Pub Date : 2016-05-30DOI: 10.4172/2376-0389.1000177
Michael Ab, Scott Wd, Van Emmerik Rea
Abstract In this commentary we discuss how complex and nonlinear analysis methods, multiscale entropy (MSE) and detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) can provide insights into postural changes in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Here we highlight key methodological considerations for both MSE and DFA, specifically discuss how MS and aging impact the complexity and adaptability of postural control. As MSE and DFA are both sensitive to technical considerations, we directly address how changes in signal processing and equation parameterization impact outcomes and how these may in turn influence the interpretation of results. Furthermore, we identify how MSE and DFA identify different features of disease progression and how the associated breakdowns in physiological function manifest as postural fluctuation changes within and between different time scales. Finally, we propose a framework that combines these techniques to identify the adaptive and maladaptive changes that accompany MS progression.
{"title":"Non-Linear Techniques Reveal Adaptive and Maladaptive Postural Control Dynamics in Persons with Multiple Sclerosis","authors":"Michael Ab, Scott Wd, Van Emmerik Rea","doi":"10.4172/2376-0389.1000177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0389.1000177","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000In this commentary we discuss how complex and nonlinear analysis methods, multiscale entropy (MSE) and detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) can provide insights into postural changes in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Here we highlight key methodological considerations for both MSE and DFA, specifically discuss how MS and aging impact the complexity and adaptability of postural control. As MSE and DFA are both sensitive to technical considerations, we directly address how changes in signal processing and equation parameterization impact outcomes and how these may in turn influence the interpretation of results. Furthermore, we identify how MSE and DFA identify different features of disease progression and how the associated breakdowns in physiological function manifest as postural fluctuation changes within and between different time scales. Finally, we propose a framework that combines these techniques to identify the adaptive and maladaptive changes that accompany MS progression.","PeriodicalId":16369,"journal":{"name":"Journal of multiple sclerosis","volume":"70 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81672040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-27DOI: 10.4172/2376-0389.1000176
A. Goksemin
In this review recent advance in essential tremor is discussed in terms of clinical, pathophysiological features as well as treatment options.
本文就特发性震颤的临床、病理生理特征及治疗方案等方面的研究进展进行综述。
{"title":"Recent Advances in Essential Tremor","authors":"A. Goksemin","doi":"10.4172/2376-0389.1000176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0389.1000176","url":null,"abstract":"In this review recent advance in essential tremor is discussed in terms of clinical, pathophysiological features as well as treatment options.","PeriodicalId":16369,"journal":{"name":"Journal of multiple sclerosis","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75681437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-17DOI: 10.4172/2376-0389.1000173
M. Iester, C. Cordano, A. Costa, E. D’Alessandro, A. Panizzi, F. Bisio, A. Masala, L. Landi, Traverso Ce, A. Ferreras, G. Mancardi, A. Uccelli
Abstract Purpose: To compare the macular assessment and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness by using two different optical coherence tomographies (OCTs): a time domain (TD) and a spectral domain (SD) OCT, in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with and without unilateral optic neuritis (ON). Methods: We enrolled 34 patients (13 males and 21 females): 18 without previous episodes of ON and16 with a previous monolateral episode of ON occurred at least 3 months prior to examination. Patients underwent ophthalmological examination, TD OCT and SD OCT scans. We compared the outcomes of eyes with and without ON by using Student’s t test. Results: In the affected eye group a reduction of the average RNFL was found using TD OCT (reduction of 22.8%) with the difference between the two groups being statistically significant (p<0.05) in almost all the investigated retina areas. Similar results were found when eyes were analysed with SD OCT, also when the ganglion cell layer (GCC) was considered: a reduction of 18.1% of GCC average thickness was found. No significant difference was found when the outer retina was considered. Conclusions: In MS patients both OCT systems were able to detect a difference between eyes with an outcome of optic neuritis and those without optic neuritis.
{"title":"Effectiveness of Time Domain and Spectral Domain Optical CoherenceTomograph to Evaluate Eyes with And Without Optic Neuritis in MultipleSclerosi Patients","authors":"M. Iester, C. Cordano, A. Costa, E. D’Alessandro, A. Panizzi, F. Bisio, A. Masala, L. Landi, Traverso Ce, A. Ferreras, G. Mancardi, A. Uccelli","doi":"10.4172/2376-0389.1000173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0389.1000173","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000Purpose: To compare the macular assessment and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness by using two different optical coherence tomographies (OCTs): a time domain (TD) and a spectral domain (SD) OCT, in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with and without unilateral optic neuritis (ON). \u0000Methods: We enrolled 34 patients (13 males and 21 females): 18 without previous episodes of ON and16 with a previous monolateral episode of ON occurred at least 3 months prior to examination. Patients underwent ophthalmological examination, TD OCT and SD OCT scans. We compared the outcomes of eyes with and without ON by using Student’s t test. \u0000Results: In the affected eye group a reduction of the average RNFL was found using TD OCT (reduction of 22.8%) with the difference between the two groups being statistically significant (p<0.05) in almost all the investigated retina areas. Similar results were found when eyes were analysed with SD OCT, also when the ganglion cell layer (GCC) was considered: a reduction of 18.1% of GCC average thickness was found. No significant difference was found when the outer retina was considered. \u0000Conclusions: In MS patients both OCT systems were able to detect a difference between eyes with an outcome of optic neuritis and those without optic neuritis.","PeriodicalId":16369,"journal":{"name":"Journal of multiple sclerosis","volume":"23 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82759010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-10DOI: 10.4172/2376-0389.1000172
Susan Cm, Francesca Em
{"title":"TNF Blockade, CNS Autoimmunity, Sex, and the Microbiome","authors":"Susan Cm, Francesca Em","doi":"10.4172/2376-0389.1000172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0389.1000172","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16369,"journal":{"name":"Journal of multiple sclerosis","volume":"87 3 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72844549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-07DOI: 10.4172/2376-0389.1000169
D. Samira, J. Mehreen, A. Ann-Kristin, I. Alhadi, L. Maximilian, B. Richard, S. Juergen, C. Patra
Abstract Objective: The safe removal of central nervous system tumors in or near eloquent tissue remains extremely challenging due to its complex anatomy. The injury of eloquent tissue can have serious consequences for both mental and physical health while an insufficiently resected tumor bears a high risk of tumor recurrence decreasing the patient’s life quality and quantity. The novel method, confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE), promises safe tumor resection as it permits intraoperative histological imaging of tissues in real-time. Thus, aim of the current study was to evaluate CLE for a fast diagnosis of brain and spinal cord lesions in neurosurgery. Methods: CLE was used for an ex vivo assessment of tumor samples from 258 diverse central nervous system lesions. Additionally, traditional histology was performed on the same examined tissue as the gold standard. Nonneoplastic brain tissue served as a control. Results: The examination of brain and spinal biopsies using CLE allowed the identification of healthy tissue, primary brain and spinal tumors, metastases, abscesses and vascular malformations with a high accuracy of 88.64%. Confocal imaging provided precise cellular and sub-cellular details such as psammoma bodies in meningiomas, perivascular pseudorosettes in ependymomas, microvascular proliferation in glioblastomas and mitotic activity in highgrade tumors. Conclusion: CLE is a promising method for distinguishing tumor from the surrounding healthy tissue, as well as for the immediate diagnosis of biopsies. Our studies have the potential to establish a faster preliminary diagnosis in an ongoing surgery as compared to current available methods. Moreover, the presented characteristic cellular and subcellular confocal features of examined tumors and non-neoplastic tissues could be used to guide future tumor surgeries to enable a more precise and safe resection.
{"title":"Analysis of 258 Different Lesions of the Central Nervous System for RealTime Histopathological Diagnosis Using Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy","authors":"D. Samira, J. Mehreen, A. Ann-Kristin, I. Alhadi, L. Maximilian, B. Richard, S. Juergen, C. Patra","doi":"10.4172/2376-0389.1000169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0389.1000169","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000Objective: \u0000The safe removal of central nervous system tumors in or near eloquent tissue remains extremely challenging due to its complex anatomy. The injury of eloquent tissue can have serious consequences for both mental and physical health while an insufficiently resected tumor bears a high risk of tumor recurrence decreasing the patient’s life quality and quantity. The novel method, confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE), promises safe tumor resection as it permits intraoperative histological imaging of tissues in real-time. Thus, aim of the current study was to evaluate CLE for a fast diagnosis of brain and spinal cord lesions in neurosurgery. \u0000Methods: CLE was used for an ex vivo assessment of tumor samples from 258 diverse central nervous system lesions. Additionally, traditional histology was performed on the same examined tissue as the gold standard. Nonneoplastic brain tissue served as a control. \u0000Results: The examination of brain and spinal biopsies using CLE allowed the identification of healthy tissue, primary brain and spinal tumors, metastases, abscesses and vascular malformations with a high accuracy of 88.64%. Confocal imaging provided precise cellular and sub-cellular details such as psammoma bodies in meningiomas, perivascular pseudorosettes in ependymomas, microvascular proliferation in glioblastomas and mitotic activity in highgrade tumors. \u0000Conclusion: CLE is a promising method for distinguishing tumor from the surrounding healthy tissue, as well as for the immediate diagnosis of biopsies. Our studies have the potential to establish a faster preliminary diagnosis in an ongoing surgery as compared to current available methods. Moreover, the presented characteristic cellular and subcellular confocal features of examined tumors and non-neoplastic tissues could be used to guide future tumor surgeries to enable a more precise and safe resection.","PeriodicalId":16369,"journal":{"name":"Journal of multiple sclerosis","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91111343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-05DOI: 10.4172/2376-0389.1000168
J. Comachio
There are numerous measures treatment for the study of muscle weakness and a number of reviews of these assessment instruments and therapies are been conducted. This is a commentary about efficacy of treatment with acupuncture and electro acupuncture in muscle weakness. Weakness is a decrease in the strength in one or more muscles, in the strictest sense, the medical definition of weakness refers to loss of muscle strength. Weakness may be generalized or may affect one muscle or muscle group exclusively. Diseases of the neuromuscular system, injuries, metabolic diseases, and toxins can all cause of measurable muscle weakness. Many studies investigate the effectiveness the Acupuncture and other therapies of the Traditional Chinese Medicine to these problems [1-6]. These studies represent research focusing on different levels of inquiry and on different features of the complex neural feedback system that are manifested in the robust relationships between several behavioral, psychological, physiological, and health processes.
{"title":"Clinical Commentary: About Acupuncture and Electroacupuncture in Advances in Muscle Weakness","authors":"J. Comachio","doi":"10.4172/2376-0389.1000168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0389.1000168","url":null,"abstract":"There are numerous measures treatment for the study of muscle weakness and a number of reviews of these assessment instruments and therapies are been conducted. This is a commentary about efficacy of treatment with acupuncture and electro acupuncture in muscle weakness. Weakness is a decrease in the strength in one or more muscles, in the strictest sense, the medical definition of weakness refers to loss of muscle strength. Weakness may be generalized or may affect one muscle or muscle group exclusively. Diseases of the neuromuscular system, injuries, metabolic diseases, and toxins can all cause of measurable muscle weakness. Many studies investigate the effectiveness the Acupuncture and other therapies of the Traditional Chinese Medicine to these problems [1-6]. These studies represent research focusing on different levels of inquiry and on different features of the complex neural feedback system that are manifested in the robust relationships between several behavioral, psychological, physiological, and health processes.","PeriodicalId":16369,"journal":{"name":"Journal of multiple sclerosis","volume":"38 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89497474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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