Journal of musculoskeletal & neuronal interactions最新文献

Objectives: This study investigated the therapeutic effects of stigmasterol (STG), derived from Cornus officinalis, on osteoporosis in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: Twenty-four Male Sprague-Dawley rats (6 weeks old) were used to establish a T2DM model and were divided into four groups: normal diet (ND), high-fat diet (HFD), low-dose STG (STG-L, 100 mg/kg), and high-dose STG (STG-H, 200 mg/kg). The rats received daily gavage treatments for four weeks. Therapeutic effects were assessed by examining femoral bone structure, serum bone formation markers (P1NP, osteocalcin, and osteoprotegerin), bone resorption indices (CTX-1 and RANKL), and osteogenic protein expression (Runx2, osteopontin, and COL1A1).

Results: STG significantly reduced fasting blood glucose levels and improved insulin resistance in T2DM rats. It enhanced trabecular bone microstructure, with the STG-H group demonstrating superior effects. Compared to the HFD group, STG increased bone mineral density, bone volume fraction (BV/TV), and trabecular thickness, while reducing bone surface-to-volume ratio (BS/BV) and trabecular separation. STG also elevated serum levels of P1NP, osteocalcin, and osteoprotegerin, while reducing CTX-1 and RANKL. Western blot analysis revealed increased expression of Runx2, osteopontin, and COL1A1 in femoral tissues.

Conclusions: STG appears to alleviate osteoporosis in diabetes by improving bone microstructure, promoting bone formation, and reducing bone resorption, indicating its potential as a therapeutic option for managing osteoporosis.

Objectives: Impact exercises are known to increase bone mineral density (BMD) through the biological process of bone remodeling, increasing strength and resistance to fracture. The purpose of this study was to compare several measures that have been used as surrogates for bone impact as a magnitude of its potential to induce bone remodeling.

Methods: Twenty healthy adults (10 male, 10 female) participated in a biomechanical investigation of how drop height and landing style (bilateral vs. unilateral) affect various estimates of bone remodeling stimuli. These stimuli surrogates include accelerations measured by Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs), ground reaction forces, joint contact forces estimated by musculoskeletal modeling, and tibia strains estimated by finite element modeling.

Results: Drop height was directly related to stimulus magnitudes, but there was little benefit to drop heights greater than 0.4 m. In contrast, switching from a bilateral to a unilateral landing had a large positive effect. A post-hoc analysis revealed that a linear regression of kinematics and reaction force explained up to 79% of the variance in computationally expensive bone remodeling stimulus measures.

Conclusions: subject-specific bone strain analysis may not be necessary to understand the magnitude of a bone remodeling stimulus of an exercise.

Objectives: To investigate the role of a tendon-derived stem cell (TDSC) sheet in tendon-bone healing within an extra-articular bone tunnel rat model.

Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The superficial flexor tendon, with or without a TDSC sheet, was transplanted into a 1.0-mm diameter bone tunnel in the proximal tibia. The impact of the TDSC sheet on tendon-bone healing was assessed through radiological analysis, histological staining, and biomechanical testing.

Results: The TDSC sheet significantly enhanced tendon-bone healing, as evidenced by higher tunnel bone mineral density and bone volume/total volume at 4 weeks post-operation. Hematoxylin-eosin staining revealed that the TDSC sheet promoted the alignment of perpendicular collagen fibers connecting the tendon to the bone, along with Sharpey's fibers and new bone formation at the tendon-bone junction at both 4 and 8 weeks. Additionally, Masson's staining demonstrated that the tendon-bone interface was filled with abundant collagen fibers, with a significantly higher proportion of collagen fiber area in the TDSC sheet group compared to the control group at both 4 and 8 weeks.

Conclusion: The TDSC sheet may enhance tendon-bone healing in the early stages, providing a potential therapeutic approach to accelerate tendon-bone remodeling.

Objectives: This study aims to characterize a three-dimensional-printed hydroxyapatite (HA)/polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffold and assess its biocompatibility both in vitro and in vivo.

Methods: A bionic, porous HA/PCL scaffold was fabricated using 3D printing, and its microstructure, porosity, hydrophilicity, and mechanical properties were evaluated through scanning electron microscopy and various assays. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and vascular endothelial progenitor cells (VEPCs) were co-cultured with the scaffold, and their proliferation and osteogenic differentiation were assessed using the Cell Counting Kit-8, ALP assays, and alizarin red staining. Osteogenic marker expression was analyzed via qRT-PCR. In vivo bone regeneration was evaluated through histological analysis of H&E and Masson's trichrome staining in a rat cranial defect model.

Results: The average pore size of the scaffold was 462.00 ± 100.389 μm, with a porosity of 53%, a water absorption expansion rate of 5.10%, a contact angle of 94.55°, an elastic modulus of 53.82 MPa, and a compressive strength of 6.10 MPa. ALP activity and qRT-PCR analysis of osteogenic markers (BMP2, OCN, Runx2) showed significant upregulation in cells co-cultured with the scaffolds. In vivo experiments demonstrated enhanced bone regeneration and collagen deposition in the HA/PCL scaffold group.

Conclusion: The results suggest that the HA/PCL scaffold promotes osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration, making it suitable for bone tissue engineering applications.

Objective: To analyze the incidence and influencing factors of perioperative occult blood loss in elderly hip fracture patients.

Methods: 145 cases of elderly hip fracture patients treated at our hospital from July 2022 to December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were grouped based on the presence or absence of perioperative occult blood loss.

Results: A total of 145 elderly hip fracture patients were included, with an average occult blood loss of 574.58±63.21 ml. Occult blood loss occurred in 42 cases, with an incidence rate of 28.97%, while 103 cases did not experience occult blood loss, with an incidence rate of 71.03%.

Conclusion: Perioperative occult blood loss in elderly hip fracture patients is common and is associated with factors such as the type of surgery, anesthesia, postoperative drainage, and autologous blood transfusion. These factors constitute risk factors for perioperative occult blood loss in this patient population and warrant clinical attention and early preventive measures.

Objectives: This study investigated the impact of hamstring strain injuries (HSI) and vision on muscle recruitment and postural control in athletes with HSI.

Methods: Fourteen athletes with HSI and fourteen healthy controls performed a single-leg balance task under eyes-closed and eyes-open conditions while leaning to the maximum forward and backward. The root-mean-square electromyography (EMG), median frequency, and center of pressure (COP) trajectories were calculated for 15 seconds. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA was conducted to assess differences between the groups and eye conditions.

Results: Individuals with HSI exhibited lower hamstring activation during postural leans in the lateral hamstring (p = 0.009) during forward lean and both lateral (p = 0.001) and medial hamstring (p < 0.001) during backward lean. There were no significant changes in median frequency between the groups. Consequently, this resulted in a greater sway range and a larger 95% confidence ellipse area. The eye conditions primarily affected EMG frequency and COP parameters during leaning in both directions.

Conclusion: Athletes with HSI exhibit a persistent deficit in hamstring activation, adversely affecting their postural control. These muscle impairments may compromise balance control and may impact sports performance. Therefore, implementing balance training programs should be considered in clinical rehabilitation for HSI.

Anterior tarsal tunnel syndrome, an infrequent entrapment neuropathy involving the deep peroneal nerve beneath the inferior extensor retinaculum in the anterior ankle, is often overlooked on medical images, leading to delayed diagnosis and treatment. We present the case of a 52-year-old male, an avid runner, who exhibited a sensation of burning and tingling in the dorsal region of both feet. Electrophysiologic studies suggested bilateral deep peroneal neuropathy. Subsequent magnetic resonance imaging revealed bilateral focal regions of signal alteration, consistent with scarring, encasing the deep peroneal nerves at the anterior tarsal tunnel. These regions were indented by the deep laminae of the inferior extensor retinacula, suggesting compression. The constellation of findings was consistent with anterior tarsal tunnel syndrome. This is a unique case of bilateral deep peroneal nerve entrapment exacerbated by repetitive microtrauma, culminating in anterior tarsal tunnel syndrome. Notably, this case represents the first instance in literature where MRI played a pivotal role in diagnosis.

Objective: To elucidate how indomethacin may slow the progression of osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods: Chondrocytes were treated with IL-1β (10 ng/mL) for 12 hours to create an in vitro model of OA. Following this, 10 μM of indomethacin was added to the IL-1β-treated chondrocytes for an additional 4 hours to evaluate its effects on inflammation, anabolism, catabolism, apoptosis, and autophagy using ELISA, western blot, immunofluorescence and flow cytometry, respectively.

Results: IL-1β significantly stimulated inflammatory responses, hampered anabolic processes, induced catabolic activity, accelerated apoptosis, and inhibited autophagy in chondrocytes, as well as activated the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. However, treatment with indomethacin reversed the effects of IL-1β stimulation on chondrocytes and simultaneously suppressed the activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.

Conclusions: Our findings indicate the mechanism of action of indomethacin in mitigating OA progression, indicating that it can inactivate the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, thereby regulating inflammation, metabolism, apoptosis, and autophagy in chondrocytes, which attenuates the development of OA.

Objective: To evaluate the trends in physical fitness in children and adolescents.

Method: The present study focusses on a longitudinal analysis of the single two-legged jump (S2LJ) from children and adolescents, who participated in the DONALD study from 2004 till 2022. P _max/body mass (power, surrogate for muscular performance), V _max (bounce speed, surrogate for coordination), F _max/body mass (force, surrogate for muscular strength) and $\frac{V_{\max }}{F_{\max }/\mathrm{BM}}$ (Nerve-Muscle Index, surrogate for jump efficiency) were examined by linear mixed models and propensity-score(PS)-matching analysis.

Results: Data from 1,485 measurements from males and 1,445 from females were included. Mean age was 10.9 years for males and 11.4 years for females. The range of the number of repeated S2LJ was 1 to 8, the median was 3. In PS-matching analysis, there was a dose-effect relationship between the test date and the S2LJ parameters in such a way that P _max/body mass and F _max/body mass decreased with more recent test dates (effect size at a difference in the test date of 1.7 decades: 0.25 - 0.3) whereby V _max and $\frac{V_{\max }}{F_{\max }/\mathrm{BM}}$ showed no consistent trend.

Conclusion: Motor performance in children, assessed by the S2LJ, has decreased over the last two decades, mainly due to lower muscular strength, while motor efficiency and coordination seemed to be unchanged.

Objectives: To assess the performance of five osteoporosis clinical risk assessment tools (SCORE, ORAI, ABONE, OST and OSIRIS), in a subgroup of young postmenopausal women aged 50-64, who underwent DXA screening.

Methods: The above-mentioned osteoporosis risk assessment tools were calculated for 258 young postmenopausal women (aged 50-64) who had a DXA scan, in Crete/Greece.

Results: Patients with a T-score ≤ -2.5 or a T-score ≤ -2.0 had a statistically significant higher value of SCORE, ORAI and ABONE and a lower value of OST, OSIRIS, and OSIRIS Adjusted Score, compared to the patients with T-score > -2.5 and T-score > -2.0, respectively. ORAI (T-score≤ -2.0) and OST (T-score≤ -2.5) demonstrated the highest sum of sensitivity and specificity. CHAID analysis further confirmed the relative significance of the OST tool in the osteoporosis group (T-score≤ -2.5 vs. T-score > -2.5), for a cut-off of 2.8. In the other group (T-score ≤ -2.0 vs T-score > -2.0) the ORAI score showed a significantly important relationship for a cut-off of 8.

Conclusion: OST, despite its performance limitations, correlates best with the DXA measurements of young (50-64), postmenopausal osteoporotic women, a fact which may suggest its' potential role as a screening tool in this specific age group.