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Changing the paradigm: The biggest polluter and threat to your health is your body. 改变思维模式:对你的健康最大的污染源和威胁是你的身体。
IF 1.5 4区 医学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2025.2589127
Edward J Calabrese

This Commentary challenges the longstanding paradigm that the vast majority of cancers and many other serious aging-related diseases are principally due to environmental contamination. In contrast, it is argued that the major cause of aging-related diseases is the massive generation of oxy radicals produced by normal metabolic processes which, over time, initiate and promote the vast spectrum of aging-related diseases. This perspective leads to the conclusion that our bodies pose our biggest public health and medical threats. Failure to identify the major targets of aging-related diseases by environmental and public health agencies has resulted in incorrect priorities, the wasteful misdirection of funding, and the failure to improve the public health.

本评论挑战了长期以来的范式,即绝大多数癌症和许多其他与衰老有关的严重疾病主要是由于环境污染造成的。相反,有人认为衰老相关疾病的主要原因是正常代谢过程中产生的大量氧自由基,随着时间的推移,引发和促进了广泛的衰老相关疾病。这一观点得出的结论是,我们的身体构成了最大的公共健康和医疗威胁。环境和公共卫生机构未能确定老龄相关疾病的主要目标,导致了不正确的优先事项、浪费资金的错误方向以及未能改善公共卫生。
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引用次数: 0
Remediation of novel sources linked to an outbreak of Legionnaires' disease in a manufacturing facility. 修复与制造工厂中军团病爆发有关的新来源。
IF 1.5 4区 医学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2025.2589130
Kevin H Dunn, Jessica L Rinsky, Nancy Burton, Karl Feldmann, Alberto M Acosta, Hani M Mohamed, Lindsay Zielinski, Nakia S Clemmons, Chris Edens, Linda Bell, Jessica C Smith, Troy L Ritter, Melisa Willby, Rebecca Whisenhunt, Victoria Greer, Mitchell A Garber, Abdoulaye Diedhiou

In September 2022, public health officials identified a legionellosis outbreak among workers at a manufacturing facility. Upon recognition of the outbreak, public health officials and company management investigated to identify the source and prevent additional cases. Facility management assembled an inventory of potential water sources and worked with a consultant to conduct sampling. Legionella bacteria were cultured from bulk water samples collected from two water jet cutters and a floor scrubber. All other sampling locations had no Legionella identified by culture. Legionellosis cases were distributed throughout the facility. Floor scrubbers were used to clean up water that spilled from the water jet cutters and to clean the floors adjacent to employee work areas. After multiple cycles of cleaning and disinfection of the water jet cutters and floor scrubbers, repeat sampling revealed no Legionella detected. Company management returned the equipment to service in November 2022 with a maintenance, disinfection, and monitoring plan; no additional cases of legionellosis among employees have been reported. Evidence indicates that water jet cutters provided a conducive environment for Legionella growth, while floor scrubbers may have also contributed to employee exposure. This case study describes a remediation plan and illustrates the importance of identifying all potential Legionella sources and maintaining a comprehensive water management program to protect workers from Legionella and other waterborne pathogens.

2022年9月,公共卫生官员在一家制造工厂的工人中发现了军团菌病爆发。在确认疫情爆发后,公共卫生官员和公司管理层进行了调查,以确定源头并防止出现更多病例。设施管理部门编制了一份潜在水源清单,并与一名顾问合作进行抽样。从两台喷水切割机和一台地板洗涤器收集的大量水样中培养军团菌。所有其他采样地点均未发现军团菌培养。军团病病例分布在整个设施。地板洗涤器被用来清理从喷水切割机溢出的水,并清洁员工工作区域附近的地板。在对喷水切割器和地板洗涤器进行多次清洗和消毒后,重复取样未检测到军团菌。公司管理层于2022年11月将设备恢复使用,并制定了维护、消毒和监测计划;没有其他雇员感染军团菌病的报告。有证据表明,喷水切割机为军团菌的生长提供了有利的环境,而地板洗涤器也可能导致员工接触。本案例研究描述了一项补救计划,并说明了确定所有潜在军团菌来源和维持综合水管理计划的重要性,以保护工人免受军团菌和其他水传播病原体的侵害。
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引用次数: 0
Performance evaluation of middle-layer micrometer and nanometer fibers on quality factor of five-ply commercial respirators and surgical masks. 中间层微米和纳米纤维对五层商用呼吸器和医用口罩质量因子的性能评价。
IF 1.5 4区 医学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-15 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2025.2544750
Baban Kumar, Prashant Patel, Shankar G Aggarwal, Jai S Tawale, Khem Singh, Arpit Malik, Daya Soni, Sandeep Kumar, Girija Moona, Vijay N Ojha, Chuen-Jinn Tsai

In the recent COVID-19 pandemic, N95 Filtering Facepiece Respirators (FFRs), surgical masks, and other protective face coverings played a key role in limiting disease transmission. FFRs and surgical masks were generally composed of three- and five-layered designs with differing middle layer compositions. The middle layer, also known as the filtering layer of a three-layer respirator, is responsible for overall Particle Filtration Efficiency (PFE) and has a reasonable Quality Factor (QF). Despite this, limited studies have explored how middle-layer composition affects the QF of a five-layer respirator. Therefore, in the present study, the performance of three five-layer respirators (N95) and a surgical mask was evaluated for QF. Three five-layer respirators and a surgical mask were tested for PFE and pressure drop at face velocities from 5 to 25 cm sec-1. Subsequently, the respirator and individual layer QFs were determined by the Single Fiber Filtration Efficiency (SFFE) model and layer analysis. The PFE of the tested respirators was distinct due to different filtration mechanisms acting on particles with diameters of 100 and 300 nm. Efficiency due to fiber charging was dominant at 100 nm, whereas interception was dominant at particle diameters of 300 nm. However, variations in pressure drop were drastic at higher face velocities, resulting in significant variations in QF. Solidity and fiber diameter were lower in the middle layers than in the outer and inner layers. The QF calculated for individual and composite layers (referring to layers of nano- and micro-fibers) showed that the middle layer improved QF compared to the combined inner and outer layers. In addition, charged micrometer-sized fibers improved QF for particle sizes < 100 nm due to electrophoretic forces, while the presence of nanofibers improved QF for particle sizes > 100 nm due to the early onset of interception and impaction filtration mechanisms. The most Penetrating Particle Size (MPPS) analysis concluded that experimentally determined MPPS was mainly dependent on the middle layer, which was an indication that MPPS was influenced by fiber diameter and the presence of charged fibers.

在最近的COVID-19大流行中,N95过滤式口罩、外科口罩和其他保护性面罩在限制疾病传播方面发挥了关键作用。ffr和外科口罩一般由三层和五层设计组成,中间层成分不同。中间层,又称三层呼吸器的过滤层,负责整体颗粒物过滤效率(PFE),具有合理的品质因子(QF)。尽管如此,有限的研究探讨了中间层成分如何影响五层呼吸器的QF。因此,在本研究中,评估了三种五层呼吸器(N95)和一种外科口罩的QF性能。测试了三个五层呼吸器和一个外科口罩的PFE和面速从5到25 cm秒1的压降。随后,通过单纤维过滤效率(SFFE)模型和分层分析确定呼吸器和各层qf。由于不同的过滤机制作用于直径为100 nm和300 nm的颗粒,测试口罩的PFE不同。在粒径为100 nm时,光纤充电效率占主导地位,而在粒径为300 nm时,光纤拦截效率占主导地位。然而,在较高的面速度下,压降的变化非常剧烈,导致QF的显著变化。中间层的固体度和纤维直径低于外层和内层。计算单个层和复合层(指纳米和微纤维层)的QF表明,中间层比内层和外层复合层改善了QF。此外,带电微米级纤维由于电泳力改善了粒径< 100 nm的QF,而纳米纤维的存在由于拦截和撞击过滤机制的早期开始而改善了粒径为100 nm的QF。最穿透性粒径(MPPS)分析表明,实验确定的MPPS主要取决于中间层,这表明MPPS受纤维直径和带电纤维存在的影响。
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引用次数: 0
A pilot study on the impact of wearing powered air-purifying respirators on speech intelligibility. 佩戴动力空气净化呼吸器对语音清晰度影响的初步研究。
IF 1.5 4区 医学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-08 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2025.2549011
Ikenna Orji, Elizabeth L Beam, Kelli R Kopocis, Terry L Stentz, John J Lowe

Powered air-purifying respirators (PAPR) have become an increasingly utilized form of respiratory protection against highly infectious aerosols. In the United States, PAPRs have been used in high-level clinical isolation settings to care for patients infected with viral hemorrhagic fevers and, more recently, during the COVID-19 pandemic. PAPRs have long been used for biocontainment care and experienced increased use during the pandemic because they provide full-face visibility and eye and respiratory protection. Despite their extended use, limited studies have explored the operational usability and limitations of these devices, especially during patient care and communication. For this pilot study, the speech intelligibility of two commonly used PAPR brands was examined in a clinical setting using some requirements from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) standard testing procedure (NIOSH TEB-CBRN-APR-STP-0313 Determination of Communication Performance Test For Speech) for determining communication performance for speech conveyance in PAPRs. A total of 19 study participants were split into 17 speakers and two listeners. Speakers were assigned to test groups. Each speaker was provided with a word list, while listeners were provided with a response list. A modified rhyme test (MRT) was conducted to determine the communication performance rating of each PAPR brand. The 3M PAPR had a higher performance rating than MAXAIR across all test groups, despite having a 5 dBA higher internal noise. The difference in the mean performance rating of 3M (75) was significantly higher than that of MAXAIR (59) (95% CI: -23.66-9.09). Overall, the 3M PAPR was strongly preferred among study participants in terms of comfort, fit, and noise level. Interventions such as incorporating communication devices are of interest for future study, and an assessment of additional limitations is needed to optimize PAPR use in clinical care activities.

动力空气净化呼吸器(PAPR)已成为一种越来越多地使用的呼吸保护形式,以防止高传染性气溶胶。在美国,papr已被用于高水平的临床隔离环境,以治疗感染病毒性出血热的患者,最近在COVID-19大流行期间也被使用。长期以来,papr一直用于生物防护护理,并且在大流行期间使用量增加,因为它们提供全脸能见度以及眼睛和呼吸保护。尽管它们被广泛使用,但有限的研究已经探索了这些设备的操作可用性和局限性,特别是在患者护理和交流中。在这项初步研究中,使用国家职业安全与健康研究所(NIOSH)标准测试程序(NIOSH TEB-CBRN-APR-STP-0313确定语音通信性能测试)的一些要求,在临床环境中检查了两种常用PAPR品牌的语音可理解性,以确定PAPR中语音传输的通信性能。共有19名研究参与者被分成17名说者和2名听者。演讲者被分配到测试组。每位演讲者都有一个单词表,而听众则有一个回答表。采用改进的韵脚检验(MRT)来确定每个PAPR品牌的传播性能评级。在所有测试组中,3M PAPR的性能评级都高于MAXAIR,尽管其内部噪声高出5 dBA。3M(75)的平均性能评分差异显著高于MAXAIR (59) (95% CI: -23.66-9.09)。总体而言,3M PAPR在舒适度、契合度和噪音水平方面受到研究参与者的强烈青睐。诸如结合通信设备等干预措施是未来研究的兴趣所在,需要评估额外的局限性,以优化临床护理活动中PAPR的使用。
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引用次数: 0
Mapping review of musician well-being literature. 音乐家幸福文献的地图回顾。
IF 1.5 4区 医学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-11 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2025.2544749
Yoko E Fukumura, Aviva Wolff, Melanie T Kijel, Evonne Lin, Shawn C Roll

While musician health literature has grown significantly in the past three decades, a holistic understanding of musician well-being remains lacking. This mapping review aimed to create a topographical review of existing literature on musician well-being to identify key knowledge gaps. This review sought to identify the aspects of musician well-being that have recently been studied, the musician populations that have been studied, and the study designs that have been used to assess musician well-being. This mapping review design was informed by the Focused Mapping Review and Synthesis (FMRS) approach. Studies were categorized and visualized based on study design, type of musician sampled (i.e., profession, instrument, musical genre), and well-being determinants, using the Ecology of Musical Performance (EMP) Model as a foundational framework. This review found that the majority of well-being studies identified focused on musculoskeletal health. Additionally, few intervention studies were identified, and all involved samples of music students in intervention studies were in K-12 or higher education programs. While the EMP model proposes a holistic approach to understanding musician well-being, many crucial well-being determinants highlighted by the model have not been recently studied within the musician health research. Addressing these gaps will provide a more comprehensive foundation for improving the health and well-being of all musicians.

虽然音乐家健康文献在过去的三十年中有了显著的增长,但对音乐家健康的整体理解仍然缺乏。这个地图审查的目的是创建一个地形审查现有的文献对音乐家的福祉,以确定关键的知识差距。这篇综述试图确定最近被研究的音乐家幸福的各个方面,被研究的音乐家群体,以及被用来评估音乐家幸福的研究设计。该制图评审设计采用了聚焦制图评审和综合(FMRS)方法。使用音乐表演生态学(EMP)模型作为基础框架,根据研究设计、音乐家取样类型(即职业、乐器、音乐流派)和幸福感决定因素对研究进行分类和可视化。这篇综述发现,大多数健康研究都集中在肌肉骨骼健康上。此外,很少有干预研究被确定,所有参与干预研究的音乐学生样本都在K-12或更高的教育项目中。虽然EMP模型提出了一种全面的方法来理解音乐家的幸福感,但该模型强调的许多关键的幸福感决定因素最近还没有在音乐家健康研究中得到研究。解决这些差距将为改善所有音乐家的健康和福祉提供更全面的基础。
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引用次数: 0
Correction. 修正。
IF 1.5 4区 医学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2025.2583890
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引用次数: 0
Employee health index based on health checkups and its association with future absent workdays. 基于健康检查的员工健康指数及其与未来缺勤天数的关联。
IF 1.5 4区 医学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-11 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2025.2544744
Felix Forster, Stephan Weiler, Katja Radon, Jessica Gerlich

Employee health is an important factor that influences the productivity and economic success of companies. The goal of health management in companies is to improve employee health by implementing different kinds of interventions, including checkups (voluntary preventive health examinations) that cover a broad set of tests and questions, to give a comprehensive snapshot of the employee's health and uncover priorities for prevention and health promotion. By analyzing health checkup information on a company-wide level, subgroups with increased need for health management interventions may be identified before productivity loss occurs. This study thus analyzed data from a company's health checkup to form an employee health index (EHI) using principal component analysis (PCA) to adequately summarize the data. Additionally, this study investigated whether EHI values were associated with the number of absent workdays on the department level. The study population consisted of employees of a German automotive company. In total, data from 71,054 voluntary health checkups conducted between 2006 and 2016 were analyzed. PCA resulted in five components in three different health aspects (musculoskeletal disorders, mental health, and physiology). Based on these components, departments were categorized as having low, medium, and high needs for health management interventions. Poisson regression was used to analyze differences in absent workdays between departments with low compared to medium or high need for health management interventions. Components describing musculoskeletal disorders and physiology were associated with a change in the rate of absent days per employee. However, results were inconsistent over different time intervals. Therefore, although the presented EHI was to a certain extent associated with future absent workdays, using checkup data to investigate more specific health problems and outcomes related to individual job-related activities or tasks instead of general measures seems to be a more appealing approach.

员工健康是影响公司生产力和经济成功的重要因素。公司健康管理的目标是通过实施各种干预措施来改善员工的健康,包括检查(自愿预防性健康检查),涵盖一系列广泛的测试和问题,全面了解员工的健康状况,并确定预防和促进健康的优先事项。通过分析全公司级别的健康检查信息,可以在生产力损失发生之前识别出对健康管理干预需求增加的子组。因此,本研究利用主成分分析法(PCA)对某公司的健康体检数据进行分析,形成员工健康指数(EHI),以充分总结数据。此外,本研究还调查了EHI值是否与部门层面的缺勤天数相关。研究对象是一家德国汽车公司的员工。总共分析了2006年至2016年期间进行的71,054次自愿健康检查的数据。PCA在三个不同的健康方面(肌肉骨骼疾病、心理健康和生理)产生了五个组成部分。根据这些组成部分,各部门对健康管理干预措施的需求被分为低、中、高三类。使用泊松回归分析低、中、高健康管理干预需求科室缺勤天数的差异。描述肌肉骨骼疾病和生理的成分与每位员工缺勤天数的变化有关。然而,在不同的时间间隔内,结果并不一致。因此,尽管提出的EHI在一定程度上与未来缺勤天数有关,但使用检查数据来调查与个人工作相关活动或任务有关的更具体的健康问题和结果,而不是一般措施,似乎是一种更有吸引力的方法。
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引用次数: 0
Characterization of emissions generated during additive manufacturing of polymer parts by the fused deposition modeling technique. 用熔融沉积建模技术表征聚合物零件增材制造过程中产生的排放。
IF 1.5 4区 医学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-15 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2025.2544739
François-Xavier Keller, Laurence Robert, Jennifer Klingler

Additive manufacturing has developed steadily since it was first introduced in the 1980s, but it is not without occupational risks. The main objectives of this study were to characterize airborne particle and VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds) emissions generated by a 3D additive manufacturing using polymers and to evaluate the effectiveness of local extraction ventilation as a control measure to reduce emissions. A comprehensive measurement methodology involving direct-reading instruments and active tube air sampling was deployed around and inside the machine. Three polymer materials were studied: ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene), ASA (Acrylonitrile Styrene Acrylate), and PETG (PolyEthylene Terephthalate Glycol). The same test part was fully manufactured three times with each material. During manufacturing, particle number concentrations and real-time VOC profiles, particularly focusing on styrene, were measured simultaneously. The extraction ventilation parameters on the Zortrax M300 3D printer were recorded and analyzed to assess how they affected pollutant containment and prevention of operator exposure. The number of particles measured for the various materials and their concentration suggest possible operator exposure to airborne particles. Total VOC concentration values were measured from ABS (432.8 µg/m3), ASA (124.1 µg/m3), and PETG (4.7 µg/m3). Real-time monitoring was done for styrene emissions during the manufacturing cycles for the three different materials tested, coupled with VOCs sampling on adsorbent tubes. Use of a local exhaust ventilation system reduced the airborne concentrations between 95% and 99%. It is therefore recommended that 3D printers be placed under an extraction system.

自20世纪80年代首次引入增材制造以来,它一直在稳步发展,但它并非没有职业风险。本研究的主要目的是表征使用聚合物的3D增材制造产生的空气颗粒和VOC(挥发性有机化合物)排放,并评估局部提取通风作为减少排放的控制措施的有效性。包括直读仪器和主动管空气采样的综合测量方法在机器周围和内部部署。研究了三种高分子材料:ABS(丙烯腈丁二烯苯乙烯)、ASA(丙烯腈苯乙烯丙烯酸酯)和PETG(聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)。同一测试部件用每种材料完全制造三次。在制造过程中,同时测量颗粒数浓度和实时VOC分布,特别是关注苯乙烯。记录并分析了Zortrax M300 3D打印机上的提取通风参数,以评估它们如何影响污染物控制和防止操作人员接触。测量的各种材料的颗粒数量及其浓度表明操作员可能接触到空气中的颗粒。测定了ABS(432.8µg/m3)、ASA(124.1µg/m3)和PETG(4.7µg/m3)的总VOC浓度值。实时监测了三种不同材料在制造周期内的苯乙烯排放情况,并对吸附管进行了VOCs采样。使用局部排气通风系统可将空气中的浓度降低95%至99%。因此,建议将3D打印机放置在提取系统下。
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引用次数: 0
Disinfection effects of slightly acidic hypochlorous electrolyzed water on high-frequency contact surfaces in intensive care units: A prospective study. 微酸性次氯酸电解水对重症监护病房高频接触表面消毒效果的前瞻性研究。
IF 1.5 4区 医学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-15 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2025.2555298
Huihui Gao, Haiwei Li, Qiaoxia Xu, Shuyan Li, Yi Jiang

Appropriate disinfection of high-frequency contact surfaces in intensive care units (ICUs) is vital for controlling and preventing healthcare-associated infections. Two hundred high-frequency contact surfaces in the ICU of Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital-Yuecheng Branch were selected and randomized into the trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA) or slightly acidic hypochlorous electrolyzed water (SAEW) group (100 surfaces per group) for examination from April 8, 2024, to May 10, 2024. TCCA solutions containing 500 mg/L of chlorine and SAEW were used as disinfectants for wiping and disinfecting the surfaces. The bacterial colony count and disinfection pass rate of the two groups at 5 min, 4 hr, and 8 hr after disinfection were compared. No significant differences were found between the TCCA and SAEW groups in 5 min, 4 hr, or 8 hr bacterial colony count. At 5 min, 4 hr, and 8 hr after disinfection, the surface disinfection pass rates of the TCCA group were 97.00%, 76.00%, and 66.00%, respectively, and those of the SAEW group were 96.00%, 73.00%, and 60.00%, respectively. The pass rates did not significantly differ (5 min, p = 1.000; 4 hr, p = 0.626; 8 hr, p = 0.380). The use of SAEW showed comparable results in ICU high-frequency contact surface disinfection to the use of TCCA containing 500 mg/L of chlorine, indicating it is effective for disinfecting high-frequency surfaces in ICUs.

对重症监护病房(icu)的高频接触表面进行适当消毒对于控制和预防卫生保健相关感染至关重要。选取浙江省人民医院岳城分院ICU高频接触面200例,随机分为三氯异氰尿酸组(TCCA)和微酸性次氯酸电解水组(SAEW),每组100个接触面,于2024年4月8日至5月10日进行检查。使用含500 mg/L氯和SAEW的TCCA溶液作为消毒剂擦拭和消毒表面。比较两组消毒后5 min、4 h、8 h菌落计数及消毒合格率。TCCA组和SAEW组在5分钟、4小时和8小时细菌菌落计数上无显著差异。消毒后5 min、4 h、8 h, TCCA组表面消毒合格率分别为97.00%、76.00%、66.00%,SAEW组表面消毒合格率分别为96.00%、73.00%、60.00%。通过率差异无统计学意义(5 min, p = 1.000; 4 hr, p = 0.626; 8 hr, p = 0.380)。使用SAEW对ICU高频接触面消毒效果与使用含氯500 mg/L的TCCA相当,表明其对ICU高频接触面消毒效果较好。
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引用次数: 0
"The Action Level®". “行动级®”。
IF 1.5 4区 医学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2026.2625007
J Thomas Pierce
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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