D. M. Akhmetov, E. R. Muslimov, D. Y. Kharitonov, N. K. Pavlycheva, I. A. Guskov, A. R. Gilfanov, A. I. Terentyev
Subject of study. Two algorithms for designing an optical scheme based on a composite hologram optical element aimed at optimizing the diffraction efficiency are presented. The first algorithm is based on the successive partitioning of the hologram element, and the second is based on averaging locally the optimized hologram parameters. Aim of study. The aim of this study is to achieve high and uniform diffraction efficiency in the working spectral range using design and modeling techniques to determine the parameters of a composite hologram. This is realized by selecting the optimal configuration of the composite hologram and its parameters in each sub-aperture. Methods. The algorithms are based on the application of the Welford equation for ray tracing through a hologram and Kogelnik theory for simultaneous calculation of diffraction efficiency in several sub-apertures. Main results. As a demonstrative example, the design and analysis of a spectrograph optical scheme operating in the near-infrared region with a high angular dispersion are presented. A diverging beam with a numerical aperture of 0.14 is fed to the input of the spectrograph. The spectrograph operates in the wavelength range from 830 to 870 nm, the center of which corresponds to the emission wavelength of a standard laser source. The optical system comprises a collimator, two volume-phase transmission holographic gratings, a camera lens, and a photodetector. It is shown that the highest gain in diffraction efficiency for a composite hologram comprising three rectangular sub-apertures reaches 5.1 times that of a single hologram grating without parameter optimization, observed at the long-wavelength edge of the spectrum. Practical significance. The proposed algorithms will allow one to determine the optimal number, shape, and location of composite hologram sub-apertures. The obtained results will make it possible to design a spectrograph characterized by an increased and more uniform image brightness over the entire working range.
{"title":"Comparative analysis of design algorithms for optical systems using composite holographic optical elements","authors":"D. M. Akhmetov, E. R. Muslimov, D. Y. Kharitonov, N. K. Pavlycheva, I. A. Guskov, A. R. Gilfanov, A. I. Terentyev","doi":"10.1364/jot.90.000262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/jot.90.000262","url":null,"abstract":"Subject of study. Two algorithms for designing an optical scheme based on a composite hologram optical element aimed at optimizing the diffraction efficiency are presented. The first algorithm is based on the successive partitioning of the hologram element, and the second is based on averaging locally the optimized hologram parameters. Aim of study. The aim of this study is to achieve high and uniform diffraction efficiency in the working spectral range using design and modeling techniques to determine the parameters of a composite hologram. This is realized by selecting the optimal configuration of the composite hologram and its parameters in each sub-aperture. Methods. The algorithms are based on the application of the Welford equation for ray tracing through a hologram and Kogelnik theory for simultaneous calculation of diffraction efficiency in several sub-apertures. Main results. As a demonstrative example, the design and analysis of a spectrograph optical scheme operating in the near-infrared region with a high angular dispersion are presented. A diverging beam with a numerical aperture of 0.14 is fed to the input of the spectrograph. The spectrograph operates in the wavelength range from 830 to 870 nm, the center of which corresponds to the emission wavelength of a standard laser source. The optical system comprises a collimator, two volume-phase transmission holographic gratings, a camera lens, and a photodetector. It is shown that the highest gain in diffraction efficiency for a composite hologram comprising three rectangular sub-apertures reaches 5.1 times that of a single hologram grating without parameter optimization, observed at the long-wavelength edge of the spectrum. Practical significance. The proposed algorithms will allow one to determine the optimal number, shape, and location of composite hologram sub-apertures. The obtained results will make it possible to design a spectrograph characterized by an increased and more uniform image brightness over the entire working range.","PeriodicalId":16597,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135516206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. A. Shkuratova, G. K. Kostyuk, A. A. Petrov, D. S. Stepanyuk, N. A. Nesterov, A. A. Sennov
Subject of study. A method of multiplying Gaussian laser beams into scalar vortex beams using multisector binary phase plates for increased speed and productivity of laser microprocessing is studied. The purpose of the work is to apply the technology of structuring transparent dielectrics by a laser-induced microplasma for fabricating multisector binary phase plates on fused silica. Methodology of the work. Multisector binary phase plates on fused silica structures with 4, 6, and 10 sectors with phase levels of 0 and π for operation at a wavelength of 1.06 µm were fabricated using an experimental setup for implementing the laser-induced microplasma technology. Additional annealing was conducted in a furnace to clean the surface and reduce the roughness of the multisector binary phase plates in the area of laser-induced microplasma action. The fabricated multisector binary phase plates were tested by registering generated intensity distributions in the plane of increased contrast using a photosensitive camera and by ablation of steel samples. We measured the initial laser beam energy and multisector binary phase plate output energy to evaluate the energy conversion efficiency. Main results. The obtained results indicate that the fabricated multisector binary phase plates multiply a Gaussian beam into a series of diffraction-limited spots surrounding the region with zero intensity and the same intensity (standard deviation not larger than 1%), the same spot diameters (standard deviation not larger than 5%), and high energy conversion efficiency (approximately 92%). Practical significance. Such multisector binary phase plates fabricated by a laser-induced microplasma have a real prospect for use in the field of laser microprocessing of materials.
{"title":"Multiplication of a Gaussian beam by a multisector binary phase plate into scalar vortex beams for laser microprocessing","authors":"V. A. Shkuratova, G. K. Kostyuk, A. A. Petrov, D. S. Stepanyuk, N. A. Nesterov, A. A. Sennov","doi":"10.1364/jot.90.000282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/jot.90.000282","url":null,"abstract":"Subject of study. A method of multiplying Gaussian laser beams into scalar vortex beams using multisector binary phase plates for increased speed and productivity of laser microprocessing is studied. The purpose of the work is to apply the technology of structuring transparent dielectrics by a laser-induced microplasma for fabricating multisector binary phase plates on fused silica. Methodology of the work. Multisector binary phase plates on fused silica structures with 4, 6, and 10 sectors with phase levels of 0 and π for operation at a wavelength of 1.06 µm were fabricated using an experimental setup for implementing the laser-induced microplasma technology. Additional annealing was conducted in a furnace to clean the surface and reduce the roughness of the multisector binary phase plates in the area of laser-induced microplasma action. The fabricated multisector binary phase plates were tested by registering generated intensity distributions in the plane of increased contrast using a photosensitive camera and by ablation of steel samples. We measured the initial laser beam energy and multisector binary phase plate output energy to evaluate the energy conversion efficiency. Main results. The obtained results indicate that the fabricated multisector binary phase plates multiply a Gaussian beam into a series of diffraction-limited spots surrounding the region with zero intensity and the same intensity (standard deviation not larger than 1%), the same spot diameters (standard deviation not larger than 5%), and high energy conversion efficiency (approximately 92%). Practical significance. Such multisector binary phase plates fabricated by a laser-induced microplasma have a real prospect for use in the field of laser microprocessing of materials.","PeriodicalId":16597,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135517265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Subject of study. The effect of various deviations of the helical microstructure shape and position associated with manufacturing and alignment errors on the properties of vortex beams formed in the near diffraction zone (at a distance of about a dozen wavelengths) has been studied. Aim of study. The aim is to determine the influence of different types of shape deviations and the spiral microstructure position on the formed vortex beam properties. Method. Numerical simulation was performed using the finite-difference time-domain method with both linear and nonlinear spiral phase plates, allowing the real features of the 3D structure of the element under study to be taken into account with respect to reflection and refraction on a complex surface. The height of the microrelief, the radius of the illuminating beam, and its displacement were varied in a series of numerical experiments. Main results. It was shown that 3D shape deviations from the helical microstructure, for example, nonlinearities of the relief, lead to a distortion of the vortex dependence of the phase and break the annular intensity of the formed beam. However, in this case, the overall stability of the singular beam structure is preserved, which is completely destroyed in the case of misalignment of the illuminating beam and the optical element. A change in the height of the microrelief leads to a change in both the topological charge and the shape of the beam. As for the influence of the aperture radius of the input Gaussian beam, it is possible to scale the formed vortex beams by changing the aperture radius. Misalignment in the optical system leads to the loss of the annular structure of the vortex beam and its invariant properties. Practical significance. The obtained results can be useful in applications involving adjustable optical elements, as well as microstructures formed in photosensitive media. The main reasons for the distortion of the formed beam structure include both technological inaccuracies during etching, such as the height mismatch and changes in the structure of the zones of the diffractive optical element, and alignment errors of the optical system, such as the misalignment of the illuminating beam and the optical element. It should be noted that the characteristics of the 3D optical element structure most noticeably affect the diffraction pattern in the near zone.
{"title":"Influence of 3D helical microstructure shape deviations on the properties of a vortex beam generated in the near diffraction zone","authors":"Pavel A. Khorin, Svetlana N. Khonina","doi":"10.1364/jot.90.000236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/jot.90.000236","url":null,"abstract":"Subject of study. The effect of various deviations of the helical microstructure shape and position associated with manufacturing and alignment errors on the properties of vortex beams formed in the near diffraction zone (at a distance of about a dozen wavelengths) has been studied. Aim of study. The aim is to determine the influence of different types of shape deviations and the spiral microstructure position on the formed vortex beam properties. Method. Numerical simulation was performed using the finite-difference time-domain method with both linear and nonlinear spiral phase plates, allowing the real features of the 3D structure of the element under study to be taken into account with respect to reflection and refraction on a complex surface. The height of the microrelief, the radius of the illuminating beam, and its displacement were varied in a series of numerical experiments. Main results. It was shown that 3D shape deviations from the helical microstructure, for example, nonlinearities of the relief, lead to a distortion of the vortex dependence of the phase and break the annular intensity of the formed beam. However, in this case, the overall stability of the singular beam structure is preserved, which is completely destroyed in the case of misalignment of the illuminating beam and the optical element. A change in the height of the microrelief leads to a change in both the topological charge and the shape of the beam. As for the influence of the aperture radius of the input Gaussian beam, it is possible to scale the formed vortex beams by changing the aperture radius. Misalignment in the optical system leads to the loss of the annular structure of the vortex beam and its invariant properties. Practical significance. The obtained results can be useful in applications involving adjustable optical elements, as well as microstructures formed in photosensitive media. The main reasons for the distortion of the formed beam structure include both technological inaccuracies during etching, such as the height mismatch and changes in the structure of the zones of the diffractive optical element, and alignment errors of the optical system, such as the misalignment of the illuminating beam and the optical element. It should be noted that the characteristics of the 3D optical element structure most noticeably affect the diffraction pattern in the near zone.","PeriodicalId":16597,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135517269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Two-beam interferometry with a definitive phase-shift sign","authors":"A. Agashkov","doi":"10.1364/jot.89.000697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/jot.89.000697","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16597,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43914712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ke Di, Jie Ren, W. Cui, Renpu Li, Yongle Lu, Junqi Guo, Yu Liu, Jiajia Du
{"title":"Quantum properties of a triple-coupled optical cavity with injection of a squeezed vacuum field","authors":"Ke Di, Jie Ren, W. Cui, Renpu Li, Yongle Lu, Junqi Guo, Yu Liu, Jiajia Du","doi":"10.1364/jot.89.000722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/jot.89.000722","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16597,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48959159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Solomonov, A. Spirina, A. S. Makarova, A. I. Lipchak, A. Spirin, V. Lisenkov
{"title":"Current mode of photomultiplier tube operation for the detection of the kinetics of small optical signals","authors":"V. Solomonov, A. Spirina, A. S. Makarova, A. I. Lipchak, A. Spirin, V. Lisenkov","doi":"10.1364/jot.89.000728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/jot.89.000728","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16597,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41385006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Statistical channel modeling of intensity fluctuations in a turbulent underwater wireless optical communication system","authors":"Mandeep Singh, Maninder Lal Singh, Rajandeep Singh","doi":"10.1364/jot.89.000708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/jot.89.000708","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16597,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43997962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Kotlikov, N. Lavrovskaya, T. Tenev, I. Milushev
{"title":"Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) optical films and their applications in the ultraviolet region of the spectrum","authors":"E. Kotlikov, N. Lavrovskaya, T. Tenev, I. Milushev","doi":"10.1364/jot.89.000752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/jot.89.000752","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16597,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46536224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight vehicle-to-vehicle communication using light fidelity","authors":"Nivedita Nair, Sanmukh Kaur, Yatin Singh Sammal, Gaurja Bahl","doi":"10.1364/jot.89.000740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/jot.89.000740","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16597,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41909054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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