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Association of maternal ABO blood type with lesion level and birthweight of children with spina bifida: a descriptive study. 母亲 ABO 血型与脊柱裂患儿病变程度和出生体重的关系:一项描述性研究。
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2024-0072
Thomas Lee Farley

The etiology of spina bifida, a neural tube birth defect, is largely unknown, but a majority of cases are thought to be genetic in origin. Although maternal blood type was found not to be associated with the occurrence of spina bifida, the analysis was never extended to other aspects of the disorder. The purpose of this descriptive study was to determine if maternal blood type was related to characteristics of children with spina bifida. The blood type of 221 mothers of children with spina bifida enrolled on the Arkansas Spinal Cord Disability Registry from 1995 to 2008 was obtained by mailed questionnaire. All children were community-dwelling and from singleton pregnancies. As expected, analysis of mother-child data showed that the distribution of mothers' blood type was not statistically different from the general population (chi-squared, P = 0.9203). However, the blood type of these mothers was associated with their child's lesion level (chi-squared, P = 0.011). Mothers with blood type A more frequently had children with thoracic lesions; mothers with non-A blood types more frequently had children with lumbar and sacral lesions. In addition, mean birthweight differed by mothers' blood type (analysis of variance, P = 0.025). Children of mothers with blood type A had the highest mean birthweight, while those of mothers with blood type AB had the lowest. Also, hydrocephalus was present more frequently in children with thoracic lesions compared to those with lumbar and sacral lesions (chi-squared, P = 0.001). Interestingly, these results were significant for female children but not for male children. In conclusion, maternal blood type was associated with lesion level and birthweight of children with spina bifida.

脊柱裂是一种神经管先天性缺陷,其病因尚不清楚,但大多数病例被认为是遗传所致。虽然研究发现母体血型与脊柱裂的发生无关,但从未将分析扩展到脊柱裂的其他方面。这项描述性研究的目的是确定母亲血型是否与脊柱裂患儿的特征有关。研究人员通过邮寄问卷调查的方式,获得了 1995 年至 2008 年阿肯色脊柱脊髓残疾登记处登记的 221 名脊柱裂患儿母亲的血型。所有儿童均居住在社区,且均为单胎妊娠。不出所料,对母婴数据的分析表明,母亲的血型分布与普通人群并无统计学差异(chi-squared,P = 0.9203)。然而,这些母亲的血型与其子女的病变程度有关(卡方检验,P = 0.011)。血型为 A 型的母亲更多的孩子患有胸椎病变;血型为非 A 型的母亲更多的孩子患有腰椎和骶椎病变。此外,母亲血型不同,平均出生体重也不同(方差分析,P = 0.025)。母亲为 A 型血的婴儿出生时的平均体重最高,而母亲为 AB 型血的婴儿出生时的平均体重最低。此外,与腰椎和骶椎病变的患儿相比,胸椎病变的患儿更容易出现脑积水(卡方检验,P = 0.001)。有趣的是,这些结果对女性患儿有显著意义,而对男性患儿则没有。总之,母亲血型与脊柱裂患儿的病变程度和出生体重有关。
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引用次数: 0
The possible cardioprotective effect of ghrelin during experimental endotoxemia in mice. 在小鼠实验性内毒素血症期间,胃泌素可能具有保护心脏的作用。
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2023-0228
Zinah Majid, Bashaer Muhammad-Baqir, Dhirgam Falih Al-Shimerty, Najah Rayish Hadi

This study aimed to evaluate the cardioprotective effects of ghrelin in septic mice, focusing on its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Thirty-five male Swiss mice (8-12 weeks old, 23-33g) were randomly assigned to five groups (n = 7 each): (1) Normal, fed usual diets, (2) Sham, subjected to anesthesia and laparotomy, (3) Sepsis, subjected to cecal ligation and puncture, (4) Vehicle, given an equivalent volume of intraperitoneal saline injections immediately after cecal ligation and puncture, and (5) Ghrelin-treated, administered 80 µg/kg ghrelin intraperitoneal injections immediately following cecal ligation and puncture. Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and 8-epi-prostaglandin F2 alpha (8-epi-PGF2α) were measured. The extent of cardiac damage was also evaluated histologically. The mean serum levels of TNF-α, MIF, TLR4, and 8-epi-PGF2α levels were significantly higher in the sepsis and vehicle groups than in the normal and sham groups. The levels were significantly lower in the ghrelin-treated group than in the vehicle and sepsis groups. Histological analysis revealed normal myocardial architecture in the normal and sham groups, whereas the sepsis and vehicle groups had severe myocardial injury. The ghrelin-treated group displayed histological features similar to the sham group, indicating reduced myocardial damage. Ghrelin ameliorated sepsis-induced cardiotoxicity in mice by exhibiting strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. These findings suggest that ghrelin may be a promising therapeutic candidate for the prevention of sepsis-induced cardiotoxicity.

本研究旨在评估胃泌素对脓毒症小鼠心脏的保护作用,重点关注其抗炎和抗氧化特性。35 只雄性瑞士小鼠(8-12 周大,23-33 克)被随机分配到五个组(每组 7 只):(1)正常组,喂食正常饮食;(2)假组,进行麻醉和开腹手术;(3)败血症组,进行盲肠结扎和穿刺;(4)药物组,在盲肠结扎和穿刺后立即腹腔注射等量生理盐水;(5)胃泌素处理组,在盲肠结扎和穿刺后立即腹腔注射 80 µg/kg 胃泌素。测定血清中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、巨噬细胞迁移抑制因子(MIF)、类收费受体 4(TLR4)和 8-表前列腺素 F2 α(8-表前列腺素 F2α)的水平。此外,还对心脏损伤程度进行了组织学评估。脓毒症组和药物组血清中 TNF-α、MIF、TLR4 和 8-epi-PGF2α 的平均水平明显高于正常组和假体组。胃泌素处理组的水平明显低于载体组和败血症组。组织学分析显示,正常组和假心肌组心肌结构正常,而败血症组和载体组心肌损伤严重。胃泌素治疗组的组织学特征与假体组相似,表明心肌损伤减轻。胃泌素具有很强的抗炎和抗氧化作用,可改善败血症诱发的小鼠心脏毒性。这些研究结果表明,胃泌素可能是预防败血症诱发的心脏毒性的一种有前途的候选疗法。
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引用次数: 0
The effect of different intracanal irrigants on the push-out bond strength of dentin in damaged anterior primary teeth. 不同的根管内冲洗剂对受损前牙基牙牙本质推出粘接强度的影响
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2024-0164
Leila Bassir, Shirin Taravati, Farzad Nouri, Saeide Rahimi

This experimental study investigated the effect of different intracanal irrigants on the push-out bond strength of dentin in damaged anterior primary teeth. The crowns of 90 anterior primary teeth were sectioned horizontally, 1 mm above the cementoenamel junction (CEJ). Following canal preparation with K-files, all groups except the negative control received normal saline irrigation. Canals were then irrigated with either 3% or 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 2% or 0.2% chlorhexidine (CHX) solution (except negative and positive controls). The roots were filled with Metapex material and covered with a calcium hydroxide liner. In root canals, the bond was applied by self-etching and then light-cured for 20 seconds before canals were restored incrementally with composite. Stereomicroscopes were used to assess failure patterns. Push-out bond strengths (MPa ± SD) were: 3% NaOCl (16.92 ± 5.78), 5.25% NaOCl (8.96 ± 3.55), 2% CHX (14.76 ± 5.56), and 0.2% CHX (7.76 ± 2.93). Significant differences were seen across the irrigants regarding the push-out bond strength of dentin sections (P <0.001). The most frequent failures were adhesive and cohesive. NaOCl and CHX irrigants increased the push-out bond strength compared to controls. Compared to controls, both 3% NaOCl and 2% CHX irrigants significantly increased the push-out bond strength of dentin in non-vital anterior primary teeth.

本实验研究探讨了不同的牙槽内灌洗剂对受损前牙牙本质推出粘接强度的影响。90 颗前乳牙的牙冠在牙本质釉质交界处(CEJ)上方 1 毫米处被水平切开。在使用 K 型锉准备牙道后,除阴性对照组外,其他各组均接受生理盐水灌洗。然后用 3% 或 5.25% 的次氯酸钠 (NaOCl)、2% 或 0.2% 的洗必泰 (CHX) 溶液(阴性和阳性对照组除外)灌洗根管。根部填充 Metapex 材料并覆盖氢氧化钙衬垫。在根管中,粘接剂采用自酸洗法,然后光固化 20 秒钟,再用复合材料逐步修复根管。使用体视显微镜评估失败模式。推出粘接强度(兆帕±标度)为3% NaOCl (16.92 ± 5.78)、5.25% NaOCl (8.96 ± 3.55)、2% CHX (14.76 ± 5.56) 和 0.2% CHX (7.76 ± 2.93)。在牙本质切片的推出粘接强度方面,不同冲洗剂之间存在显著差异(P
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引用次数: 0
The financial burden of SARS-CoV-2 pregnancies in a tertiary exclusive COVID-19 maternity. 在一家 COVID-19 专科三级医院中,SARS-CoV-2 孕妇所造成的经济负担。
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2024-0128
Tina-Ioana Bobei, Romina-Marina Sima, Gabriel-Petre Gorecki, Mihaela Amza, Anca Bobircă, Mihai Popescu, Bashar Haj Hamoud, Liana Pleș

The COVID-19 pandemic had a major impact on health systems worldwide, and Romania was no exception. The impact on healthcare expenses for pregnant women was considerable, especially in COVID-19-only tertiary centers. This study aimed to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare costs in a designated COVID-19 maternity ward. We conducted an observational study comparing pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 (study group) to those without the infection (control group). Patients were recruited at Bucur Maternity Hospital from March 2020 to March 2022. We evaluated expenses for the entire period of hospitalization, treatment, medical supplies, and medical investigations. The study included 600 pregnant women, divided equally into two groups of 300 each. Significant cost differences were observed between the COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 groups: medication costs (664.56 EUR vs. 39.49 EUR), administrative costs (191.79 EUR vs. 30.28 EUR), and medical investigation costs (191.15 EUR vs. 29.42 EUR). The costs for a severe case of COVID-19 were about two times higher than a mild case and 70 times higher than a non-COVID-19 case (P <0.001). We identified a significant cost increase due to SARS-CoV-2 infection in our unit. The expenses were augmented by the time of hospitalization, medication, and medical investigations. COVID-19 had a significant impact on healthcare costs, mostly among pregnant women with severe disease. The strategy of operating exclusively as a COVID-19 unit proved to be inefficient and highly costly to our hospital.

COVID-19 大流行对全世界的医疗系统产生了重大影响,罗马尼亚也不例外。对孕妇医疗费用的影响相当大,尤其是在仅接收 COVID-19 的三级医疗中心。本研究旨在分析 COVID-19 大流行对指定 COVID-19 产科病房医疗费用的影响。我们进行了一项观察性研究,比较了感染 SARS-CoV-2 的孕妇(研究组)和未感染的孕妇(对照组)。患者于 2020 年 3 月至 2022 年 3 月在布库尔妇产医院招募。我们对整个住院、治疗、医疗用品和医疗检查期间的费用进行了评估。研究包括 600 名孕妇,平均分为两组,每组 300 人。在 COVID-19 组和非 COVID-19 组之间观察到了显著的费用差异:药物费用(664.56 欧元对 39.49 欧元)、管理费用(191.79 欧元对 30.28 欧元)和医疗调查费用(191.15 欧元对 29.42 欧元)。COVID-19 重症病例的费用是轻症病例的 2 倍,是非 COVID-19 病例的 70 倍(P
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引用次数: 0
2024 Aspen Healthcare & Quality of Life Seminar: forging a blueprint for Romania's healthcare transformation. 2024 年阿斯彭医疗保健与生活质量研讨会:为罗马尼亚医疗保健转型绘制蓝图。
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2024-1006
Teodor Blidaru, Carmen-Mihaela Bardoș, Iulia Arif-Perca, Sebastian Bereș, Ioana Bianchi, Adrian Brîndușan, Anca Bundoi, Codruț Codreanu, Ovidiu-Simion Cotoi, Adrian-Marius Dobre, Loredana Drăgoi, Paul Dudău, Florentina Furtunescu, Andreea Grigore, Thomas Hofmarcher, Anca Ifrim, Grațiela Iordache, Attila László, Delia Lupescu, Cristina Maxim, Larisa Mezinu-Bălan, Richard Mihalache, Vlad Nerău, Bogdan Pană, Cătălin Radu, Raluca Sîmbotin, Iulia Stoea, Ștefan Strilciuc, George Ștefan, Oana Talpoș, Iulian Trandafir, Mircea Vâlceanu, Laurențiu Dașcă
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引用次数: 0
The outcome of the retrosigmoid approach in the decompression of vestibular schwannomas - a retrospective cohort study of 60 consecutive cases. 前庭分裂瘤减压术中的回旋蛛网膜方法的疗效--对 60 例连续病例的回顾性队列研究。
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2024-0055
Hassan Kadri, Mohamad Shehadeh Agha, Raed Abouharb, Rostom Mackieh, Thea Kadri

This multicenter retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the retrosigmoid surgical approach in decompressing vestibular schwannomas, focusing on tumor decompression, neurological function preservation, and postoperative complications. A cohort of 60 patients, operated between 2016 and 2019, was analyzed for age, sex, symptoms, tumor size, surgery duration, complications, mortality, and facial/auditory functions using established criteria. Hearing loss was observed in 80% of patients, mainly progressive, with tumor size emerging as a critical prognostic factor. Facial weakness affected 10% of patients preoperatively; postoperatively, 35% of patients had affected facial nerve function, with 10% exhibiting poor or no facial nerve function, linked to resection extent rather than tumor size. Tinnitus was more prevalent with larger tumors, whereas headaches were common irrespective of size. Balance disorders improved after surgery, especially in case of larger tumors. Functional recovery varied, with 41.67% of patients returning to their previous activity within 4 months, 25% within 4-12 months, and 33.33% remaining inactive. The mortality rate was low at 3.3 %, with two deaths out of 60 patients after surgery. This analysis highlights surgery risks for vestibular schwannomas (e.g., facial nerve decline, tinnitus, headaches), but also emphasizes benefits like improved balance and low mortality. Many patients regain professional activity, stressing the importance of informed treatment decisions for this condition.

这项多中心回顾性队列研究旨在评估后枕部手术方法在前庭裂隙瘤减压中的有效性,重点关注肿瘤减压、神经功能保护和术后并发症。60 名患者于 2016 年至 2019 年期间接受了手术,研究人员采用既定标准对这些患者的年龄、性别、症状、肿瘤大小、手术时间、并发症、死亡率以及面部/听觉功能进行了分析。80%的患者出现听力损失,主要是进行性听力损失,肿瘤大小成为预后的关键因素。术前,10%的患者面部无力;术后,35%的患者面部神经功能受到影响,10%的患者面部神经功能较差或丧失,这与切除范围而非肿瘤大小有关。耳鸣在肿瘤较大时更为常见,而头痛则与肿瘤大小无关。术后平衡失调有所改善,尤其是较大的肿瘤。功能恢复情况各不相同,41.67%的患者在4个月内恢复到以前的活动状态,25%的患者在4-12个月内恢复,33.33%的患者仍处于非活动状态。死亡率较低,为 3.3%,60 名患者中有 2 人在手术后死亡。这项分析强调了前庭分裂瘤的手术风险(如面部神经衰退、耳鸣、头痛),但也强调了改善平衡和低死亡率等益处。许多患者恢复了职业活动,这强调了对这种疾病做出明智治疗决定的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Reasons for academic cheating in a cohort of nursing students in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study. 沙特阿拉伯护理专业学生学术作弊的原因:一项横断面研究。
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2023-0517
Jazi Shaydied Alotaibi, Abdullah Alotaibi, Sharifa Alasiry, Bader Alrasheadi, Wdad Alanazy, Sameer Alkubati, Jordan Llego

This cross-sectional study investigated the reasons behind academic cheating in a cohort of nursing students in Saudi Arabia. The study involved 482 nursing students from two government universities in Riyadh. We used a newly developed self-reported questionnaire called the Reasons for Cheating Scale (RCS) to collect data. The highest-scoring reasons for academic cheating in the study population included the desire to obtain high grades, encouragement from friends to cheat, and the perception that exams were too difficult. Male students scored significantly higher than female students for reasons such as not understanding the course material, unclear test questions and instructions, pressure from families to excel, difficulty of the course material, and ignorance of effective study methods (P < 0.05). Age also had a role, as students aged 15-20 years had significantly higher scores for the item "Exams are too hard", whereas those aged ≥25 years had higher scores for "Difficulty of the course material" (P < 0.05). Additionally, students in the preparatory year had significantly higher scores than those in other years for reasons such as difficult exams, unclear test questions and instructions, fear of failing, difficulty of the course material, and the desire to please their families (P < 0.05). Overall, the desire to obtain high grades emerged as the main reason for academic cheating in our cohort of nursing students in Saudi Arabia. The findings suggest that sociodemographic characteristics, including sex, age, and academic year, should be considered when addressing the issue of cheating among nursing students.

这项横断面研究调查了沙特阿拉伯一批护理专业学生学术作弊的原因。研究涉及利雅得两所公立大学的 482 名护理专业学生。我们使用了一份新开发的自我报告问卷,即 "作弊原因量表"(RCS)来收集数据。研究对象中得分最高的学术作弊原因包括渴望获得高分、朋友鼓励作弊以及认为考试太难。男生在不理解课程材料、试题和说明不明确、家庭要求学生取得优异成绩的压力、课程材料的难度以及不了解有效的学习方法等原因上的得分明显高于女生(P < 0.05)。年龄也有影响,15-20 岁的学生在 "考试太难 "一项上的得分明显更高,而年龄≥25 岁的学生在 "教材难度 "一项上的得分更高(P < 0.05)。此外,预科年级学生在 "考试难"、"试题和说明不清楚"、"害怕不及格"、"教材难 "和 "想取悦家人 "等方面的得分明显高于其他年级学生(P < 0.05)。总体而言,希望获得高分是沙特阿拉伯护理专业学生学术作弊的主要原因。研究结果表明,在解决护理专业学生的作弊问题时,应考虑社会人口学特征,包括性别、年龄和学年。
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引用次数: 0
Myocarditis in Erdheim-Chester disease. 埃尔德海姆-切斯特病患者的心肌炎
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2024-0180
Josef Finsterer
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引用次数: 0
Normative data of corneal diameter and palpebral fissure height in a large cohort of South Indian children. 一大批南印度儿童的角膜直径和睑裂高度的标准数据。
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2023-0535
Naveen Kumar Challa, Deepthi Jagadeeswaran, Saif Hasan Alrasheed, Abd Elaziz Mohamed Elmadina, Waleed Alghamdi

The purpose of this study was to establish the normative data of horizontal visible iris diameter (HVID), vertical visible iris diameter (VVID), and palpebral fissure height (PFH) in a cohort of South Indian children. The study included 1,234 children from six schools of different regions of Tamil Nadu state, India. HVID, VVID, and PFH were measured using a simple millimeter ruler by three optometrists. Based on their age, the children were divided into three groups: preprimary school children (4-5 years), primary school children (6-10 years), and high school children (11-15 years). Mean age was 4.49 ± 0.50 years, 8.00 ± 1.41 years, and 12.87 ± 1.42 years in the three groups, respectively. Mean HVID was 10.45 mm, 10.54 mm, and 10.73 mm, respectively. Mean VVID was 9.18 mm, 9.32 mm, and 9.57 mm, respectively. Similarly, mean PFH was 8.15 mm, 8.30 mm, and 8.52 mm, respectively. There was a significant difference in HVID, VVID, and PFH among the three age groups (P ≤ 0.001), as well as among male and female children in the 6-10 years age group (P ≤ 0.05) but not in the other groups. Intraclass correlation coefficient values (0.78-0.95) show good agreement among the three optometrists for all parameters. The normal range of HVID, VVID, and PFH presented in the current study can help practitioners in the diagnosis of corneal disorders, serve as a basis for the design of contact lenses, and enable accurate intraocular lens power calculations for South Indian children.

本研究旨在建立南印度儿童队列中水平可见虹膜直径 (HVID)、垂直可见虹膜直径 (VVID) 和睑裂高度 (PFH) 的标准数据。研究对象包括来自印度泰米尔纳德邦不同地区六所学校的 1234 名儿童。三名验光师使用一把简单的毫米尺测量了HVID、VVID和PFH。根据年龄将儿童分为三组:学龄前儿童(4-5 岁)、小学儿童(6-10 岁)和高中儿童(11-15 岁)。三组儿童的平均年龄分别为(4.49 ± 0.50)岁、(8.00 ± 1.41)岁和(12.87 ± 1.42)岁。HVID 平均值分别为 10.45 毫米、10.54 毫米和 10.73 毫米。平均 VVID 分别为 9.18 毫米、9.32 毫米和 9.57 毫米。同样,PFH 的平均值分别为 8.15 毫米、8.30 毫米和 8.52 毫米。HVID、VVID和PFH在三个年龄组之间有明显差异(P≤0.001),在6-10岁年龄组的男女儿童之间也有明显差异(P≤0.05),但在其他组别中没有差异。类内相关系数(0.78-0.95)表明,三位验光师对所有参数的测量结果都很一致。本研究提出的 HVID、VVID 和 PFH 的正常范围有助于从业人员诊断角膜疾病,为隐形眼镜的设计提供依据,并能为南印度儿童准确计算眼内透镜的功率。
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引用次数: 0
The perceptions of medical students of online teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic: a national survey from Jordan. 医学生对 COVID-19 大流行期间在线教学的看法:约旦全国调查。
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2023-0116
Montaha Al-Iede, Jumana Albaramki, Ayah Alsoudi, Ruqaya Al-Ani, Faiha A Al-Akhras, Rana Al Najada, Sondos Al-Najjar, Rawan Al-Sallal, Al-Motasem Yousef, Shereen Aleidi, Basim Alqutawneh

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, Jordan declared a state of emergency on 19 March 2020, implementing a 10-week curfew and closing all educational institutions. Consequently, online learning commenced to ensure educational continuity amid the pandemic. The aim of this study was to assess medical students' perception of online teaching during this period in a limited-resource setting and to identify associated challenges. A cross-sectional survey was conducted involving 393 undergraduate medical students in their 4th, 5th, and 6th year from six universities across Jordan. The self-administered online survey included four categories, exploring the satisfaction of medical students and challenges they faced during online education, and was distributed on Facebook and WhatsApp. A total of 393 students completed the survey, 264 (62.6%) of which were female. The majority of respondents were from Jordan University and in their 4th year. Regarding online teaching, 218 (55.5%) expressed satisfaction; however, an equivalent percentage disagreed that online methods could replace traditional teaching. Notably, 238 (86%) believed that their confidence in new clinical skills acquired through online education was adversely affected. The study highlights the need for targeted interventions to improve the effectiveness of online education, especially in developing essential clinical skills.

为应对 COVID-19 大流行,约旦于 2020 年 3 月 19 日宣布进入紧急状态,实施为期 10 周的宵禁并关闭所有教育机构。因此,约旦开始了在线学习,以确保大流行病期间教育的连续性。本研究旨在评估医科学生在资源有限的情况下对这一时期在线教学的看法,并找出相关挑战。我们对约旦六所大学的 393 名四年级、五年级和六年级医科本科生进行了横向调查。自填式在线调查包括四个类别,探讨医学生的满意度以及他们在在线教育中面临的挑战,调查问卷通过 Facebook 和 WhatsApp 发布。共有 393 名学生完成了调查,其中 264 名(62.6%)为女生。大多数受访者来自约旦大学四年级。关于在线教学,218 人(55.5%)表示满意,但也有同等比例的人不同意在线教学方法可以取代传统教学。值得注意的是,238 名受访者(86%)认为他们对通过在线教育获得的新临床技能的信心受到了负面影响。这项研究强调,有必要采取有针对性的干预措施来提高在线教育的效果,尤其是在培养基本临床技能方面。
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引用次数: 0
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