Let X be a measurement space and f(x) a real function defined on it. If f(x) takes only a small set of discrete values then we have the standard classification problem. Otherwise f (x) can be considered as defining a fuzzy pattern recognition problem. We consider the problem of dividing X into regions xi( = 1,2 .... R) such that on each one of them f(x) is approximated either by a constant or a linear function. The partition is generated for a given R by minimizing the total integral square error. This problem is equivalent to piecewise functional approximation. After the regions Xi. and the approximations have been determined than it is possible to predict the value f(x) for any given measurement x. The computational requirements of this approach are higher than those of the common learning algorithms but it is applicable in cases where (except for extreme cases) class membership is vaguely defined as it is often the case in socio-economic problems, mechanical and medical diagnosis etc.
{"title":"Learning algorithms when class membership is poorly defined","authors":"T. Pavlidis","doi":"10.1109/CDC.1975.270746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CDC.1975.270746","url":null,"abstract":"Let X be a measurement space and f(x) a real function defined on it. If f(x) takes only a small set of discrete values then we have the standard classification problem. Otherwise f (x) can be considered as defining a fuzzy pattern recognition problem. We consider the problem of dividing X into regions xi( = 1,2 .... R) such that on each one of them f(x) is approximated either by a constant or a linear function. The partition is generated for a given R by minimizing the total integral square error. This problem is equivalent to piecewise functional approximation. After the regions Xi. and the approximations have been determined than it is possible to predict the value f(x) for any given measurement x. The computational requirements of this approach are higher than those of the common learning algorithms but it is applicable in cases where (except for extreme cases) class membership is vaguely defined as it is often the case in socio-economic problems, mechanical and medical diagnosis etc.","PeriodicalId":164707,"journal":{"name":"1975 IEEE Conference on Decision and Control including the 14th Symposium on Adaptive Processes","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126647715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A digital computer program (ORACLS) for implementing the optimal regulator theory approach to the design of controllers for linear time-invariant systems is described. The user-oriented program employs the latest numerical techniques and is applicable to both the digital and continuous control problems.
{"title":"ORACLS-A modern control theory design package","authors":"E. Armstrong","doi":"10.1109/CDC.1975.270604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CDC.1975.270604","url":null,"abstract":"A digital computer program (ORACLS) for implementing the optimal regulator theory approach to the design of controllers for linear time-invariant systems is described. The user-oriented program employs the latest numerical techniques and is applicable to both the digital and continuous control problems.","PeriodicalId":164707,"journal":{"name":"1975 IEEE Conference on Decision and Control including the 14th Symposium on Adaptive Processes","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126162882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We consider optimal control problems in which the state evolves as a semi-markovian process and the control acts only at some random times with instantaneous costs at these times. Dynamic programming optimality conditions take the form of differential inequalities which can be solved numerically.
{"title":"Impulse control for semi markovain processes","authors":"M. Robin","doi":"10.1109/CDC.1975.270740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CDC.1975.270740","url":null,"abstract":"We consider optimal control problems in which the state evolves as a semi-markovian process and the control acts only at some random times with instantaneous costs at these times. Dynamic programming optimality conditions take the form of differential inequalities which can be solved numerically.","PeriodicalId":164707,"journal":{"name":"1975 IEEE Conference on Decision and Control including the 14th Symposium on Adaptive Processes","volume":"163 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126259035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years Jon Claerbout and his colleagues at Stanford University have published several articles on numerical studies of approximations to the wave equation. These techniques have been applied to the migration of stacked seismic data, wherein a seismic wave field measured at the earth's surface is extrapolated downward into the subsurface. A simplified description of the method will be given, together with an account of some of the practical computer programming problems and the types of inaccuracies encountered. Routine production results are considered to be comparable or superior to the results derived from alternative migration techniques. Particular advantages are as follows: one, the possibility of using a detailed velocity model of the earth for the migration and two, the preservation of the amplitude and character of the seismic events.
{"title":"The wave equation applied to the migration of seismic data","authors":"D. Loewenthal, Lee Lu, R. Roberson, J. Sherwood","doi":"10.1109/CDC.1975.270659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CDC.1975.270659","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years Jon Claerbout and his colleagues at Stanford University have published several articles on numerical studies of approximations to the wave equation. These techniques have been applied to the migration of stacked seismic data, wherein a seismic wave field measured at the earth's surface is extrapolated downward into the subsurface. A simplified description of the method will be given, together with an account of some of the practical computer programming problems and the types of inaccuracies encountered. Routine production results are considered to be comparable or superior to the results derived from alternative migration techniques. Particular advantages are as follows: one, the possibility of using a detailed velocity model of the earth for the migration and two, the preservation of the amplitude and character of the seismic events.","PeriodicalId":164707,"journal":{"name":"1975 IEEE Conference on Decision and Control including the 14th Symposium on Adaptive Processes","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125723402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Most of the initial benefits derived from simulating seismic exploration over subsurface models were directed toward structural interpretive applications. Current seismic model studies are providing insights which are principally of stratigraphic nature. For example, the resolution inherent in the usual band of seismic frequencies under appropriate conditions was discovered to be at least three times greater than previously conceived. Additionally, quantitative methods for utilizing wavelet processed data are beginning to emerge. Such progress at this early stage of effort suggests more significant results to follow.
{"title":"Interpretive uses of seismic modeling with emphasis on stratigraphy and seismic resolution","authors":"N. Neidell, J. Lindsey, F. Hilterman","doi":"10.1109/CDC.1975.270661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CDC.1975.270661","url":null,"abstract":"Most of the initial benefits derived from simulating seismic exploration over subsurface models were directed toward structural interpretive applications. Current seismic model studies are providing insights which are principally of stratigraphic nature. For example, the resolution inherent in the usual band of seismic frequencies under appropriate conditions was discovered to be at least three times greater than previously conceived. Additionally, quantitative methods for utilizing wavelet processed data are beginning to emerge. Such progress at this early stage of effort suggests more significant results to follow.","PeriodicalId":164707,"journal":{"name":"1975 IEEE Conference on Decision and Control including the 14th Symposium on Adaptive Processes","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126058806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A long standing approach to nonlinear system theory is the use of Volterra series to represent Input/output behavior. Techniques have been developed for determining the terms in the series from differential equation descriptions and from Input/output experiments. However the generality of this representation in a sense ignores structural features of the system under consideration, and this often precludes mathematical tractibility.
{"title":"Reachability, observability, and realization theory for factorable Volterra systems","authors":"T. Harper, W. Rugh","doi":"10.1109/CDC.1975.270708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CDC.1975.270708","url":null,"abstract":"A long standing approach to nonlinear system theory is the use of Volterra series to represent Input/output behavior. Techniques have been developed for determining the terms in the series from differential equation descriptions and from Input/output experiments. However the generality of this representation in a sense ignores structural features of the system under consideration, and this often precludes mathematical tractibility.","PeriodicalId":164707,"journal":{"name":"1975 IEEE Conference on Decision and Control including the 14th Symposium on Adaptive Processes","volume":"17 8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125992922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper discusses the control of nonlinear stochastic systems and, in particular, linear systems with unknown parameters. The stochastic nature of the problem leads to the probing and caution properties of the control. Explicit expressions of the probing and caution terms in a stochastic control problem are presented. These terms are obtained by a closed-loop approximation of the stochastic dynamic programming equation. An approximate value of information can be evaluated and the benefit to be derived from probing (experimentation)can be traded off against its cost. The interplay between caution and probing is discussed.
{"title":"Value of information in the control of stochastic systems","authors":"Y. Bar-Shalom, E. Tse","doi":"10.1109/CDC.1975.270742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CDC.1975.270742","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the control of nonlinear stochastic systems and, in particular, linear systems with unknown parameters. The stochastic nature of the problem leads to the probing and caution properties of the control. Explicit expressions of the probing and caution terms in a stochastic control problem are presented. These terms are obtained by a closed-loop approximation of the stochastic dynamic programming equation. An approximate value of information can be evaluated and the benefit to be derived from probing (experimentation)can be traded off against its cost. The interplay between caution and probing is discussed.","PeriodicalId":164707,"journal":{"name":"1975 IEEE Conference on Decision and Control including the 14th Symposium on Adaptive Processes","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125168659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents a new procedure for determining, from the state equations, the factored matrix form of the transfer matrix of a linear time-invariant system given in state variable form. The procedure is conceptually straightforward and demonstrates a connection between the desired representation and the representation of a lower order imbedded subsystem. Applying the basic procedure recursively leads to a computational algorithm for determining the desired representation. The algorithm differs from those presented previously in that explicit computation of a controllabillty or observability matrix is not required.
{"title":"A computational procedure for obtaining a polynomial representation from state equations","authors":"F. Brasch, J. V. Van Ness","doi":"10.1109/CDC.1975.270575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CDC.1975.270575","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new procedure for determining, from the state equations, the factored matrix form of the transfer matrix of a linear time-invariant system given in state variable form. The procedure is conceptually straightforward and demonstrates a connection between the desired representation and the representation of a lower order imbedded subsystem. Applying the basic procedure recursively leads to a computational algorithm for determining the desired representation. The algorithm differs from those presented previously in that explicit computation of a controllabillty or observability matrix is not required.","PeriodicalId":164707,"journal":{"name":"1975 IEEE Conference on Decision and Control including the 14th Symposium on Adaptive Processes","volume":"749 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116122901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Digital enhancement of satellite data from NASA's Land Satellite (LANDSAT) is providing new information useful to a variety of natural resources investigations, including mineral and hydrocarbon exploration. Experience has revealed that digital processing of the satellite's computer compatible tapes is the only feasible and efficient method for extracting the maximum amount of valuable geological information contained in them. This study provided an opportunity to critically evaluate the application of enhanced data in extracting additional geological information from test sites in Central Colorado and northwestern Canada, which are areas of significant metallic mineralization and hydrocarbon potential, respectively.
{"title":"An evaluation of digitally enhanced LANDSAT data as applied to mineral and hydrocarbon exploration","authors":"Alan Smith, R. Baker","doi":"10.1109/CDC.1975.270628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CDC.1975.270628","url":null,"abstract":"Digital enhancement of satellite data from NASA's Land Satellite (LANDSAT) is providing new information useful to a variety of natural resources investigations, including mineral and hydrocarbon exploration. Experience has revealed that digital processing of the satellite's computer compatible tapes is the only feasible and efficient method for extracting the maximum amount of valuable geological information contained in them. This study provided an opportunity to critically evaluate the application of enhanced data in extracting additional geological information from test sites in Central Colorado and northwestern Canada, which are areas of significant metallic mineralization and hydrocarbon potential, respectively.","PeriodicalId":164707,"journal":{"name":"1975 IEEE Conference on Decision and Control including the 14th Symposium on Adaptive Processes","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127171470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This is an elementary survey of recent work analyzing the stability of interconnected systems. The points of view used to organize the survey are: computational complexity, methods of analysis, the implication of the analysis for model simplication, and applicability to power systems. A fairly comprehensive bibliography is appended. Some suggestions for research are given.
{"title":"Stability of interconnected systems","authors":"M. Athans, N. Sandell, P. Varaiya","doi":"10.1109/CDC.1975.270734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CDC.1975.270734","url":null,"abstract":"This is an elementary survey of recent work analyzing the stability of interconnected systems. The points of view used to organize the survey are: computational complexity, methods of analysis, the implication of the analysis for model simplication, and applicability to power systems. A fairly comprehensive bibliography is appended. Some suggestions for research are given.","PeriodicalId":164707,"journal":{"name":"1975 IEEE Conference on Decision and Control including the 14th Symposium on Adaptive Processes","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133437901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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