorithm","authors":"Zhenlu Shao, Siyu Lu, Xunxian Shi, Dezhi Yang, Zhaolong Wang","doi":"10.48130/emst-2023-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48130/emst-2023-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Computer vision technology has broad application prospects in the field of intelligent fire detection, which has the benefits of accuracy, timeliness, visibility, adjustability, and multi-scene adaptability. Traditional computer vision algorithm flaws include erroneous detection, detection gaps, poor precision, and slow detection speed. In this paper, the efficient and lightweight YOLOv5s model is used to detect the fire flame and smoke. The attention mechanism is embedded into the C3 module to enhance the backbone network and maximize the algorithm's suppression of invalid feature data. Alpha CIOU is adopted to improve the positioning function and detection target. At the same time, the concept of transfer learning is used to realize semi-automatic data annotation, which reduces training expenses in terms of manpower and time. The comparative experiments of 6 distinct fire detection algorithms (YOLOv5 and 5 optimization algorithms) are carried out. The results indicate that the self-attention mechanism based on the Transformer structure has a substantial impact on enhancing target detection precision. The improved location function based on Alpha CIOU aids in enhancing the detection recall rate. The average recall rate of fire detection of the YOlOv5+TR+αCIOU algorithm is the highest, which is 68.5%, clearly outperforming other algorithms. Based on the surveillance video, this optimization algorithm is utilized to detect a fire in a factory, and the fire is detected in the 9<sup>th</sup> second when it starts to appear. The results demonstrate the algorithm's viability for real-time fire detection.","PeriodicalId":163015,"journal":{"name":"Emergency Management Science and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135600343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Firefighting involves performing intense physical activity under a wide range of movements; thus, it is essential that firefighting personal protective equipment (PPE) allows for dynamic ergonomic mobility. Little research has been performed on structural firefighting PPE user needs in the United States (US) recently, especially that which has a specific focus on mobility to reduce the high incident rate of firefighter injuries. The purpose of this research was to investigate current structural firefighting personal protective clothing user needs in the US as they relate to ergonomic mobility. An online survey was designed and distributed via fire service organizations across the US to career and volunteer structural firefighters. Four hundred and twenty responses were received regarding the fit, mobility, comfort, and design of current turnout gear. Main areas of fit and mobility improvement were identified in the lower body region, specifically in the crotch area of the pants. Functionality features were also identified with priority given to interface integration, specifically in the hood/collar region, improved closure functionality, and enhanced tool and radio access. Additional comfort enhancing needs were expressed to further reduce heat stress such as clothing ventilation and other passive means of heat loss. This research confirms the continued need for turnout gear fit improvement such that firefighters can perform their jobs while experiencing less mobility restrictions and fewer injuries.
{"title":"Structural firefighter personal protective clothing user needs in the US: a mobility perspective","authors":"Meredith McQuerry, Sheryl Schofield","doi":"10.48130/emst-2023-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48130/emst-2023-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Firefighting involves performing intense physical activity under a wide range of movements; thus, it is essential that firefighting personal protective equipment (PPE) allows for dynamic ergonomic mobility. Little research has been performed on structural firefighting PPE user needs in the United States (US) recently, especially that which has a specific focus on mobility to reduce the high incident rate of firefighter injuries. The purpose of this research was to investigate current structural firefighting personal protective clothing user needs in the US as they relate to ergonomic mobility. An online survey was designed and distributed <italic>via</italic> fire service organizations across the US to career and volunteer structural firefighters. Four hundred and twenty responses were received regarding the fit, mobility, comfort, and design of current turnout gear. Main areas of fit and mobility improvement were identified in the lower body region, specifically in the crotch area of the pants. Functionality features were also identified with priority given to interface integration, specifically in the hood/collar region, improved closure functionality, and enhanced tool and radio access. Additional comfort enhancing needs were expressed to further reduce heat stress such as clothing ventilation and other passive means of heat loss. This research confirms the continued need for turnout gear fit improvement such that firefighters can perform their jobs while experiencing less mobility restrictions and fewer injuries.","PeriodicalId":163015,"journal":{"name":"Emergency Management Science and Technology","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135505847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Who prepares? Seismic Risk, Household Income, and Individual Earthquake Preparedness in California","authors":"Reyna L. Reyes-Nunez, Thomas Jamieson","doi":"10.48130/emst-2023-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48130/emst-2023-0013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":163015,"journal":{"name":"Emergency Management Science and Technology","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134981209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In order to increase the general concepts of safety science which can be used to represent the comprehensive safety & security level of a system, a compound word of safety & security civilization (SSC) is proposed, based on the connotation and attributes of words of civilization, safety and security. Then, the narrow and generalized definitions and their connotations of SSC are given respectively. Further analysis shows that the property of SSC is of comprehensiveness, generality, abstractness and progressiveness. On this basis, various classifications of SSC are made from different perspectives and dimensions, and the similarities and differences between SSC and safety culture are compared. SSC is an advanced part of generalized safety culture and can be used to guide the construction of safety culture. The research shows that the new concept of SSC can be widely used to express the whole safety & security level at a certain time and space, and has important value in practical applications.
{"title":"Why should safety &amp; security civilization (SSC) be a new concept of safety science?","authors":"Chao Wu","doi":"10.48130/emst-2023-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48130/emst-2023-0014","url":null,"abstract":"In order to increase the general concepts of safety science which can be used to represent the comprehensive safety & security level of a system, a compound word of safety & security civilization (SSC) is proposed, based on the connotation and attributes of words of civilization, safety and security. Then, the narrow and generalized definitions and their connotations of SSC are given respectively. Further analysis shows that the property of SSC is of comprehensiveness, generality, abstractness and progressiveness. On this basis, various classifications of SSC are made from different perspectives and dimensions, and the similarities and differences between SSC and safety culture are compared. SSC is an advanced part of generalized safety culture and can be used to guide the construction of safety culture. The research shows that the new concept of SSC can be widely used to express the whole safety & security level at a certain time and space, and has important value in practical applications.","PeriodicalId":163015,"journal":{"name":"Emergency Management Science and Technology","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135210821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Paradigm Shift and Prospect of China's Earthquake Emergency Management Policies: Based on the analysis of historical institutionalism","authors":"X. Cui","doi":"10.48130/emst-2022-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48130/emst-2022-0014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":163015,"journal":{"name":"Emergency Management Science and Technology","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127631714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research discusses how to use a real-time Artificial Intelligence (AI) object detection model to improve on-site incident command and personal accountability in fire response. We utilized images of firegrounds obtained from an online resource and a local fire department to train the AI object detector, YOLOv4. Consequently, the real-time AI object detector can reach more than ninety percent accuracy when counting the number of fire trucks and firefighters on the ground utilizing images from local fire departments. Our initial results indicate AI provides an innovative method to maintain fireground personnel accountability at the scenes of fires. By connecting cameras to additional emergency management equipment (e.g., cameras in fire trucks and ambulances or drones), this research highlights how this technology can be broadly applied to various scenarios of disaster response, thus improving on-site incident fire command and enhancing personnel accountability on the fireground.
{"title":"Applying Artificial Intelligence (AI) to Improve Fire Response Activities","authors":"R. Chang, Yan Peng, Seong-Jin Choi, Changjie Cai","doi":"10.48130/emst-2022-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48130/emst-2022-0007","url":null,"abstract":"This research discusses how to use a real-time Artificial Intelligence (AI) object detection model to improve on-site incident command and personal accountability in fire response. We utilized images of firegrounds obtained from an online resource and a local fire department to train the AI object detector, YOLOv4. Consequently, the real-time AI object detector can reach more than ninety percent accuracy when counting the number of fire trucks and firefighters on the ground utilizing images from local fire departments. Our initial results indicate AI provides an innovative method to maintain fireground personnel accountability at the scenes of fires. By connecting cameras to additional emergency management equipment (e.g., cameras in fire trucks and ambulances or drones), this research highlights how this technology can be broadly applied to various scenarios of disaster response, thus improving on-site incident fire command and enhancing personnel accountability on the fireground.","PeriodicalId":163015,"journal":{"name":"Emergency Management Science and Technology","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133279708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A comparative study of GA, PSO and SCE algorithms for estimating kinetics of biomass pyrolysis","authors":"Hongfang Wang, Junhui Gong","doi":"10.48130/emst-2023-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48130/emst-2023-0009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":163015,"journal":{"name":"Emergency Management Science and Technology","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123555667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Study on cavitation of liquid nitrogen in pump induced by coupling of pressure drop and external temperature","authors":"F. Yang, C. Shao","doi":"10.48130/emst-2022-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48130/emst-2022-0018","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":163015,"journal":{"name":"Emergency Management Science and Technology","volume":"164 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122053631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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