Pub Date : 1994-10-10DOI: 10.1109/SPCON.1994.344423
B. Boehm, P. Bose
A primary difficulty in applying the spiral model has been the lack of explicit process guidance in determining the prospective system's objectives, constraints, and alternatives that get elaborated in each cycle. This paper presents an extension of the spiral model, called the Next Generation Process Model (NGPM), which uses the Theory W(win-win) approach (Boehm-Ross, 1989) to converge on a system's next-level objectives, constraints, and alternatives. The refined Spiral Model explicitly addresses the need for concurrent analysis, risk resolution definition, and elaboration of both the software product and the software process in a collaborative manner. This paper also describes some of the key elements of the support system developed based on the model and refined through experiments with it. It reports on experiences in applying NGPM to a large Department of Defense program.<>
{"title":"A collaborative spiral software process model based on Theory W","authors":"B. Boehm, P. Bose","doi":"10.1109/SPCON.1994.344423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SPCON.1994.344423","url":null,"abstract":"A primary difficulty in applying the spiral model has been the lack of explicit process guidance in determining the prospective system's objectives, constraints, and alternatives that get elaborated in each cycle. This paper presents an extension of the spiral model, called the Next Generation Process Model (NGPM), which uses the Theory W(win-win) approach (Boehm-Ross, 1989) to converge on a system's next-level objectives, constraints, and alternatives. The refined Spiral Model explicitly addresses the need for concurrent analysis, risk resolution definition, and elaboration of both the software product and the software process in a collaborative manner. This paper also describes some of the key elements of the support system developed based on the model and refined through experiments with it. It reports on experiences in applying NGPM to a large Department of Defense program.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":163642,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Third International Conference on the Software Process. Applying the Software Process","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130774831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-10-10DOI: 10.1109/SPCON.1994.344419
'. JamesW.Armitage, Gte, Marc I. Kellner
Presents a conceptual schema for process definitions and models. This conceptual schema offers a single, integrated view of the important information content elements, as well as the major interconnections among them. It is not tied to any specific modeling or definition language; rather, it is sufficiently general that it can be used in conjunction with a wide variety of such languages. The schema is based on fundamental, common notions of processes, and employs simple, natural language terminology. This paper also discusses a conceptual framework for software processes, which forms a foundation for the schema. The paper concludes with a discussion of important applications of the schema, along with future research needed to bring these applications to fruition.<>
{"title":"A conceptual schema for process definitions and models","authors":"'. JamesW.Armitage, Gte, Marc I. Kellner","doi":"10.1109/SPCON.1994.344419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SPCON.1994.344419","url":null,"abstract":"Presents a conceptual schema for process definitions and models. This conceptual schema offers a single, integrated view of the important information content elements, as well as the major interconnections among them. It is not tied to any specific modeling or definition language; rather, it is sufficiently general that it can be used in conjunction with a wide variety of such languages. The schema is based on fundamental, common notions of processes, and employs simple, natural language terminology. This paper also discusses a conceptual framework for software processes, which forms a foundation for the schema. The paper concludes with a discussion of important applications of the schema, along with future research needed to bring these applications to fruition.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":163642,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Third International Conference on the Software Process. Applying the Software Process","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133277440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-10-10DOI: 10.1109/SPCON.1994.344425
B. Warboys
The Third European Workshop on Software Process Technology (EWSPT) was held in Villard de Lans, France in February 1994. The proceedings are available as Lecture Notes in Computer Science LNCS 772, Springer-Verlag. This report is based on a collation of the reports of the session rapporteurs. Topics considered include: process modelling concepts; experiences with software process technology; meta-process/methodology; and architectures.<>
第三届欧洲软件过程技术研讨会(EWSPT)于1994年2月在法国的Villard de Lans举行。会议记录可在计算机科学讲座笔记LNCS 772, Springer-Verlag。本报告是根据各届会议报告员的报告整理而成。考虑的主题包括:过程建模概念;具有软件过程技术经验;过程背后的东西/方法;和架构。>
{"title":"Workshop report: EWSPT'94","authors":"B. Warboys","doi":"10.1109/SPCON.1994.344425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SPCON.1994.344425","url":null,"abstract":"The Third European Workshop on Software Process Technology (EWSPT) was held in Villard de Lans, France in February 1994. The proceedings are available as Lecture Notes in Computer Science LNCS 772, Springer-Verlag. This report is based on a collation of the reports of the session rapporteurs. Topics considered include: process modelling concepts; experiences with software process technology; meta-process/methodology; and architectures.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":163642,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Third International Conference on the Software Process. Applying the Software Process","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123932391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-10-10DOI: 10.1109/SPCON.1994.344428
S. Bandinelli, E. Di Nitto, A. Fuggetta
This paper discusses the characteristics that should be offered by PSEEs (process-centered software engineering environments) to support the evolution of the software process. A PSEE is a software engineering environment based on the explicit representation of the software process (the process model). Processes and process models are dynamic entities that need to evolve. Existing PSEEs offer limited capabilities to support process evolution. To address this issue, it is necessary to extend PSEEs with features that enable the process manager to effectively and consistently change the process. The design of these functionalities must be guided by a clear characterization of the evolution problem. In particular, it is necessary to understand what kinds of services a PSEE should offer as built-in mechanisms, and what kinds of functionalities have to be implemented by the process modeler as process-specific policies.<>
{"title":"Policies and mechanisms to support process evolution in PSEEs","authors":"S. Bandinelli, E. Di Nitto, A. Fuggetta","doi":"10.1109/SPCON.1994.344428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SPCON.1994.344428","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the characteristics that should be offered by PSEEs (process-centered software engineering environments) to support the evolution of the software process. A PSEE is a software engineering environment based on the explicit representation of the software process (the process model). Processes and process models are dynamic entities that need to evolve. Existing PSEEs offer limited capabilities to support process evolution. To address this issue, it is necessary to extend PSEEs with features that enable the process manager to effectively and consistently change the process. The design of these functionalities must be guided by a clear characterization of the evolution problem. In particular, it is necessary to understand what kinds of services a PSEE should offer as built-in mechanisms, and what kinds of functionalities have to be implemented by the process modeler as process-specific policies.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":163642,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Third International Conference on the Software Process. Applying the Software Process","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127523859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-10-10DOI: 10.1109/SPCON.1994.344410
W. Scacchi
The author discusses how his research team at USC has been investigating how and why software process engineering tools and techniques might be applied to problems of understanding and engineering of complex business processes. They have been engaged in process engineering research studies in business domains such as corporate finance, new product development, order fulfilment, supply chain logistics, and military procurement as well as large-scale software development and maintenance.<>
{"title":"Business processes can be software too: some initial lessons learned","authors":"W. Scacchi","doi":"10.1109/SPCON.1994.344410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SPCON.1994.344410","url":null,"abstract":"The author discusses how his research team at USC has been investigating how and why software process engineering tools and techniques might be applied to problems of understanding and engineering of complex business processes. They have been engaged in process engineering research studies in business domains such as corporate finance, new product development, order fulfilment, supply chain logistics, and military procurement as well as large-scale software development and maintenance.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":163642,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Third International Conference on the Software Process. Applying the Software Process","volume":"139 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123420461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-10-10DOI: 10.1109/SPCON.1994.344413
M. Dowson
Explores the question of whether we can apply our existing understanding of software processes (and approaches to supporting and improving them) to business processes; and conversely whether our increasing understanding of business processes can benefit software process technology.<>
{"title":"Are software processes business processes too?","authors":"M. Dowson","doi":"10.1109/SPCON.1994.344413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SPCON.1994.344413","url":null,"abstract":"Explores the question of whether we can apply our existing understanding of software processes (and approaches to supporting and improving them) to business processes; and conversely whether our increasing understanding of business processes can benefit software process technology.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":163642,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Third International Conference on the Software Process. Applying the Software Process","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122909445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-10-10DOI: 10.1109/SPCON.1994.344416
K. Ballman, L. Votta
Many software projects seek to shorten the development interval-the time from project inception to final release. To do this effectively, we must understand the mechanisms which increase these intervals, especially in large-scale software production. A significant portion of an individual feature interval seems to consist of the time lost while developers wait for meetings. We have created a simple model which relates the average waiting time to the number of meetings in developers' calendars. Generalizing from this model, we propose a change in the software inspection process. We hope this proposal will lead to further experiments. We present the motivations for our investigation, provide background information relevant to the general goals of our work, and briefly discuss related work. We then describe our model and the results of simulation runs. This is followed by a discussion of the implications with respect to large-scale software development. Finally, we offer our conclusions and suggest some solutions which we believe merit investigation.<>
{"title":"Organizational congestion in large-scale software development","authors":"K. Ballman, L. Votta","doi":"10.1109/SPCON.1994.344416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SPCON.1994.344416","url":null,"abstract":"Many software projects seek to shorten the development interval-the time from project inception to final release. To do this effectively, we must understand the mechanisms which increase these intervals, especially in large-scale software production. A significant portion of an individual feature interval seems to consist of the time lost while developers wait for meetings. We have created a simple model which relates the average waiting time to the number of meetings in developers' calendars. Generalizing from this model, we propose a change in the software inspection process. We hope this proposal will lead to further experiments. We present the motivations for our investigation, provide background information relevant to the general goals of our work, and briefly discuss related work. We then describe our model and the results of simulation runs. This is followed by a discussion of the implications with respect to large-scale software development. Finally, we offer our conclusions and suggest some solutions which we believe merit investigation.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":163642,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Third International Conference on the Software Process. Applying the Software Process","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116964722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-10-10DOI: 10.1109/SPCON.1994.344421
K. Culver-Lozo
A software development organization changes its process to take advantage of new technology, correct mistakes, or to produce new products. This paper describes the experiences of a software development organization improving its process. By focusing on making process definitions usable by those who execute the process and by collecting data on needed improvements throughout the execution of the process, the organization has introduced several hundred changes to the process and has incorporated these changes into its operations.<>
{"title":"Rapid iteration in software process improvement: experience report","authors":"K. Culver-Lozo","doi":"10.1109/SPCON.1994.344421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SPCON.1994.344421","url":null,"abstract":"A software development organization changes its process to take advantage of new technology, correct mistakes, or to produce new products. This paper describes the experiences of a software development organization improving its process. By focusing on making process definitions usable by those who execute the process and by collecting data on needed improvements throughout the execution of the process, the organization has introduced several hundred changes to the process and has incorporated these changes into its operations.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":163642,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Third International Conference on the Software Process. Applying the Software Process","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130710726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-10-10DOI: 10.1109/SPCON.1994.344418
N. Barghouti, D. Rosenblum
Describes a case study whose objective was to determine the feasibility, utility and limitations of using a process support tool to model and analyze a real process in active use by a large software development organization. The subject of our study was a process used in the maintenance of the AT&T 5ESS switching system software. The process was interesting to study primarily because it is a human-intensive process, which makes it less amenable to automation than build-like processes. Marvel 3.1 was used to create an executable model of the process. A key feature of our model is the separation of the informational aspects of the process from its operational aspects. The Marvel environment can be used for simulation, guidance, and tracking and querying the state of the process as it is performed. One of the key lessons learned from the study was that a complete process model must include an information model as well as the traditional activity model.<>
{"title":"A case study in modeling a human-intensive, corporate software process","authors":"N. Barghouti, D. Rosenblum","doi":"10.1109/SPCON.1994.344418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SPCON.1994.344418","url":null,"abstract":"Describes a case study whose objective was to determine the feasibility, utility and limitations of using a process support tool to model and analyze a real process in active use by a large software development organization. The subject of our study was a process used in the maintenance of the AT&T 5ESS switching system software. The process was interesting to study primarily because it is a human-intensive process, which makes it less amenable to automation than build-like processes. Marvel 3.1 was used to create an executable model of the process. A key feature of our model is the separation of the informational aspects of the process from its operational aspects. The Marvel environment can be used for simulation, guidance, and tracking and querying the state of the process as it is performed. One of the key lessons learned from the study was that a complete process model must include an information model as well as the traditional activity model.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":163642,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Third International Conference on the Software Process. Applying the Software Process","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123099406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-10-10DOI: 10.1109/SPCON.1994.344411
P. Henderson
There is much that is common to business processes and to software development processes; so much, in fact, that it is useful to consider each as a reflection of the other. I argue, on the one hand that the software development process is a special case of the more general notion of the business process. On the other hand, I argue that there is much we have learned in solving the problems of process modelling and process support for software development processes which is directly applicable in the realm of business processes, in particular support for change and evolution.<>
{"title":"Software processes are business processes too","authors":"P. Henderson","doi":"10.1109/SPCON.1994.344411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SPCON.1994.344411","url":null,"abstract":"There is much that is common to business processes and to software development processes; so much, in fact, that it is useful to consider each as a reflection of the other. I argue, on the one hand that the software development process is a special case of the more general notion of the business process. On the other hand, I argue that there is much we have learned in solving the problems of process modelling and process support for software development processes which is directly applicable in the realm of business processes, in particular support for change and evolution.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":163642,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Third International Conference on the Software Process. Applying the Software Process","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132664901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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