Milan Z Momčilović, Jelena S Milićević, Marjan S Ranđelović
Widespread usage of pesticides in agricultural practice caused their residues to appear in water and food products intended for human consumption. The potential toxicity of these resources has raised awareness about pesticide tracking in the environment. Development of reliable electrochemical sensors for the on-site determination of pesticide concentrations is envisioned as an alternative to conventional chromatographic methods which are robust, expensive and require skilled work force. Modification of the working electrode surface can result in enhanced electrochemical response towards selected pesticide making such electrode convenient sensor for facile and efficient determination of pesticides in low concentrations. New generation of nanomaterials is applied in electrode modification in order to improve its sensitivity and selectivity. The present review summarizes significant advances in voltammetric detection of pesticides for the period of the past five years. The major focus of this review is set to the types of carbon and oxide based materials, metal nanoparticles, composites and other materials employed to upgrade standard electrode configurations such as glassy carbon and carbon paste electrodes, boron doped diamond electrodes, screen printed and film electrodes, metal and amalgam, and other kinds of electrodes.
{"title":"Recent Advances in Electrochemical Determination of Pesticides.","authors":"Milan Z Momčilović, Jelena S Milićević, Marjan S Ranđelović","doi":"10.1166/jnn.2021.19541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.19541","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Widespread usage of pesticides in agricultural practice caused their residues to appear in water and food products intended for human consumption. The potential toxicity of these resources has raised awareness about pesticide tracking in the environment. Development of reliable electrochemical sensors for the on-site determination of pesticide concentrations is envisioned as an alternative to conventional chromatographic methods which are robust, expensive and require skilled work force. Modification of the working electrode surface can result in enhanced electrochemical response towards selected pesticide making such electrode convenient sensor for facile and efficient determination of pesticides in low concentrations. New generation of nanomaterials is applied in electrode modification in order to improve its sensitivity and selectivity. The present review summarizes significant advances in voltammetric detection of pesticides for the period of the past five years. The major focus of this review is set to the types of carbon and oxide based materials, metal nanoparticles, composites and other materials employed to upgrade standard electrode configurations such as glassy carbon and carbon paste electrodes, boron doped diamond electrodes, screen printed and film electrodes, metal and amalgam, and other kinds of electrodes.</p>","PeriodicalId":16417,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39158833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to investigate the effects of DMSO@γ-Fe₂O₃ nanomagnetic fluid thermotherapy combined with the chemotherapy drug carmustine on cervical cancer cells under a certain intensity of alternating magnetic field. And the role of Mir-590-3P in the development and progression of cervical cancer. The optimal thermotherapy concentration of γ-Fe₂O₃ nanomaterials on cervical cancer cells was determined by in vitro heating. In addition, the MTT colorimetric method was used to evaluate the toxic effect of γ-Fe₂O₃ magnetic nanoparticles on cervical cancer cells, and the optimal therapeutic concentration of carbachol on cervical cancer cells was optimized (0.015 g · L-1). The cervical cancer cells were divided into control, γ-Fe₂O₃ hyperthermia, chemotherapy, and DMSO@γ-Fe₂O₃ combined chemotherapy groups. After 2 h exposure to hypothermic conditions, flow cytometry was used to assess cell apoptosis for each group. The heating effect of the γ-Fe₂O₃ magnetic nanomaterials was apparent. When the concentration of γ-Fe₂O₃ was ≥6 g· L-1, the temperature rise above 41 °C. γ-Fe₂O₃ is non-toxic to cervical cancer cells and has good biocompatibility. Taking the drug concentration of IC25 as the working concentration of this study, the working concentration of carmustine was 0.015 g · L-1. Both the 41 °C heat treatment and chemotherapy alone had a killing effect on glioma and cervical cancer cells (P < 0.05). Additionally, the combined inhibitory effect of DMSO@γ-Fe₂O₃ nanomagnetic fluid thermotherapy and drugs at this temperature was significantly stronger than that of thermotherapy and chemotherapy alone (P < 0.05). For the control, gamma-Fe₂O₃ hyperthermia, chemotherapy, and DMSO@γ-Fe₂O₃ combined chemotherapy groups, the apoptosis rates of the cervical cancer cells were 1.4%, 18.6%, 24.12%, and 38.97%, respectively. DMSO@γ-Fe₂O₃ nanomagnetic fluid thermotherapy combined with the chemotherapeutic drug carmustine exerted a noticeable toxic effect on the cervical cancer cells, and DMSO@γ-Fe₂O₃ significantly enhanced the killing effect of carmustine on cervical cancer cells.
{"title":"Effect of Superparamagnetic DMSO@<i>γ</i>-Fe₂O₃ Combined with Carmustine on Cervical Cancer.","authors":"Shu Wen, Weiping Xing, Lingxue Gao, Shuping Zhao","doi":"10.1166/jnn.2021.18596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.18596","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to investigate the effects of DMSO@<i>γ</i>-Fe₂O₃ nanomagnetic fluid thermotherapy combined with the chemotherapy drug carmustine on cervical cancer cells under a certain intensity of alternating magnetic field. And the role of Mir-590-3P in the development and progression of cervical cancer. The optimal thermotherapy concentration of <i>γ</i>-Fe₂O₃ nanomaterials on cervical cancer cells was determined by <i>in vitro</i> heating. In addition, the MTT colorimetric method was used to evaluate the toxic effect of <i>γ</i>-Fe₂O₃ magnetic nanoparticles on cervical cancer cells, and the optimal therapeutic concentration of carbachol on cervical cancer cells was optimized (0.015 g · L<sup>-1</sup>). The cervical cancer cells were divided into control, <i>γ</i>-Fe₂O₃ hyperthermia, chemotherapy, and DMSO@<i>γ</i>-Fe₂O₃ combined chemotherapy groups. After 2 h exposure to hypothermic conditions, flow cytometry was used to assess cell apoptosis for each group. The heating effect of the <i>γ</i>-Fe₂O₃ magnetic nanomaterials was apparent. When the concentration of <i>γ</i>-Fe₂O₃ was ≥6 g· L<sup>-1</sup>, the temperature rise above 41 °C. <i>γ</i>-Fe₂O₃ is non-toxic to cervical cancer cells and has good biocompatibility. Taking the drug concentration of IC25 as the working concentration of this study, the working concentration of carmustine was 0.015 g · L<sup>-1</sup>. Both the 41 °C heat treatment and chemotherapy alone had a killing effect on glioma and cervical cancer cells (P < 0.05). Additionally, the combined inhibitory effect of DMSO@<i>γ</i>-Fe₂O₃ nanomagnetic fluid thermotherapy and drugs at this temperature was significantly stronger than that of thermotherapy and chemotherapy alone (P < 0.05). For the control, gamma-Fe₂O₃ hyperthermia, chemotherapy, and DMSO@<i>γ</i>-Fe₂O₃ combined chemotherapy groups, the apoptosis rates of the cervical cancer cells were 1.4%, 18.6%, 24.12%, and 38.97%, respectively. DMSO@<i>γ</i>-Fe₂O₃ nanomagnetic fluid thermotherapy combined with the chemotherapeutic drug carmustine exerted a noticeable toxic effect on the cervical cancer cells, and DMSO@<i>γ</i>-Fe₂O₃ significantly enhanced the killing effect of carmustine on cervical cancer cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":16417,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39158961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nanomaterials with intrinsic enzyme-mimicking characteristics, refered to as nanozymes, have become a hot research topic owing to their unique advantages of comparative low cost, high stability and large-scale preparation. Among them, Single-atom nanozymes (SAzymes), as novel nanozymes with abundant atomically dispersed active sites, have caused specific attention in the development of nanozymes for their remarkable catalytic activities, maximum atomic utilization and excellent selectivity, the homogeneous catalytic sites and clear catalytic mechanisms. Herein, a novel single-atom nanozyme based on Fe(III)-doped polydiaminopyridine nanofusiforms (Fe-PDAP SAzyme) was successfully proposed via facile oxidation polymerization strategy. With well-defined coordination structure and abundant Fe-Nx active sites similar to natural metalloproteases, the Fe-PDAP SAzyme exhibits superior peroxidase-like activity by efficiently decomposing H₂O₂ for hydroxyl radical (.OH) species formation. Based on their superior peroxidase-like activity, colorimetric biosensing of H₂O₂ and glucose in vitro was performed by using a typical 3,3,5,5-tetramethylbenzidine through a multienzyme biocatalytic cascade platform, exhibiting the superior specificity and sensitivity. This work not only provides a novel promising SAzyme-based biosensor but also paves an avenue for evaluating enzyme activity and broadens the application of other nanozyme-based biosensors in the fields of biomedical diagnosis.
{"title":"Fe-Based Single-Atom Nanozyme with Superior Peroxidase-Mimicking Activity for Enhanced Ultrasensitive Biosensing.","authors":"Lili Chi, Yuetong Zhang, Yusheng Hua, Qiqi Xu, Mingzhu Lv, Huan Wang, Jiani Xie, Shengtao Yang, Yuan Yong","doi":"10.1166/jnn.2021.19533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.19533","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nanomaterials with intrinsic enzyme-mimicking characteristics, refered to as nanozymes, have become a hot research topic owing to their unique advantages of comparative low cost, high stability and large-scale preparation. Among them, Single-atom nanozymes (SAzymes), as novel nanozymes with abundant atomically dispersed active sites, have caused specific attention in the development of nanozymes for their remarkable catalytic activities, maximum atomic utilization and excellent selectivity, the homogeneous catalytic sites and clear catalytic mechanisms. Herein, a novel single-atom nanozyme based on Fe(III)-doped polydiaminopyridine nanofusiforms (Fe-PDAP SAzyme) was successfully proposed via facile oxidation polymerization strategy. With well-defined coordination structure and abundant Fe-Nx active sites similar to natural metalloproteases, the Fe-PDAP SAzyme exhibits superior peroxidase-like activity by efficiently decomposing H₂O₂ for hydroxyl radical (.OH) species formation. Based on their superior peroxidase-like activity, colorimetric biosensing of H₂O₂ and glucose <i>in vitro</i> was performed by using a typical 3,3,5,5-tetramethylbenzidine through a multienzyme biocatalytic cascade platform, exhibiting the superior specificity and sensitivity. This work not only provides a novel promising SAzyme-based biosensor but also paves an avenue for evaluating enzyme activity and broadens the application of other nanozyme-based biosensors in the fields of biomedical diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":16417,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39159031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Majid Mostaghelchi, Mohammad Zendehbad, Christian L Lengauer
Hematite nanoparticles possess unique properties which have motivated substantial attention for numerous applications, including environmental remediation and wastewater treatment as a promising novel technology. The magnetite-silicate raw material of Kiruna-type ore has been introduced as an innovative precursor, decreasing the attrition balance limit for large-scale production of the ball-mill-derived hematite nanoparticles below the critical size. In this study, the hypothesis and the postulated role of quartz in the effective size reduction process were further investigated. The prepared samples were characterized in detail via X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and powder X-ray diffractometry (pXRD) to be compared with the previous results. Furthermore, the catalytic and photocatalytic activities of the obtained nanoparticles were evaluated in the oxidation reaction of a common persistent sulfo-organic contaminant. The results exposed outstanding reactivity, particularly in their photocatalytic performance, suggesting them as a strong oxidizing agent and active photocatalyst, which greatly promises many possible applications including water and environmental remediation.
{"title":"Small Hematite Nanoparticles from the Kiruna-Type Ore; Evaluation of Declined Balance Limit of the Attrition Process and Their Catalytic Properties.","authors":"Majid Mostaghelchi, Mohammad Zendehbad, Christian L Lengauer","doi":"10.1166/jnn.2021.19502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.19502","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hematite nanoparticles possess unique properties which have motivated substantial attention for numerous applications, including environmental remediation and wastewater treatment as a promising novel technology. The magnetite-silicate raw material of Kiruna-type ore has been introduced as an innovative precursor, decreasing the attrition balance limit for large-scale production of the ball-mill-derived hematite nanoparticles below the critical size. In this study, the hypothesis and the postulated role of quartz in the effective size reduction process were further investigated. The prepared samples were characterized in detail via X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and powder X-ray diffractometry (pXRD) to be compared with the previous results. Furthermore, the catalytic and photocatalytic activities of the obtained nanoparticles were evaluated in the oxidation reaction of a common persistent sulfo-organic contaminant. The results exposed outstanding reactivity, particularly in their photocatalytic performance, suggesting them as a strong oxidizing agent and active photocatalyst, which greatly promises many possible applications including water and environmental remediation.</p>","PeriodicalId":16417,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39158626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yan Li, He-Ping Yang, Shu Chen, Xiang-Jiang Wu, Yun-Fei Long
Carbon dots have good biocompatibility, low toxicity, excellent photoluminescence properties, and good light stability, endowing them good application prospects in drug detection, chemical analysis, drug delivery, and other fields. In this study, p-phenylenediamine was used as the carbon source, and carbon dots were synthesized in hydrochloric acid medium using microwave method. When the excitation wavelength is about 300 nm, a strong emission peak of 689 nm is detected for the synthesized carbon dots. Carbon dots' size is about 4.0±0.2 nm, and the carbon dots with spherical shape are uniformly distributed. The quantum yield of carbon dots is 8.07%. In addition, cephalosporins. were detected and analyzed using synthetic carbon dots. The results show that the presence of cephalosporins reduced the fluorescence intensity of carbon dots, and the reduced fluorescence intensity of the synthesized carbon dots showed a linear correlation with the cephalosporins' concentration. Cephalosporins' detection scope is 0.2 μmol/L to 80 μ mol/L, and the detection limit is 0.084 μ mol/L. A mechanism study shows that the effect of cephalosporins on carbon dot's fluorescence intensity can be attributed to the inner filter effect of cephalosporins. On this basis, a sensitive and 0selective cephalosporins detection method was established. Furthermore, this established method for cephalosporins detection was applied to real samples, resulting in a low relative standard deviation (RSD) and good recoveries.
{"title":"Simple Preparation of Carbon Dots and Application in Cephalosporin Detection.","authors":"Yan Li, He-Ping Yang, Shu Chen, Xiang-Jiang Wu, Yun-Fei Long","doi":"10.1166/jnn.2021.19520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.19520","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Carbon dots have good biocompatibility, low toxicity, excellent photoluminescence properties, and good light stability, endowing them good application prospects in drug detection, chemical analysis, drug delivery, and other fields. In this study, <i>p</i>-phenylenediamine was used as the carbon source, and carbon dots were synthesized in hydrochloric acid medium using microwave method. When the excitation wavelength is about 300 nm, a strong emission peak of 689 nm is detected for the synthesized carbon dots. Carbon dots' size is about 4.0±0.2 nm, and the carbon dots with spherical shape are uniformly distributed. The quantum yield of carbon dots is 8.07%. In addition, cephalosporins. were detected and analyzed using synthetic carbon dots. The results show that the presence of cephalosporins reduced the fluorescence intensity of carbon dots, and the reduced fluorescence intensity of the synthesized carbon dots showed a linear correlation with the cephalosporins' concentration. Cephalosporins' detection scope is 0.2 <i>μ</i>mol/L to 80 <i>μ</i> mol/L, and the detection limit is 0.084 <i>μ</i> mol/L. A mechanism study shows that the effect of cephalosporins on carbon dot's fluorescence intensity can be attributed to the inner filter effect of cephalosporins. On this basis, a sensitive and 0selective cephalosporins detection method was established. Furthermore, this established method for cephalosporins detection was applied to real samples, resulting in a low relative standard deviation (RSD) and good recoveries.</p>","PeriodicalId":16417,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39158629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the rapid development of the electronics industry, high-density electronic devices and component mounting have gained popularity. Because of the heat generated from these devices, efficiency of the electronic parts is significantly lowered and life of various electronic devices is considerably shortened. Therefore, it is essential to efficiently dissipate the heat generated from the device to extend product life and ensure high efficiency of electronic components. This study evaluated how residual stress is impacted by the thickness of the deposited copper film, which is widely used as a heat dissipation material, and the number of graphene layers. The results confirmed that the residual stress decreased with increasing thickness. Moreover, the residual stress changed based on the transfer area of graphene, which had an elastic modulus eight times that of copper, indicating that the residual stress of the deposited copper film can be controlled.
{"title":"A Study on the Control of Residual Stress of Copper Thick-Film Using 2D Nanomaterial.","authors":"Kwon Jai Lee, Jee Young Oh, Kyong Nam Kim","doi":"10.1166/jnn.2021.19512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.19512","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the rapid development of the electronics industry, high-density electronic devices and component mounting have gained popularity. Because of the heat generated from these devices, efficiency of the electronic parts is significantly lowered and life of various electronic devices is considerably shortened. Therefore, it is essential to efficiently dissipate the heat generated from the device to extend product life and ensure high efficiency of electronic components. This study evaluated how residual stress is impacted by the thickness of the deposited copper film, which is widely used as a heat dissipation material, and the number of graphene layers. The results confirmed that the residual stress decreased with increasing thickness. Moreover, the residual stress changed based on the transfer area of graphene, which had an elastic modulus eight times that of copper, indicating that the residual stress of the deposited copper film can be controlled.</p>","PeriodicalId":16417,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39158698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Micro and nano structures of quartz schist, plagioclase granite, and granitic gneiss in the Xiaomei Shear Zone located in southeastern Hainan Island, China are observed using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Ultramicroscopic analyses indicate that three types of nanoparticles were found in the samples, including spherical nanoparticles, agglomerated nanoparticles and nanofibers. These nanoparticles are mainly developed in the fracture zones. The more fractures there are, the more nanoparticles are developed. Energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) are used to ascertain the composition of the nanoparticles. The results suggest that the nanoparticles are mainly composed of silicate, dolomite and calcite, rich in O, Si, Al, Ca. Based on our results, we suggest that nanoparticle formation is a complex, plastic-brittle transition process. Thermal decomposition driven by steady shearing possibly forms well-organized nanoparticles, while fast-moving dislocations by shock-like stress release possibly forms radial nanofibers.
{"title":"Origin and Composition of Nanoparticles Induced in a Complex Plastic-Brittle Transition Process of Xiaomei Shear Zone, Hainan Island, China.","authors":"Yang Zhou, Bao-Yun Shen, Hai-Ling Liu, Yi Yan","doi":"10.1166/jnn.2021.18887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.18887","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Micro and nano structures of quartz schist, plagioclase granite, and granitic gneiss in the Xiaomei Shear Zone located in southeastern Hainan Island, China are observed using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Ultramicroscopic analyses indicate that three types of nanoparticles were found in the samples, including spherical nanoparticles, agglomerated nanoparticles and nanofibers. These nanoparticles are mainly developed in the fracture zones. The more fractures there are, the more nanoparticles are developed. Energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) are used to ascertain the composition of the nanoparticles. The results suggest that the nanoparticles are mainly composed of silicate, dolomite and calcite, rich in O, Si, Al, Ca. Based on our results, we suggest that nanoparticle formation is a complex, plastic-brittle transition process. Thermal decomposition driven by steady shearing possibly forms well-organized nanoparticles, while fast-moving dislocations by shock-like stress release possibly forms radial nanofibers.</p>","PeriodicalId":16417,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39158895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hérica Daniele Costa Araújo, Tiago da Silva Arouche, Raul Nunes de Carvalho Junior, Teodorico Castro Ramalho, Rosivaldo Dos Santos Borges, Mozaniel Santana de Oliveira, Francisco das Chagas Marques, Antonio Maia de Jesus Chaves Neto
The high contamination by the SARS-Cov-2 virus has led to the search for ways to minimize contagion. Masks are used as part of a strategy of measures to suppress transmission and save lives. However, they are not sufficient to provide an adequate level of protection against COVID-19. Activated charcoal has an efficient antibacterial action, adsorption and low cost. Here, the interaction between two molecules of activated carbon was analyzed, interacting with two structures of the SARS-Cov-2, through docking and molecular dynamics using the platforms Autodock Vina 4.2.6, Gaussian 09 and Amber 16. As a result, the complexes from ozone-functionalized coal to viral structures happen mainly through hydrophobic interactions at the binding site of each receptor. The values of the mean square deviations of the two systems formed by ligands/receptors and showed better stability. The results of Gibbs free energy showed a better interaction between proteins and functionalized charcoal, with △Gtotal values of -48.530 and -38.882 kcal/mol. Thus, the set formed by combinations of proteins with functionalized activated carbon tends to more efficiently adsorb the protein components of the coronavirus to the pores of the activated carbon with ozone during filtration.
{"title":"Interactions of Ozone-Functionalized Activated Charcoal with SARS-Cov-2 Proteases Using Molecular Docking and Dynamics.","authors":"Hérica Daniele Costa Araújo, Tiago da Silva Arouche, Raul Nunes de Carvalho Junior, Teodorico Castro Ramalho, Rosivaldo Dos Santos Borges, Mozaniel Santana de Oliveira, Francisco das Chagas Marques, Antonio Maia de Jesus Chaves Neto","doi":"10.1166/jnn.2021.19525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.19525","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The high contamination by the SARS-Cov-2 virus has led to the search for ways to minimize contagion. Masks are used as part of a strategy of measures to suppress transmission and save lives. However, they are not sufficient to provide an adequate level of protection against COVID-19. Activated charcoal has an efficient antibacterial action, adsorption and low cost. Here, the interaction between two molecules of activated carbon was analyzed, interacting with two structures of the SARS-Cov-2, through docking and molecular dynamics using the platforms Autodock Vina 4.2.6, Gaussian 09 and Amber 16. As a result, the complexes from ozone-functionalized coal to viral structures happen mainly through hydrophobic interactions at the binding site of each receptor. The values of the mean square deviations of the two systems formed by ligands/receptors and showed better stability. The results of Gibbs free energy showed a better interaction between proteins and functionalized charcoal, with △Gtotal values of -48.530 and -38.882 kcal/mol. Thus, the set formed by combinations of proteins with functionalized activated carbon tends to more efficiently adsorb the protein components of the coronavirus to the pores of the activated carbon with ozone during filtration.</p>","PeriodicalId":16417,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39159100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guilherme A Camargo, Amanda M Lyra, Fernanda M Barboza, Barbara C Fiorin, Flávio L Beltrame, Jessica M Nadal, Andressa Novatski, Paulo V Farago
The aim of this paper was to use chromatographic tools for validating an analytical method for the tacrolimus (TAC) determination in polymeric nanocapsules and for identifying the drug degradation products after alkaline stress. A rapid Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with photo-diode array (UHPLC-PDA) method was successfully performed using the following chromatographic conditions: the Shimadzu Shim-pack XR-ODS III C18 column (100 mm×2.00 mm, 2.2 μm), the mobile phase consisting of methanol and acidified ultrapure water (89:11 v/v), the flow rate of 0.55 mL·min-1, and the ultraviolet (UV) detection at 235 nm. This method was validated as per International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines. In addition, a TAC forced degradation assay was carried out after alkaline stress and its degradation products were investigated using Liquid Chromatography coupled tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS). The calibration curve was linear in the range of 100.0-300.0 μg·mL-1 (r >0.9999). Accuracy was confirmed by the TAC recovery of 96.55 to 98.19%. Precision (intraday and interday) were demonstrated by relative standard deviation lower than 0.89% and 3.25%, respectively. Selectivity and robustness were also proved. The method developed it was successfully applied to quantify TAC from polymeric nanocapsules, showing a high loading efficiency rate (>96.47%). The main drug degradation product observed in a multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) experiment was m/z 844, confirming the susceptibility of TAC under alkaline conditions; this finding was first time described.
利用色谱方法对聚合物纳米胶囊中他克莫司(TAC)的含量测定及碱胁迫后药物降解产物的鉴定方法进行了验证。采用岛津Shimadzu Shim-pack XR-ODS III C18色谱柱(100 mm×2.00 mm, 2.2 μm),流动相为甲醇-酸化超纯水(89:11 v/v),流速为0.55 mL·min-1,紫外(UV)检测波长为235 nm,建立了高效液相色谱-光电二极管阵列(UHPLC-PDA)方法。该方法根据国际协调理事会(ICH)指南进行了验证。此外,采用液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)对TAC进行了碱性胁迫后的强制降解实验,并对其降解产物进行了研究。在100.0 ~ 300.0 μg·mL-1范围内呈线性关系(r >0.9999)。准确度为96.55 ~ 98.19%。精密度(日内、日间)相对标准偏差分别小于0.89%和3.25%。证明了该方法的选择性和鲁棒性。该方法成功地应用于聚合物纳米胶囊中TAC的定量,具有较高的负载效率(>96.47%)。多重反应监测(MRM)实验观察到的主要药物降解产物为m/z 844,证实了TAC在碱性条件下的敏感性;这一发现是首次被描述。
{"title":"Validation of Analytical Methods for Tacrolimus Determination in Poly(<i>ε</i>-caprolactone) Nanocapsules and Identification of Drug Degradation Products.","authors":"Guilherme A Camargo, Amanda M Lyra, Fernanda M Barboza, Barbara C Fiorin, Flávio L Beltrame, Jessica M Nadal, Andressa Novatski, Paulo V Farago","doi":"10.1166/jnn.2021.19500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.19500","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this paper was to use chromatographic tools for validating an analytical method for the tacrolimus (TAC) determination in polymeric nanocapsules and for identifying the drug degradation products after alkaline stress. A rapid Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with photo-diode array (UHPLC-PDA) method was successfully performed using the following chromatographic conditions: the Shimadzu Shim-pack XR-ODS III C18 column (100 mm×2.00 mm, 2.2 <i>μ</i>m), the mobile phase consisting of methanol and acidified ultrapure water (89:11 v/v), the flow rate of 0.55 mL·min<sup>-1</sup>, and the ultraviolet (UV) detection at 235 nm. This method was validated as per International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines. In addition, a TAC forced degradation assay was carried out after alkaline stress and its degradation products were investigated using Liquid Chromatography coupled tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS). The calibration curve was linear in the range of 100.0-300.0 <i>μ</i>g·mL<sup>-1</sup> (<i>r</i> >0.9999). Accuracy was confirmed by the TAC recovery of 96.55 to 98.19%. Precision (intraday and interday) were demonstrated by relative standard deviation lower than 0.89% and 3.25%, respectively. Selectivity and robustness were also proved. The method developed it was successfully applied to quantify TAC from polymeric nanocapsules, showing a high loading efficiency rate (>96.47%). The main drug degradation product observed in a multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) experiment was <i>m/z</i> 844, confirming the susceptibility of TAC under alkaline conditions; this finding was first time described.</p>","PeriodicalId":16417,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39158694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaofang Song, Lifo Ruan, Tianyu Zheng, Jun Wei, Jiayu Zhang, Huiru Lu, Huiru Lu, Yi Hu, Jun Chen, Yanan Xue
Facile preparation of a tumoral-stimuli-activated theranostic nanoparticle with simple constituents remains a challenge for tumor theranostic nanosystems. Herein we design a simple reductionresponsive turn-on theranostic nanoparticle for achieving fluorescent imaging and phototherapy combination. The theranostic nanoparticle is prepared by a simple one-step dialysis method of reduction active amphiphilic hyperbranched poly(β-amidoamines) and a near-infrared (NIR) dye indocyanine green (ICG). The fluorescence of ICG is quenched by the aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) effect. The fluorescent intensity of free ICG at 816 nm was ∼40 times as high as that of particulate ICG. After reductive nanoparticles incubated with dithiothreitol (DTT), the size of the nanoparticles increased from 160 nm to 610 nm by Dynamic light scattering (DLS). As nanoparticles were internalized by cancer cells, the disulfide bonds would be cleaved by intracellular reduction agents like glutathione (GSH), leading to the release of entrapped ICG. The released ICG regained its fluorescence for self-monitoring the release and therapeutic effect of ICG by fluorescence spectra and the quantitative evaluation of NIR fluorescence intensity. Remarkably, nanoparticles can also reinforce antitumor efficacy through photodynamic therapy and GSH depletion property. This study provides new insights into designing turn-on theranostic systems.
{"title":"A Reduction Active Theranostic Nanoparticle for Enhanced Near-Infrared Imaging and Phototherapy by Reducing Glutathione Level in Cancer Cells.","authors":"Xiaofang Song, Lifo Ruan, Tianyu Zheng, Jun Wei, Jiayu Zhang, Huiru Lu, Huiru Lu, Yi Hu, Jun Chen, Yanan Xue","doi":"10.1166/jnn.2021.19514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.19514","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Facile preparation of a tumoral-stimuli-activated theranostic nanoparticle with simple constituents remains a challenge for tumor theranostic nanosystems. Herein we design a simple reductionresponsive turn-on theranostic nanoparticle for achieving fluorescent imaging and phototherapy combination. The theranostic nanoparticle is prepared by a simple one-step dialysis method of reduction active amphiphilic hyperbranched poly(<i>β</i>-amidoamines) and a near-infrared (NIR) dye indocyanine green (ICG). The fluorescence of ICG is quenched by the aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) effect. The fluorescent intensity of free ICG at 816 nm was ∼40 times as high as that of particulate ICG. After reductive nanoparticles incubated with dithiothreitol (DTT), the size of the nanoparticles increased from 160 nm to 610 nm by Dynamic light scattering (DLS). As nanoparticles were internalized by cancer cells, the disulfide bonds would be cleaved by intracellular reduction agents like glutathione (GSH), leading to the release of entrapped ICG. The released ICG regained its fluorescence for self-monitoring the release and therapeutic effect of ICG by fluorescence spectra and the quantitative evaluation of NIR fluorescence intensity. Remarkably, nanoparticles can also reinforce antitumor efficacy through photodynamic therapy and GSH depletion property. This study provides new insights into designing turn-on theranostic systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":16417,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39158699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}