Pub Date : 2017-03-28DOI: 10.4172/2376-0389.1000197
Morhenn Vb
Benztropine, an anticholinergic drug, caused a number of skin changes only in the areas of the body that previously had demonstrated clinical symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS). These changes included erythema, telangiectasias, non-pitting edema and flaky/scaly skin. Despite continuation of the benztropine, the skin changes eventually resolved. However, a few months later, minimal erythema and swelling of the joints recurred. The pathophysiological events that could be inducing these changes are discussed.
{"title":"Treating Multiple Sclerosis with an Anticholinergic Drug Causes Changes in the Skin","authors":"Morhenn Vb","doi":"10.4172/2376-0389.1000197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0389.1000197","url":null,"abstract":"Benztropine, an anticholinergic drug, caused a number of skin changes only in the areas of the body that previously had demonstrated clinical symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS). These changes included erythema, telangiectasias, non-pitting edema and flaky/scaly skin. Despite continuation of the benztropine, the skin changes eventually resolved. However, a few months later, minimal erythema and swelling of the joints recurred. The pathophysiological events that could be inducing these changes are discussed.","PeriodicalId":16369,"journal":{"name":"Journal of multiple sclerosis","volume":"89 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84208439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-02-28DOI: 10.4172/2376-0389.1000196
Kunfang Yang, R. Yin, Hongyi Cheng, Yuanfeng Zhang, Simei Wang
Background/aim: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and debilitating inflammatory autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the myelinated axons in the CNS. Incomplete remissions occur more commonly with increasing duration of disease. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) has various functions as an immune modulator via macrophage activation. Clinical trials of immunoglobulin demonstrated remarkable clinical effects in several types of MS, especially in relapsing-remitting type. It is an approved method for the treatment of relapsing-remitting MS that can be used as a supportive therapy. Our study involves the case of a ten year old female patient with relapsing-remitting MS. This study was undertaken to examine the effects of IVIg used almost every 6 months in a patient with relapsing-remitting MS. Results: This case study demonstrated that treatments of IVIg used almost every 6 months in a patient with relapsing-remitting MS have potent therapeutic actions with early beneficial responses. Conclusion: IVIg used almost every 6 months shows a potential positive therapeutic treatment for relapsing-remitting MS and more large-scale clinical studies are required.
{"title":"Intravenous Immunoglobulin for Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Treatment: A Case Report and Literature Review","authors":"Kunfang Yang, R. Yin, Hongyi Cheng, Yuanfeng Zhang, Simei Wang","doi":"10.4172/2376-0389.1000196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0389.1000196","url":null,"abstract":"Background/aim: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and debilitating inflammatory autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the myelinated axons in the CNS. Incomplete remissions occur more commonly with increasing duration of disease. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) has various functions as an immune modulator via macrophage activation. Clinical trials of immunoglobulin demonstrated remarkable clinical effects in several types of MS, especially in relapsing-remitting type. It is an approved method for the treatment of relapsing-remitting MS that can be used as a supportive therapy. Our study involves the case of a ten year old female patient with relapsing-remitting MS. This study was undertaken to examine the effects of IVIg used almost every 6 months in a patient with relapsing-remitting MS. \u0000Results: This case study demonstrated that treatments of IVIg used almost every 6 months in a patient with relapsing-remitting MS have potent therapeutic actions with early beneficial responses. \u0000Conclusion: IVIg used almost every 6 months shows a potential positive therapeutic treatment for relapsing-remitting MS and more large-scale clinical studies are required.","PeriodicalId":16369,"journal":{"name":"Journal of multiple sclerosis","volume":"57 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81467156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-02-27DOI: 10.4172/2376-0389.1000195
Mohammad Ahmad, Ahmad Abo Shaiqah
Animal models for spinal cord injury (SCI) help in developing effective treatment modalities. The aim of the present study is to develop suitable rehabilitative intervention besides therapeutical agents for a better functional recovery. Furthermore, this research intends to bring awareness among the nurses for caring SCI patients and utilizing their passion of caring abilities in nursing research also. Young adult male rats were subjected to spinal trauma by compression method of the exposed spinal cord. Animals were allocated to five groups with eight animals in each, viz. Group 1 as normal uninjured control; group 2 as sham control with laminectomy but no spinal injury; group 3 as SCI group with laminectomy and spinal injury; group 4 as SCI treated group A that were same as group 3 but were treated with a daily injection of Tacrolimus (1 mg/kg) for 29 days and subjected to BBB behavioral test in which the hind limb function was scored from 0 (complete paralysis or paraplegia) to 21 (complete mobility), every alternate days in a “Gait Performance Tunnel” (GPT); group 5 as SCI treated group B that were same as group 4 except that the animals were also subjected to a daily enforced extra 5 walks as exercise in GPT. Although the drug had an attenuating effect on SCI in both treated groups A and B the recovery in Group-B was significantly (p<0.001) greater than Group-A. It is concluded that if the SCI animals are subjected to enforced daily behavioral exercises in addition to drug treatment, it can improve functional recovery at a faster rate and can be considered as a rehabilitative activity to accentuate therapeutic treatments. Furthermore, the present study can be a source of inspiration for the nurses to develop their nursing skills and research abilities.
{"title":"Can Enforced Behavioral Activity in Spinal Cord Injured Rats be considered asRehabilitation Process to Accentuate Tacrolimus Treated Recovery? A nursingCare Perspective","authors":"Mohammad Ahmad, Ahmad Abo Shaiqah","doi":"10.4172/2376-0389.1000195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0389.1000195","url":null,"abstract":"Animal models for spinal cord injury (SCI) help in developing effective treatment modalities. The aim of the present study is to develop suitable rehabilitative intervention besides therapeutical agents for a better functional recovery. Furthermore, this research intends to bring awareness among the nurses for caring SCI patients and utilizing their passion of caring abilities in nursing research also. Young adult male rats were subjected to spinal trauma by compression method of the exposed spinal cord. Animals were allocated to five groups with eight animals in each, viz. Group 1 as normal uninjured control; group 2 as sham control with laminectomy but no spinal injury; group 3 as SCI group with laminectomy and spinal injury; group 4 as SCI treated group A that were same as group 3 but were treated with a daily injection of Tacrolimus (1 mg/kg) for 29 days and subjected to BBB behavioral test in which the hind limb function was scored from 0 (complete paralysis or paraplegia) to 21 (complete mobility), every alternate days in a “Gait Performance Tunnel” (GPT); group 5 as SCI treated group B that were same as group 4 except that the animals were also subjected to a daily enforced extra 5 walks as exercise in GPT. Although the drug had an attenuating effect on SCI in both treated groups A and B the recovery in Group-B was significantly (p<0.001) greater than Group-A. It is concluded that if the SCI animals are subjected to enforced daily behavioral exercises in addition to drug treatment, it can improve functional recovery at a faster rate and can be considered as a rehabilitative activity to accentuate therapeutic treatments. Furthermore, the present study can be a source of inspiration for the nurses to develop their nursing skills and research abilities.","PeriodicalId":16369,"journal":{"name":"Journal of multiple sclerosis","volume":"40 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83586715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-02-23DOI: 10.4172/2376-0389.1000194
R. Soares, Dionísio Ferme, P. Schestatsky, Aless, ro Finkelzstejn, Julian Vicenzi, Paulo Dornelles
Objective: This study translated the Portuguese version of the Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life-54 (MSQoL-54) questionnaire. Methods: The original version of 18 items from the MSQoL-54 was translated into Brazilian Portuguese using international guidelines. Two independent translations were completed by Brazilians fluent in English and the results were evaluated and harmonized, concluding version: 1. This version was back-translated by an American living in Brazil and then another analysis was conducted, resulting in version 2. Concluding the translation and harmonization phase, the final version was pre-tested with ten participants from the Reference Centre for Multiple Sclerosis at the Porto Alegre Clinical Hospital in Rio Grande do Sul (RS)-Brazil. Results: The questionnaire was well accepted by the patient’s sample that tested the 18 specific items. They presented no conceptual problems. Conclusion: Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) felt the questionnaire was easy to understand. We thus attained terms of conceptual equivalence between the original questionnaire and the translation.
{"title":"Translation of the Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life-54: Brazilian Version","authors":"R. Soares, Dionísio Ferme, P. Schestatsky, Aless, ro Finkelzstejn, Julian Vicenzi, Paulo Dornelles","doi":"10.4172/2376-0389.1000194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0389.1000194","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study translated the Portuguese version of the Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life-54 (MSQoL-54) questionnaire. \u0000Methods: The original version of 18 items from the MSQoL-54 was translated into Brazilian Portuguese using international guidelines. Two independent translations were completed by Brazilians fluent in English and the results were evaluated and harmonized, concluding version: \u00001. This version was back-translated by an American living in Brazil and then another analysis was conducted, resulting in version \u00002. Concluding the translation and harmonization phase, the final version was pre-tested with ten participants from the Reference Centre for Multiple Sclerosis at the Porto Alegre Clinical Hospital in Rio Grande do Sul (RS)-Brazil. \u0000Results: The questionnaire was well accepted by the patient’s sample that tested the 18 specific items. They presented no conceptual problems. \u0000Conclusion: Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) felt the questionnaire was easy to understand. We thus attained terms of conceptual equivalence between the original questionnaire and the translation.","PeriodicalId":16369,"journal":{"name":"Journal of multiple sclerosis","volume":"59 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88494114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2376-0389.1000214
E. Lundsgaard
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is characterized by degradation of the essential myelin sheath around the nerves in the white matter of the central nervous system (CNS). I argue that this is caused by insufficient production of myelin, as myelin-forming oligodendrocytes become damaged by excess steroid receptors type 1 in the cytoplasm, which clump and release zinc due to the relative lack of their ligands. This may gradually lead to hyperphosphorylation of tau protein. Accordingly, the etiological basis for MS is thought to be at least three synergistic systems with the components, steroid receptors type 1 and their ligands: vitamin D, estrogen and testosterone. To prove this hypothesis with its many variables, it has been necessary to use a system of non-homogeneous differential equations.
{"title":"Etiology of Multiple Sclerosis","authors":"E. Lundsgaard","doi":"10.4172/2376-0389.1000214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0389.1000214","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is characterized by degradation of the essential myelin sheath around the nerves in the white matter of the central nervous system (CNS). I argue that this is caused by insufficient production of myelin, as myelin-forming oligodendrocytes become damaged by excess steroid receptors type 1 in the cytoplasm, which clump and release zinc due to the relative lack of their ligands. This may gradually lead to hyperphosphorylation of tau protein. Accordingly, the etiological basis for MS is thought to be at least three synergistic systems with the components, steroid receptors type 1 and their ligands: vitamin D, estrogen and testosterone. To prove this hypothesis with its many variables, it has been necessary to use a system of non-homogeneous differential equations.","PeriodicalId":16369,"journal":{"name":"Journal of multiple sclerosis","volume":"16 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88146369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2376-0389.1000212
D. A. Olges, V. Graham
Background: Acrolein has been implicated as an irritating/exacerbating factor in animal models of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. In animal studies, Apresoline (Hydralazine) has acted as a successful acrolein scavenging agent and resulted in reduced behavioral deficits and decreased myelin damage. It has been hypothesized that Apresoline would be equally successful as a disease modifying treatment for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Objective: To describe the case of acrolein reduction in a patient with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis taking Apresoline. Methods: Case study. Results: The patient was diagnosed with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and found to have an elevated level of acrolein. After 60 days of Apresoline treatment, the patient’s acrolein level was reduced to a normal level. Dosage was reduced to establish a minimum effective dosage with no assessed increase in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis activity. Conclusion: Elevated levels of acrolein were documented in this relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patient. Apresoline was demonstrated to be an effective acrolein scavenger in this patient and a minimum effective dosage was established.
{"title":"Apresoline Promoted Acrolein Reduction in Patient with Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis","authors":"D. A. Olges, V. Graham","doi":"10.4172/2376-0389.1000212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0389.1000212","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Acrolein has been implicated as an irritating/exacerbating factor in animal models of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. In animal studies, Apresoline (Hydralazine) has acted as a successful acrolein scavenging agent and resulted in reduced behavioral deficits and decreased myelin damage. It has been hypothesized that Apresoline would be equally successful as a disease modifying treatment for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Objective: To describe the case of acrolein reduction in a patient with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis taking Apresoline. Methods: Case study. Results: The patient was diagnosed with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and found to have an elevated level of acrolein. After 60 days of Apresoline treatment, the patient’s acrolein level was reduced to a normal level. Dosage was reduced to establish a minimum effective dosage with no assessed increase in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis activity. Conclusion: Elevated levels of acrolein were documented in this relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patient. Apresoline was demonstrated to be an effective acrolein scavenger in this patient and a minimum effective dosage was established.","PeriodicalId":16369,"journal":{"name":"Journal of multiple sclerosis","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87399734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-30DOI: 10.4172/2376-0389.1000192
K. Beiruti, S. Saleh, M. Daitzchman, R. Shahien
A 66 year old woman suffering from recurrent attacks of neuropathic burning pain over the past 6 years, affecting first the sacral region and then progressively different locations on the face, was referred to our facility. She had severe paraparesis and signs of brainstem dysfunction leading to respiratory failures. After an extensive investigation including brain and spinal cord MRI and laboratory findings, such as positive test for aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G antibodies (AQP4-IgG), the patient was found to suffer from neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) without optic neuritis. She was initially treated with corticosteroids followed by plasmapheresis. She partially recovered regarding her respiratory function but remained paraplegic. She was placed on azathioprine and died a few months afterwards.
{"title":"Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder: A Case Report","authors":"K. Beiruti, S. Saleh, M. Daitzchman, R. Shahien","doi":"10.4172/2376-0389.1000192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0389.1000192","url":null,"abstract":"A 66 year old woman suffering from recurrent attacks of neuropathic burning pain over the past 6 years, affecting first the sacral region and then progressively different locations on the face, was referred to our facility. She had severe paraparesis and signs of brainstem dysfunction leading to respiratory failures. After an extensive investigation including brain and spinal cord MRI and laboratory findings, such as positive test for aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G antibodies (AQP4-IgG), the patient was found to suffer from neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) without optic neuritis. She was initially treated with corticosteroids followed by plasmapheresis. She partially recovered regarding her respiratory function but remained paraplegic. She was placed on azathioprine and died a few months afterwards.","PeriodicalId":16369,"journal":{"name":"Journal of multiple sclerosis","volume":"136 48 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86162311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-30DOI: 10.4172/2376-0389.1000191
A. Calvi, M. Riz, A. Pietroboni, L. Ghezzi, A. Arighi, G. Fumagalli, P. Basilico, M. Scarioni, M. Vergari, M. Nigro, E. Oldoni, C. Fenoglio, D. Galimberti, E. Scarpini, A. Priori
Nabiximols is currently being used as an add-on therapeutic option to treat severe forms of multiple sclerosis (MS) spasticity, especially in the progressive phase of the disease. The aim of this exploratory study is to evaluate the response to Nabiximols therapy and modifications in neurophysiological profile, improvement in walking performance tests and self-reported questionnaires, as possible further outcome measures of spasticity. 8 MS patients were recruited to start Nabiximols therapy, all responders in terms of significant reduction of numerical rating scale (NRS). The patients underwent measurements of lower limbs H-reflex and F wave before treatment (baseline) and after 4 and 8 weeks (T1 and T2) of treatment with Nabiximols titrated to optimal dosage, along with timed 25-foot walk test (T25FW), six-minute walk test (6MWT) and questionnaires evaluating subjectively reported spasticity, fatigue and walking abilities (MSSS-88, MFIS, MSWS-12). A reduction of the latencies of the H-reflex and F wave was found between baseline and at T1, which was more strongly confirmed at T2 (P=0.04 relative to H-reflex; P=0.05 and P=0.007 relative to minimal and medium F wave latencies). A significant reduction in time to perform T25FW test was observed between baseline and after treatment (P<0.05), together with a trend towards an improvement in the 6MWT. After the treatment period significant variations in part of the self-reported questionnaires administered were found, as a reduction of the MSSS-88 and MFIS total scores (P<0.05). Nabiximols treatment might have an impact in different objective measurements, including neurophysiological and walking performance tests and self-reported questionnaires. Latencies reduction in H-reflex and F-wave may reflect modifications in the generation of spasticity mechanisms. Moreover, spasticity control is related with an improvement in quality of life of MS patients as it may have a positive impact on walking abilities and reduction of global perception of fatigue.
{"title":"Neurophysiological Profile, Walking Performance Tests and Self-Reported Questionnaires in Spastic Patients with MS: A Pilot Study","authors":"A. Calvi, M. Riz, A. Pietroboni, L. Ghezzi, A. Arighi, G. Fumagalli, P. Basilico, M. Scarioni, M. Vergari, M. Nigro, E. Oldoni, C. Fenoglio, D. Galimberti, E. Scarpini, A. Priori","doi":"10.4172/2376-0389.1000191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0389.1000191","url":null,"abstract":"Nabiximols is currently being used as an add-on therapeutic option to treat severe forms of multiple sclerosis (MS) spasticity, especially in the progressive phase of the disease. The aim of this exploratory study is to evaluate the response to Nabiximols therapy and modifications in neurophysiological profile, improvement in walking performance tests and self-reported questionnaires, as possible further outcome measures of spasticity. 8 MS patients were recruited to start Nabiximols therapy, all responders in terms of significant reduction of numerical rating scale (NRS). The patients underwent measurements of lower limbs H-reflex and F wave before treatment (baseline) and after 4 and 8 weeks (T1 and T2) of treatment with Nabiximols titrated to optimal dosage, along with timed 25-foot walk test (T25FW), six-minute walk test (6MWT) and questionnaires evaluating subjectively reported spasticity, fatigue and walking abilities (MSSS-88, MFIS, MSWS-12). A reduction of the latencies of the H-reflex and F wave was found between baseline and at T1, which was more strongly confirmed at T2 (P=0.04 relative to H-reflex; P=0.05 and P=0.007 relative to minimal and medium F wave latencies). A significant reduction in time to perform T25FW test was observed between baseline and after treatment (P<0.05), together with a trend towards an improvement in the 6MWT. After the treatment period significant variations in part of the self-reported questionnaires administered were found, as a reduction of the MSSS-88 and MFIS total scores (P<0.05). Nabiximols treatment might have an impact in different objective measurements, including neurophysiological and walking performance tests and self-reported questionnaires. Latencies reduction in H-reflex and F-wave may reflect modifications in the generation of spasticity mechanisms. Moreover, spasticity control is related with an improvement in quality of life of MS patients as it may have a positive impact on walking abilities and reduction of global perception of fatigue.","PeriodicalId":16369,"journal":{"name":"Journal of multiple sclerosis","volume":"69 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73657821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-28DOI: 10.4172/2376-0389.1000190
Canham Ljw, D. Western, P. Walsh, N. Kane, K. Inglis, D. Cottrell
Neurophysiological techniques have a long history of clinical and research use in the setting of Multiple Sclerosis. With the output of evoked potential and electroencephalographic recordings being a direct consequence of the underlying functional integrity and activity of the nervous system it is unsurprising there is currently a resurgent interest in their possible use as biomarkers of disease related dysfunction. Herein we discuss the promise and possible pitfalls associated with their use in translational research of MS therapeutics. The numerous advantages of these methods are touched upon as demonstrated by their application to date. A number of obstacles which must be overcome prior to their successful widespread implementation are also outlined and readily achievable solutions discussed.
{"title":"The Growing Potential of Neurophysiology in Multiple Sclerosis","authors":"Canham Ljw, D. Western, P. Walsh, N. Kane, K. Inglis, D. Cottrell","doi":"10.4172/2376-0389.1000190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0389.1000190","url":null,"abstract":"Neurophysiological techniques have a long history of clinical and research use in the setting of Multiple Sclerosis. With the output of evoked potential and electroencephalographic recordings being a direct consequence of the underlying functional integrity and activity of the nervous system it is unsurprising there is currently a resurgent interest in their possible use as biomarkers of disease related dysfunction. Herein we discuss the promise and possible pitfalls associated with their use in translational research of MS therapeutics. The numerous advantages of these methods are touched upon as demonstrated by their application to date. A number of obstacles which must be overcome prior to their successful widespread implementation are also outlined and readily achievable solutions discussed.","PeriodicalId":16369,"journal":{"name":"Journal of multiple sclerosis","volume":"68 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78072962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-17DOI: 10.4172/2376-0389.1000188
M. Magistris, A. Humm
The triple stimulation technique (TST) is a collision method enabling study of motor conduction within the central nervous system. By combining transcranial magnetic stimulation of the cortex to peripheral nerve stimulation, this method markedly improves the evaluation of the corticospinal pathways. In multiple sclerosis (MS) and other disorders affecting central motor conduction, it allows accurate detection and quantification of the proportion of normally conducting axons and of motor conduction failures caused by conduction block, neuronal or axonal lesions. This review aims to (1) describe briefly the TST, its yield, strengths and limitations, (2) summarize the observations made in MS to date, (3) discuss the potential of the method. The TST is non-invasive and safe. Its practicability has been optimized by use of efficient software. Several studies have demonstrated that it is suitable to explore corticospinal conduction in MS, that its findings mirror the disability and clinical neurological signs of patients, and that it is reliable to evaluate follow-up and responses to treatments, including during the critical early stages of MS. We believe that the method is ready to be implemented to research and to routine clinical acquisitions. It should demonstrate useful to evaluate new therapies, monitor achievement of “no evidence of disease activity” (NEDA) and eventually to better understand neurodegeneration and repair in MS.
{"title":"The Triple Stimulation Technique: An Advanced Neurophysiological Method to Assess Motor Function in Multiple Sclerosis","authors":"M. Magistris, A. Humm","doi":"10.4172/2376-0389.1000188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0389.1000188","url":null,"abstract":"The triple stimulation technique (TST) is a collision method enabling study of motor conduction within the central nervous system. By combining transcranial magnetic stimulation of the cortex to peripheral nerve stimulation, this method markedly improves the evaluation of the corticospinal pathways. In multiple sclerosis (MS) and other disorders affecting central motor conduction, it allows accurate detection and quantification of the proportion of normally conducting axons and of motor conduction failures caused by conduction block, neuronal or axonal lesions. \u0000This review aims to (1) describe briefly the TST, its yield, strengths and limitations, (2) summarize the observations made in MS to date, (3) discuss the potential of the method. \u0000The TST is non-invasive and safe. Its practicability has been optimized by use of efficient software. Several studies have demonstrated that it is suitable to explore corticospinal conduction in MS, that its findings mirror the disability and clinical neurological signs of patients, and that it is reliable to evaluate follow-up and responses to treatments, including during the critical early stages of MS. We believe that the method is ready to be implemented to research and to routine clinical acquisitions. It should demonstrate useful to evaluate new therapies, monitor achievement of “no evidence of disease activity” (NEDA) and eventually to better understand neurodegeneration and repair in MS.","PeriodicalId":16369,"journal":{"name":"Journal of multiple sclerosis","volume":"35 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79794134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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