S. Usuda, M. Magara, F. Esaka, K. Yasuda, Y. Saito-Kokubu, Chi-Gyu Lee, Y. Miyamoto, D. Suzuki, J. Inagawa, S. Sakurai, Fujio Murata
{"title":"QA/QC Activities and Estimation of Uncertainty for Ultra-trace Analysis of Uranium and Plutonium in Safeguards Environmental Samples","authors":"S. Usuda, M. Magara, F. Esaka, K. Yasuda, Y. Saito-Kokubu, Chi-Gyu Lee, Y. Miyamoto, D. Suzuki, J. Inagawa, S. Sakurai, Fujio Murata","doi":"10.14494/JNRS.11.A5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14494/JNRS.11.A5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16569,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nuclear and radiochemical sciences","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80858148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Nomura, S. Iio, Y. Hirose, Z. Németh, K. Yamamoto, H. Reuther
{"title":"Characterization of 57Fe Implanted and Annealed SnO2 (3 % Sb) Films by Depth Selective Conversion Electron M^|^ouml;ssbauer Spectroscopy (DCEMS)","authors":"K. Nomura, S. Iio, Y. Hirose, Z. Németh, K. Yamamoto, H. Reuther","doi":"10.14494/JNRS.11.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14494/JNRS.11.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16569,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nuclear and radiochemical sciences","volume":"86 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73362957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Role of Emission Mössbauer Spectroscopy in the Study of Sophisticated Materials","authors":"A. Nath","doi":"10.14494/JNRS.11.A1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14494/JNRS.11.A1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16569,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nuclear and radiochemical sciences","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83357128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A range of observables for fission events resulting from irradiation of complex nuclei with beams of charged pi (π) mesons (pions) has been obtained over the last half century, including a campaign of systematic studies using the intense beams from ‘meson factories’ and an efficient detection technique. This effort is now complete. The data arise from a variety of techniques and experimental groups, each with specific features. This review will bring together these data, with comparisons to seek consistency among the data, connections to the special field of pion-nucleus reactions, and comparisons to fission induced by photons and antiprotons. 1.1. Definitions of fission. The collision of an energetic beam particle with a complex nucleus may lead to heavy fragments by several processes. Spallation, with several lighter fragments, may produce a single heavy residue, or an energetic multifragmention reaction may shatter the target nucleus into several massive fragments. Both of these processes need to be distinguished from true fission, in which two (rarely three) fragments of not-too-different mass are formed from the same scission, with a Coulomb repulsion as the main source of their kinetic energy. 1 Some of the experimental methods sense only one of a presumed pair of fragments. Since methods have different sensitivities to fragment properties, intercomparisons of results must be done with care. In this work ‘fission’ is defined to be the detection of one or two fragments, each with near half the target mass, and with energies as appropriate to the Coulomb repulsion of fission. Representative data demonstrating this selection process will be found in Section 3. 1.2. Pion-nucleus reactions. Pi mesons are fields, and may be absorbed into complex nuclei, making available their kinetic plus rest mass (140 MeV) energies and their charge (plus or minus for beams), with little angular momentum due to the low beam mass. Pions must be absorbed onto two or more nucleons in their initial interaction (in order to conserve both energy and momentum), and these absorption cross sections can be a large fraction of the total reaction cross sections on heavy nuclei. 2 Stopped π - may also be captured into a heavy nucleus from atomic orbits, with only the pion rest mass as the energy available for reactions leading to fission. A very complete comparison of theory and data (not including fission) for nuclear reactions following the capture of negative pions (π - ) is found in Reference 3. Since energetic pions interact with free nucleons by a series of important resonances, the energy dependence of the total reaction cross section (σR), of which absorption and fission will be a part, is a starting point for this review. Figure 1 shows reaction cross section data for pion beams of both signs on lead or bismuth up to kinetic energies of 2500 MeV. For comparison, the free negative pion-nucleon total cross sections, summed for the nucleons in lead, are also shown to e
{"title":"Nuclear Fission Induced by Pi Mesons","authors":"R. Peterson","doi":"10.14494/JNRS.11.R1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14494/JNRS.11.R1","url":null,"abstract":"A range of observables for fission events resulting from irradiation of complex nuclei with beams of charged pi (π) mesons (pions) has been obtained over the last half century, including a campaign of systematic studies using the intense beams from ‘meson factories’ and an efficient detection technique. This effort is now complete. The data arise from a variety of techniques and experimental groups, each with specific features. This review will bring together these data, with comparisons to seek consistency among the data, connections to the special field of pion-nucleus reactions, and comparisons to fission induced by photons and antiprotons. 1.1. Definitions of fission. The collision of an energetic beam particle with a complex nucleus may lead to heavy fragments by several processes. Spallation, with several lighter fragments, may produce a single heavy residue, or an energetic multifragmention reaction may shatter the target nucleus into several massive fragments. Both of these processes need to be distinguished from true fission, in which two (rarely three) fragments of not-too-different mass are formed from the same scission, with a Coulomb repulsion as the main source of their kinetic energy. 1 Some of the experimental methods sense only one of a presumed pair of fragments. Since methods have different sensitivities to fragment properties, intercomparisons of results must be done with care. In this work ‘fission’ is defined to be the detection of one or two fragments, each with near half the target mass, and with energies as appropriate to the Coulomb repulsion of fission. Representative data demonstrating this selection process will be found in Section 3. 1.2. Pion-nucleus reactions. Pi mesons are fields, and may be absorbed into complex nuclei, making available their kinetic plus rest mass (140 MeV) energies and their charge (plus or minus for beams), with little angular momentum due to the low beam mass. Pions must be absorbed onto two or more nucleons in their initial interaction (in order to conserve both energy and momentum), and these absorption cross sections can be a large fraction of the total reaction cross sections on heavy nuclei. 2 Stopped π - may also be captured into a heavy nucleus from atomic orbits, with only the pion rest mass as the energy available for reactions leading to fission. A very complete comparison of theory and data (not including fission) for nuclear reactions following the capture of negative pions (π - ) is found in Reference 3. Since energetic pions interact with free nucleons by a series of important resonances, the energy dependence of the total reaction cross section (σR), of which absorption and fission will be a part, is a starting point for this review. Figure 1 shows reaction cross section data for pion beams of both signs on lead or bismuth up to kinetic energies of 2500 MeV. For comparison, the free negative pion-nucleon total cross sections, summed for the nucleons in lead, are also shown to e","PeriodicalId":16569,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nuclear and radiochemical sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87027427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Toyoshima, Y. Kasamatsu, K. Tsukada, M. Asai, Y. Ishii, H. Toume, I. Nishinaka, Tetsuya K. Sato, Y. Nagame, M. Schädel, H. Haba, S. Goto, H. Kudo, K. Akiyama, Y. Oura, K. Ooe, A. Shinohara, K. Sueki, J. Kratz
It is of great interest to study chemical properties of the transactinide elements with atomic numbers (Z) ≥ 104. One of the most important subjects is to establish the position of the elements at the extreme end of the periodic table. To this end we perform studies of chemical properties of these transactinides and compare them with those of their lighter homologues and with the ones expected from extrapolations in the periodic table. So far, chromatographic studies of the transactinides have provided experimental proof of placing rutherfordium (Rf, Z = 104) through hassium (Hs, Z = 108) into groups 4 to 8, respectively. 1-10 Quite recently, copernicium (Cn, Z = 112) has been shown to be a member of group 12. 11 To gain a better understanding, it is even more interesting to study chemical properties of the transactinide elements in greater detail and to compare those with the ones of their lighter homologues. Theoretical calculations predict that the ground state electronic structure of the heaviest elements varies due to strong relativistic effects. Accordingly, chemical properties of these elements may deviate from those expected from linear extrapolations based on lighter homologues. 12-14 Systematically, detailed chemical investigations are, therefore, required to characterize properties of the transactinide elements influenced by relativistic effects.
原子序数(Z)≥104的转锕系元素的化学性质的研究具有重要的意义。最重要的课题之一是确定元素周期表末端元素的位置。为此，我们对这些转锕系元素的化学性质进行了研究，并将它们与它们较轻的同系物以及从元素周期表中推断出来的那些进行了比较。到目前为止，对跨锕系元素的色谱研究已经提供了实验证据，证明将卢瑟福(Rf, Z = 104)和铪(Hs, Z = 108)分别归入第4至第8族。最近，哥白尼(Cn, Z = 112)被证明是第12族的一员。为了获得更好的理解，更详细地研究跨锕系元素的化学性质，并将其与较轻的同系物进行比较，是更有趣的。理论计算预测，由于强相对论效应，最重元素的基态电子结构会发生变化。因此，这些元素的化学性质可能偏离基于较轻同系物的线性外推所期望的。因此，需要系统地、详细地进行化学研究，以表征受相对论效应影响的锕系元素的性质。
{"title":"Extraction Chromatographic Behavior of Rf, Zr, and Hf in HCl Solution with Styrenedivinylbenzene Copolymer Resin Modified by TOPO (trioctylphosphine oxide)","authors":"A. Toyoshima, Y. Kasamatsu, K. Tsukada, M. Asai, Y. Ishii, H. Toume, I. Nishinaka, Tetsuya K. Sato, Y. Nagame, M. Schädel, H. Haba, S. Goto, H. Kudo, K. Akiyama, Y. Oura, K. Ooe, A. Shinohara, K. Sueki, J. Kratz","doi":"10.14494/JNRS.11.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14494/JNRS.11.7","url":null,"abstract":"It is of great interest to study chemical properties of the transactinide elements with atomic numbers (Z) ≥ 104. One of the most important subjects is to establish the position of the elements at the extreme end of the periodic table. To this end we perform studies of chemical properties of these transactinides and compare them with those of their lighter homologues and with the ones expected from extrapolations in the periodic table. So far, chromatographic studies of the transactinides have provided experimental proof of placing rutherfordium (Rf, Z = 104) through hassium (Hs, Z = 108) into groups 4 to 8, respectively. 1-10 Quite recently, copernicium (Cn, Z = 112) has been shown to be a member of group 12. 11 To gain a better understanding, it is even more interesting to study chemical properties of the transactinide elements in greater detail and to compare those with the ones of their lighter homologues. Theoretical calculations predict that the ground state electronic structure of the heaviest elements varies due to strong relativistic effects. Accordingly, chemical properties of these elements may deviate from those expected from linear extrapolations based on lighter homologues. 12-14 Systematically, detailed chemical investigations are, therefore, required to characterize properties of the transactinide elements influenced by relativistic effects.","PeriodicalId":16569,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nuclear and radiochemical sciences","volume":"96 1","pages":"7-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80919787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Radioactivity of 137Cs in Papers and Migration of the Nuclide in the Environment","authors":"A. Kobashi","doi":"10.14494/JNRS.10.2_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14494/JNRS.10.2_1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16569,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nuclear and radiochemical sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91084502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Miyamoto, K. Yasuda, M. Magara, T. Kimura, S. Usuda
Uranium (U), thorium (Th), lead (Pb), and the lanthanides are key elements in geochemistry and cosmochemistry. Abundance ratios and isotopic ratios of these elements in rocks, meteorites, and airborne dust are used for estimating their origin, 1-3 dating of mineral formation, 4 history of mineralization, 58 and age determination of nuclear materials. 9-11
{"title":"Sequential Separation of U, Th, Pb, and Lanthanides with a Single Anion-Exchange Column","authors":"Y. Miyamoto, K. Yasuda, M. Magara, T. Kimura, S. Usuda","doi":"10.14494/JNRS.10.2_7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14494/JNRS.10.2_7","url":null,"abstract":"Uranium (U), thorium (Th), lead (Pb), and the lanthanides are key elements in geochemistry and cosmochemistry. Abundance ratios and isotopic ratios of these elements in rocks, meteorites, and airborne dust are used for estimating their origin, 1-3 dating of mineral formation, 4 history of mineralization, 58 and age determination of nuclear materials. 9-11","PeriodicalId":16569,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nuclear and radiochemical sciences","volume":"48 1","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85425650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Review on the Electrochemical Applications of Room Temperature Ionic Liquids in Nuclear Fuel Cycle","authors":"K. Venkatesan, T. Srinivasan, P. Rao","doi":"10.14494/JNRS.10.1_R1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14494/JNRS.10.1_R1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16569,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nuclear and radiochemical sciences","volume":"45 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86531148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Krishnan, G. Panneerselvam, P. Manikandan, M. Antony, K. Nagarajan
Uranium-gadolinium mixed oxides of four different compositions, (U1-y Gdy) O2±x (y = 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, and 0.8), were synthesized. Single-phase fluorite structure was observed for the compositions (U1-y Gdy) O2±x (y = 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5). The room temperature lattice constants measured for (U0.9 Gd0.1) O2.02, (U0.8 Gd0.2) O2.00, and (U0.5 Gd0.5) O1.98 are 0.5463, 0.5454, and 0.5433 nm, respectively. Heat capacity measurements in the temperature range 298 – 800 K were carried out using a differential scanning calorimetry. Considerable anomalous increases in the heat capacity values were observed for compositions (U1-y Gdy) O2±x with y = 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5. The heat capacity values of (U0.9 Gd0.1) O2.02, (U0.8 Gd0.2) O2.00, and (U0.5 Gd0.5) O1.98 at 298 K are 63.5, 61.1, and 65.7, respectively. Thermal expansion characteristics of (U0.9 Gd0.1) O2.02, (U0.8 Gd0.2) O2.00, and (U0.5 Gd0.5) O1.98 were studied using a high temperature X-ray diffraction in the temperature range 298 – 1973 K.
{"title":"Heat Capacity and Thermal Expansion of Uranium-Gadolinium Mixed Oxides","authors":"R. Krishnan, G. Panneerselvam, P. Manikandan, M. Antony, K. Nagarajan","doi":"10.14494/JNRS.10.1_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14494/JNRS.10.1_19","url":null,"abstract":"Uranium-gadolinium mixed oxides of four different compositions, (U1-y Gdy) O2±x (y = 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, and 0.8), were synthesized. Single-phase fluorite structure was observed for the compositions (U1-y Gdy) O2±x (y = 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5). The room temperature lattice constants measured for (U0.9 Gd0.1) O2.02, (U0.8 Gd0.2) O2.00, and (U0.5 Gd0.5) O1.98 are 0.5463, 0.5454, and 0.5433 nm, respectively. Heat capacity measurements in the temperature range 298 – 800 K were carried out using a differential scanning calorimetry. Considerable anomalous increases in the heat capacity values were observed for compositions (U1-y Gdy) O2±x with y = 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5. The heat capacity values of (U0.9 Gd0.1) O2.02, (U0.8 Gd0.2) O2.00, and (U0.5 Gd0.5) O1.98 at 298 K are 63.5, 61.1, and 65.7, respectively. Thermal expansion characteristics of (U0.9 Gd0.1) O2.02, (U0.8 Gd0.2) O2.00, and (U0.5 Gd0.5) O1.98 were studied using a high temperature X-ray diffraction in the temperature range 298 – 1973 K.","PeriodicalId":16569,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nuclear and radiochemical sciences","volume":"3 1","pages":"19-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91328179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Plutonium in the Ocean Environment: Its Distributions and Behavior","authors":"K. Hirose","doi":"10.14494/jnrs.10.1_r7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14494/jnrs.10.1_r7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16569,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nuclear and radiochemical sciences","volume":"31 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89767443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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