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Pediatric neurobrucellosis and atypical Guillain-Barré syndrome: an intriguing case unveiled. 小儿神经布鲁氏菌病和非典型格林-巴利综合征:一个有趣的病例。
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2023-0522
Huda Zaher, Ahmed Bamaga, Suzan Alshihri

Brucellosis, a chronic zoonotic disease with a significant global burden, particularly in endemic areas, can also present as neurobrucellosis, a rare complication. We report a case of polyradiculoneuropathy in a pediatric patient resulting from this uncommon presentation. A 5-year-old girl presented with progressive asymmetric lower limb weakness for two weeks that progressed to a loss of ambulation in four weeks. She also had flu-like symptoms and persistent high-grade fever. Her history was notable for ingesting raw milk before the onset of fever. Initial examination revealed meningismus signs and fever. She had bilateral weak hip flexion graded 4/5 on the Medical Research Council (MRC) scale, weak right and left knee flexion (3/5 and 4/5, respectively), and weak right ankle dorsiflexion (4/5). She also had diminished reflexes throughout. The patient exhibited a clinical picture resembling Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) after admission as her weakness progressed. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis revealed no cell counts, elevated protein levels (1545 mg/dL), and normal glucose levels (3.34 mmol/L). Blood and CSF cultures were negative, but the serum antibody titer was elevated at 1:1280 against Brucella melitensis and Brucella abortus species. Lumbosacral MRI showed diffuse enhancement of the lower nerve roots. A nerve conduction study (NCS) demonstrated axonal and demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. The patient regained her strength three months after presentation, following a course of antibiotics. When evaluating patients with atypical manifestations resembling GBS, brucellosis should be considered an important differential diagnosis in endemic areas.

布鲁氏菌病是一种慢性人畜共患疾病,在全球尤其是流行地区造成了严重的负担,也可表现为神经布鲁氏菌病,这是一种罕见的并发症。我们报告了一例因这种罕见表现而导致多发性神经根病的儿童患者。一名 5 岁女孩在两周内出现进行性不对称下肢无力,四周后发展到无法行走。她还伴有流感样症状和持续高烧。她的病史值得注意的是,在发烧前曾摄入生牛奶。初步检查发现她有脑膜炎体征和发烧。按照医学研究委员会(MRC)的评分标准,她的双侧髋关节屈曲无力(4/5),左右膝关节屈曲无力(分别为3/5和4/5),右踝关节背屈无力(4/5)。她的全身反射也减弱了。入院后,随着患者乏力症状的发展,她的临床表现类似吉兰-巴雷综合征(GBS)。脑脊液(CSF)分析显示没有细胞计数,蛋白质水平升高(1545 毫克/分升),葡萄糖水平正常(3.34 毫摩尔/升)。血液和脑脊液培养均为阴性,但血清中的布鲁氏菌和流产布鲁氏菌抗体滴度升高至1:1280。腰骶部核磁共振成像显示下神经根弥漫性增强。神经传导检查(NCS)显示患者患有轴索和脱髓鞘性多放射神经病。患者在接受抗生素治疗三个月后恢复了体力。在评估有类似 GBS 的不典型表现的患者时,应将布鲁氏菌病视为流行地区的一个重要鉴别诊断。
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引用次数: 0
Medication-related burden among Iraqi patients with ulcerative colitis: a cross-sectional study. 伊拉克溃疡性结肠炎患者的用药负担:一项横断面研究。
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2023-0342
Nawar Abdulridha Abood, Dheyaa Jabbar Kadhim, Raghad Jawad Hussein

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease characterized by recurring periods of inflammation and remission, primarily affecting the colon. The concept of medication-related burden, which refers to the adverse effects experienced by patients due to conventional medical treatments, is relatively new in the field. This study aimed to measure medication-related burden among patients with ulcerative colitis in Iraq. The study was conducted at the Gastroenterology and Hepatology Teaching Hospital, Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq, from December 2022 to May 2023. We used the Arabic version of the Living with Medicines Questionnaire version 3 (LMQ-3) to explore medication-related burdens experienced by patients with UC. Eighty-six patients with ulcerative colitis were included. The mean of the total medication-related burden score was 107.5 ± 20.7. The findings showed that 45.3% of patients with UC had a moderate degree of medication-related burden, followed by minimum burden (44.2%), high burden (5.8%), and no burden (4.7%). The lowest median burden scores emerged in five domains: interactions with healthcare professionals, practical difficulties with medication use, medication side effects, medication effectiveness, and the impact on daily life. Conversely, the highest-burden scores were noted in the cost, concerns about medication use, and autonomy to vary the regimen domains. In multivariate analysis, none of the patient-related variables was independently correlated with the total medication-related burden score. A large proportion of the patients with UC who participated in the current study reported varying degrees of medication-related burden, with the majority having a minimum to moderate medication-related burden.

溃疡性结肠炎(UC)是一种慢性炎症性肠病,其特点是反复出现炎症和缓解期,主要影响结肠。药物相关负担指的是患者因常规药物治疗而产生的不良反应,这一概念在该领域相对较新。这项研究旨在测量伊拉克溃疡性结肠炎患者的药物相关负担。研究于 2022 年 12 月至 2023 年 5 月在伊拉克巴格达医学城的胃肠病学和肝病学教学医院进行。我们使用阿拉伯语版的第 3 版 "与药物共存问卷"(LMQ-3)来探讨溃疡性结肠炎患者所经历的药物相关负担。研究共纳入了 86 名溃疡性结肠炎患者。药物相关负担总分的平均值为 107.5 ± 20.7。研究结果显示,45.3%的溃疡性结肠炎患者有中等程度的药物相关负担,其次是最低负担(44.2%)、高负担(5.8%)和无负担(4.7%)。负担得分中位数最低的五个领域是:与医护人员的互动、用药的实际困难、药物副作用、药物疗效和对日常生活的影响。相反,在费用、用药顾虑和自主改变用药方案这三个方面的负担得分最高。在多变量分析中,没有一个患者相关变量与药物相关负担总分独立相关。参与本次研究的大部分 UC 患者都报告了不同程度的用药相关负担,其中大多数患者的用药相关负担为最低至中等。
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引用次数: 0
Professor Johannes Vester, President of the Academy for Multidisciplinary Neurotraumatology (AMN): Adapted Interview from the 21st AMN Congress in Vienna, Austria. 约翰内斯-维斯特教授,多学科神经创伤学会(AMN)主席:改编自奥地利维也纳第 21 届 AMN 大会访谈。
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2024-1011
Stefana-Andrada Dobran, Alexandra Gherman
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引用次数: 0
Anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic effects of Withania somnifera extract on liver toxicity induced by silver nanoparticles in vivo. 睡茄提取物对银纳米粒子诱导的体内肝脏毒性的抗炎和抗血管生成作用
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2024-0050
Abdullah Asser Ahmed Alghamdi, Eman Abdallah Ahmed Abdallah, Mohamed Farouk El-Refaei

The liver is a critical organ in the human body and is frequently exposed to numerous exogenous toxic substances, including silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). This study aimed to examine the anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and hepatoprotective effects of Withania somnifera (W. somnifera) extract on AgNP-induced liver toxicity in Swiss mice. Fifty mice were divided into five groups. Group I (negative control) consisted of ten mice. Group II received oral W. somnifera extracts (80 mg/kg/bw) for 14 days. Group III was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with AgNPs at a daily dose of 35 mg/kg/bw for 3 days. Group IV received i.p. AgNPs for 3 days, followed by saline for 14 days. Group V received i.p. AgNPs for 3 days, followed by oral W. somnifera (80 mg/kg/bw) for 14 days. Liver function tests, pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines, antioxidant activities, protein carbonyl (PC) levels, liver histopathological analysis, immunohistochemical expressions of transcription factor (NF-κB), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were examined. Group III had elevated levels of liver function, a significant increase of pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines, antioxidant activity, and PC levels. Histological observations revealed congested sinusoids filled with red blood cells (RBCs) and hepatocyte necrosis. Also, positive expressions of NF-κB and VEGF were detected compared with Group I. However, the administration of W. somnifera to Group V revealed significant changes with evident improvements in liver function biomarkers, pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines, antioxidant activities, oxidative stress markers (PC), and histopathological and immunohistochemical parameters compared to Group III. The results revealed that W. somnifera has promising and potential hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-angiogenic effects against liver toxicity. Further detailed studies are recommended to explore the potential of W. somnifera as a treatment for human liver ailments.

肝脏是人体的重要器官,经常暴露于包括纳米银颗粒(AgNPs)在内的多种外源性有毒物质。本研究旨在探讨睡茄提取物对 AgNP 诱导的瑞士小鼠肝脏毒性的抗炎、抗血管生成和保肝作用。50 只小鼠被分为五组。I 组(阴性对照组)有 10 只小鼠。第二组口服冬凌草提取物(80 毫克/千克/体重)14 天。第三组腹腔注射 AgNPs,每日剂量为 35 毫克/千克/体重,共注射 3 天。第四组腹腔注射 AgNPs 3 天,然后注射生理盐水 14 天。第五组静脉注射 AgNPs 3 天,然后口服冬凌草(80 毫克/千克/体重)14 天。检测项目包括肝功能检测、促炎和抗炎细胞因子、抗氧化活性、蛋白质羰基(PC)水平、肝组织病理学分析、转录因子(NF-κB)和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的免疫组化表达。第三组肝功能水平升高,促炎和抗炎细胞因子、抗氧化活性和 PC 水平显著增加。组织学观察显示,肝窦充血,充满红细胞(RBC),肝细胞坏死。然而,与第三组相比,第五组的肝功能生物标志物、促炎和抗炎细胞因子、抗氧化活性、氧化应激标志物(PC)以及组织病理学和免疫组化参数都有明显改善。研究结果表明,桑尼佛陀具有保护肝脏、抗炎和抗血管生成的潜在作用。建议开展进一步的详细研究,以探索索姆尼佛拉治疗人类肝脏疾病的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Protecting the elderly from influenza in the context of immune system senescence. Elderly aged 65 and over are vulnerable to influenza and its associated complications.: Position paper by the Romanian Society of Gerontology and Geriatrics. 在免疫系统衰老的背景下保护老年人免受流感侵袭。65 岁及以上的老年人很容易患上流感及其相关并发症:罗马尼亚老年学和老年医学学会的立场文件。
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2024-0274
Gabriel-Ioan Prada, Ovidiu-Lucian Băjenaru, Gabriela-Cristina Chelu, Cristina-Marilena Matei-Lincă, Cătălina-Raluca Nuţă, Sînziana-Georgeta Moscu

Influenza affects millions globally each year, often causing severe complications, hospitalizations, and deaths, particularly among the elderly. As the global population ages, infections will pose a growing health risk. Annual vaccination remains the most effective way to prevent influenza and its complications. After the age of 65, people suffering from chronic diseases become the majority of this population category. All the data support that most of the population over 65 years old, whose immune system goes through immunosenescence, presents multimorbidity, requiring age-appropriate anti-influenza protection. The immune response to the traditional influenza vaccine has been proven to be lower in the elderly, highlighting the need for a more immunogenic vaccine specifically tailored to the elderly population group. Therefore, high-dose (HD) influenza vaccines have demonstrated their safety and are more effective in preventing influenza and its associated complications compared to standard-dose (SD) vaccines in the elderly in the context of immunosenescence. These recommendations focus on the safety, effectiveness, and efficacy of HD influenza vaccines, adapted to the elderly and available on the Romanian market, to increase the vaccination rate and, thus, protect against influenza infection and its complications. Therefore, strategies such as increased accessibility and free immunizations, as well as ensuring that flu vaccines for the elderly are prescribed without restrictions based on the number of comorbidities, should be used.

全球每年有数百万人感染流感,常常导致严重的并发症、住院和死亡,尤其是在老年人当中。随着全球人口的老龄化,感染将构成越来越大的健康风险。每年接种疫苗仍然是预防流感及其并发症的最有效方法。65 岁以后,慢性病患者成为这类人群中的大多数。所有数据都表明,65 岁以上人群的免疫系统正处于衰老期,他们大多患有多种疾病,需要适龄的抗流感保护。事实证明,老年人对传统流感疫苗的免疫反应较低,因此需要一种专门针对老年人群的免疫原性更强的疫苗。因此,在免疫衰老的背景下,高剂量(HD)流感疫苗与标准剂量(SD)疫苗相比,在预防流感及其相关并发症方面对老年人更安全、更有效。这些建议的重点是针对老年人的高清流感疫苗的安全性、有效性和效力,以提高疫苗接种率,从而预防流感感染及其并发症。因此,应采用增加可及性和免费免疫接种等策略,并确保为老年人接种流感疫苗时不受合并症数量的限制。
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引用次数: 0
Recent updates in pediatric diffuse glioma classification: insights and conclusions from the WHO 5th edition. 小儿弥漫性胶质瘤分类的最新进展:世界卫生组织第五版的见解和结论。
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2023-0515
Tarang Patel, Gyanendra Singh, Parth Goswami

The World Health Organization (WHO) Central Nervous System (CNS) Tumors Classification 5th edition (2021) integrates both molecular and histopathological criteria for diagnosing glial tumors. This updated classification highlights significant differences between pediatric and adult gliomas in terms of molecular characteristics and prognostic implications. The 5th edition comprises a new category of pediatric-type diffuse low-grade glioma (PDLGG) and pediatric-type diffuse high-grade glioma (PDHGG), classified mainly based on genetic alterations and histopathological features. We reviewed the microscopy, diagnostic molecular pathology, and prognosis of various tumors under the categories PDLGG and PDHGG. The review also addresses the need for clarification concerning overlapping diagnostic features. PDLGG are characterized by diffuse growth, low-grade morphology, and MYB/MYBL1(MYB Proto-Oncogene Like 1) gene fusion or mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway alterations. In contrast, PDHGG is described by diffuse growth, high-grade morphology, and increased mitosis and often shows alterations of histone gene resulting in epigenetic alterations, which contrasts with common isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) amplification seen in adult-type high-grade glioma.

世界卫生组织(WHO)《中枢神经系统(CNS)肿瘤分类》第五版(2021 年)整合了诊断胶质瘤的分子和组织病理学标准。更新后的分类突出了儿科胶质瘤与成人胶质瘤在分子特征和预后影响方面的显著差异。第五版包括一个新的类别,即儿科型弥漫低级别胶质瘤(PDLGG)和儿科型弥漫高级别胶质瘤(PDHGG),主要根据基因改变和组织病理学特征进行分类。我们回顾了 PDLGG 和 PDHGG 类别下各种肿瘤的显微镜检查、分子病理学诊断和预后。本综述还探讨了澄清诊断特征重叠的必要性。PDLGG的特点是弥漫生长、低级别形态、MYB/MYBL1(MYB Proto-Oncogene Like 1)基因融合或丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)通路改变。相比之下,PDHGG则表现为弥漫性生长、高级别形态和有丝分裂增多,并且经常出现组蛋白基因改变,导致表观遗传学改变,这与成人型高级别胶质瘤中常见的异柠檬酸脱氢酶(IDH)突变和表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)扩增形成鲜明对比。
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引用次数: 0
A short history of sarcopenia and frailty and their impact on advanced chronic liver disease. 肌肉疏松症和虚弱症简史及其对晚期慢性肝病的影响。
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2024-0304
Denisa Cuciureanu, Petruta-Violeta Filip, Corina-Silvia Pop, Sorina-Laura Diaconu

Sarcopenia, first introduced as a concept by I. Rosenberg in 1989, has since been extensively studied, particularly in its correlation with chronic diseases. In recent years, sarcopenia has been increasingly associated with advanced chronic liver disease, leading to a lower quality of life and poor outcomes for these patients. Studies have shown that sarcopenia has a prevalence of 33% in individuals with advanced chronic liver disease, impacting not only the patient's health but also contributing to increased healthcare costs. The prevalence of frailty in patients with advanced chronic liver disease is 27%. Given the high prevalence of sarcopenia and frailty in this population, early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to improving patient quality of life outcomes and reducing the strain on healthcare systems globally.

肌肉疏松症是 I. Rosenberg 于 1989 年首次提出的一个概念,自此以后,人们对这一概念进行了广泛的研究,尤其是其与慢性疾病的相关性。近年来,肌肉疏松症与晚期慢性肝病的关系日益密切,导致这些患者的生活质量下降,治疗效果不佳。研究表明,肌肉疏松症在晚期慢性肝病患者中的发病率高达 33%,不仅影响患者的健康,还会导致医疗成本增加。晚期慢性肝病患者体弱的发病率为 27%。鉴于肌肉疏松症和虚弱症在这一人群中的高发病率,早期诊断和治疗对于改善患者的生活质量和减轻全球医疗系统的压力至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Professor Helmut Trimmel - Adapted Interview from the 3rd Neurotrauma Treatment Simulation Center in Vienna, Austria. 赫尔穆特-特里梅尔教授 - 改编自奥地利维也纳第三神经创伤治疗模拟中心的访谈。
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2024-1012
Stefana-Andrada Dobran, Alexandra Gherman
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引用次数: 0
Prevalence and context of peer bullying among adolescents in schools from Shaqra City: public-schools surveillance in Shaqra, Saudi Arabia. 沙特沙克拉市学校中青少年同伴欺凌行为的发生率和背景:沙特阿拉伯沙克拉市公立学校监测。
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2024-0020
Muath Alammar, Jalal Ali Bilal, Yasser Salem Saleh, Abdullah Mohammed Bin Hussain, Saif Munif Alshammari, Ishag Adam

Bullying in schools is a serious global health issue that jeopardizes youth and future adult health and negatively impacts academic outcomes. This cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence, forms, and associated factors of bullying among students aged 7-17 in public schools in Shaqra City, Saudi Arabia, where no prior data existed. A total of 372 students participated, with a median age of 11 years (interquartile range 9-14), of whom 187 were girls. 27 students (12.6%) reported being bullied in the past month, primarily through verbal abuse (89.4%), followed by physical bullying (10.6%). Cyberbullying was prevalent, with all students bullied experiencing it through social media, and some through texting (6 students, 1.6%) or email (3 students, 0.8%). Factors like student and parent age, student sex, school level, class level, nationality, chronic diseases, polygamy, and smartphone ownership were not associated with bullying. Cyberbullying and bullying affected 12.6% of students. Verbal bullying, the most common, occurred in restrooms and halls. Victims were hesitant to discuss their worries with anyone. Bullying incidents both within and outside of schools were more likely to result in positive adult intervention. Bullying among adolescents was attributed to factors such as physical strength and size. The possible reactions of bystander peers to a bullying incident include alerting the school administration and directly intervening independently.

校园欺凌是一个严重的全球性健康问题,会危害青少年和未来成年人的健康,并对学习成绩产生负面影响。这项横断面研究调查了沙特阿拉伯沙克拉市公立学校中 7-17 岁学生中欺凌行为的发生率、形式和相关因素。共有 372 名学生参与了这项研究,年龄中位数为 11 岁(四分位数间距为 9-14 岁),其中 187 名为女生。27名学生(12.6%)表示在过去一个月中受到过欺凌,主要是辱骂(89.4%),其次是身体欺凌(10.6%)。网络欺凌十分普遍,所有受欺凌的学生都曾通过社交媒体遭受欺凌,还有一些学生通过短信(6 名学生,1.6%)或电子邮件(3 名学生,0.8%)遭受欺凌。学生和家长的年龄、学生性别、学校级别、班级级别、国籍、慢性病、一夫多妻制和智能手机拥有量等因素与欺凌行为无关。12.6%的学生受到了网络欺凌和霸凌的影响。最常见的口头欺凌发生在厕所和走廊。受害者不愿与任何人讨论自己的烦恼。校内和校外的欺凌事件更有可能导致成人的积极干预。青少年中的欺凌行为与体力和体型等因素有关。旁观者同伴对欺凌事件的可能反应包括提醒学校管理部门和直接独立干预。
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引用次数: 0
Triglyceride/high-density cholesterol ratio as a predictor of cardiometabolic risk in young population. 甘油三酯/高密度胆固醇比值作为年轻人心血管代谢风险的预测指标。
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2024-0117
Claudia Veronica Mederos-Torres, Yolanda Díaz-Burke, María Luisa Muñoz-Almaguer, Alejandra Guadalupe García-Zapién, Rosario Lizette Uvalle-Navarro, Claudia Elena González-Sandoval

Cardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Understanding and detecting risk factors are crucial for early diagnosis and prevention strategies. Obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and insulin resistance, among others, have been described as modifiable risk factors. Among these, the triglycerides-to-HDL cholesterol (TG/HDL) ratio has been described as a marker of insulin resistance and a predictor of cardiovascular disease. Our objective was to investigate the association between the TG/HDL ratio and various cardiometabolic risk factors. A total of 239 young adults aged 18-24 years were recruited. We assessed anthropometric measurements, lipid profiles, glucose levels, insulin, the HOMA index, and the TG/HDL ratio. Participants were stratified based on their BMI and TG/HDL ratio. Our findings revealed that individuals with an elevated TG/HDL ratio had higher blood pressure, BMI, waist circumference, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels compared to those with a normal ratio. Specifically, the TG/HDL ratio was associated with an odds ratio (OR) of 9.3 for overweight, 27.5 for obesity, and 4.41 for abdominal obesity. Additionally, the HOMA index, which measures insulin resistance, was higher in those with an elevated TG/HDL ratio, with a prevalence of 45.6%. In conclusion, the TG/HDL ratio is a predictive marker of insulin resistance in young individuals and is associated with modifiable risk factors for cardiometabolic disease.

心血管疾病仍然是全球发病和死亡的主要原因。了解和检测风险因素对于早期诊断和预防策略至关重要。肥胖、血脂异常、高血压和胰岛素抵抗等已被描述为可改变的风险因素。其中,甘油三酯与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(TG/HDL)的比值被认为是胰岛素抵抗的标志和心血管疾病的预测因子。我们的目的是研究甘油三酯/高密度脂蛋白比率与各种心血管代谢风险因素之间的关系。我们共招募了 239 名 18-24 岁的年轻人。我们对人体测量、血脂概况、血糖水平、胰岛素、HOMA 指数和 TG/HDL 比率进行了评估。根据体重指数和 TG/HDL 比率对参与者进行了分层。我们的研究结果表明,与比率正常的人相比,TG/HDL 比率升高的人血压、体重指数、腰围、胆固醇和甘油三酯水平更高。具体来说,TG/HDL 比率与超重的几率比(OR)为 9.3,与肥胖的几率比(OR)为 27.5,与腹部肥胖的几率比(OR)为 4.41。此外,在 TG/HDL 比率升高的人群中,衡量胰岛素抵抗的 HOMA 指数也较高,患病率为 45.6%。总之,总胆固醇/高密度脂蛋白比率是年轻人胰岛素抵抗的预测指标,与可改变的心脏代谢疾病风险因素有关。
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引用次数: 0
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