Pub Date : 2020-12-02DOI: 10.1109/ME49197.2020.9286710
D. Rura, J. Bárta
Active magnetic bearings (AMB) are used in much high-speed application nowadays. Early development usually requires to measure AMB properties outside its application to adjust and optimize control loops and warm-up/lift-down logic. Many laboratories developed their own, more or less complex test-stands. Such as stands are usually expensive and they are not usually applicable for all types of AMB. Magnetic bearings vary in geometry and measuring systems need some adjustments or new parts have to be manufacture to fit the system. There are new technologies that can enhance the stand itself production time and reduce the costs. 3D printed parts and parts widely available in hardware stores support the idea of a low-cost system build. In this paper design requirements for test-stand are discussed alongside the low-cost test stand design proposal employed by AMB.
{"title":"The low-cost design approach to the active magnetic bearing test stand","authors":"D. Rura, J. Bárta","doi":"10.1109/ME49197.2020.9286710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ME49197.2020.9286710","url":null,"abstract":"Active magnetic bearings (AMB) are used in much high-speed application nowadays. Early development usually requires to measure AMB properties outside its application to adjust and optimize control loops and warm-up/lift-down logic. Many laboratories developed their own, more or less complex test-stands. Such as stands are usually expensive and they are not usually applicable for all types of AMB. Magnetic bearings vary in geometry and measuring systems need some adjustments or new parts have to be manufacture to fit the system. There are new technologies that can enhance the stand itself production time and reduce the costs. 3D printed parts and parts widely available in hardware stores support the idea of a low-cost system build. In this paper design requirements for test-stand are discussed alongside the low-cost test stand design proposal employed by AMB.","PeriodicalId":166043,"journal":{"name":"2020 19th International Conference on Mechatronics - Mechatronika (ME)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132563178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-02DOI: 10.1109/ME49197.2020.9286646
A. Stefek, J. Casar, V. Starý
The article deals with the area of modelling and simulation and it is focused on automatically generated flight routes as a part of complex simulation tool for the air defence mission planning. The routes are based on generic plane model, which consists of a controller part (a pilot) and plane dynamic model and it is defined by the system of differential equations with adjustable parameters, for instance values of velocity, acceleration, pitch and yaw angles or determined way-points. The simulation is done in the Jupyter notebook environment, using the Python programming language, where the complete set of all the possible flight routes is generated and evaluated in accordance with further requirements, e.g. analysis of optimal track for the attack.
{"title":"Flight route generator for simulation-supported wargaming","authors":"A. Stefek, J. Casar, V. Starý","doi":"10.1109/ME49197.2020.9286646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ME49197.2020.9286646","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the area of modelling and simulation and it is focused on automatically generated flight routes as a part of complex simulation tool for the air defence mission planning. The routes are based on generic plane model, which consists of a controller part (a pilot) and plane dynamic model and it is defined by the system of differential equations with adjustable parameters, for instance values of velocity, acceleration, pitch and yaw angles or determined way-points. The simulation is done in the Jupyter notebook environment, using the Python programming language, where the complete set of all the possible flight routes is generated and evaluated in accordance with further requirements, e.g. analysis of optimal track for the attack.","PeriodicalId":166043,"journal":{"name":"2020 19th International Conference on Mechatronics - Mechatronika (ME)","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132588660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-02DOI: 10.1109/ME49197.2020.9286461
Ladislav Knebl, J. Bárta, J. Kurfürst, Č. Ondrůšek
The electrical machine’s development focused on the specific industry applications are becoming very attractive in recent years. The goal is to simplify, increase reliability, and reduce the cost of the application drive train that is usually achieved by diminishing the need for a gearbox. A possible electric motors drive train cost optimization could be achieved in two ways – use of cheaper electric motors or reduce either amount or cost of the electric motor accessories. The high-torque ferrite synchronous reluctance machine design is aiming at both of these assumptions. This electric motor is using low-cost ferrite permanent magnets, this could reduce the motor price and since it is developed for the specific application, there is no need for a gearbox.This paper focuses on the design and optimization of high-torque ferrite assisted synchronous reluctance machine. The application of the proposed design is to replace surface permanent magnet low-speed traction motor while reducing the motor cost and achieving the best possible efficiency. The main aim of achieving the best possible efficiency is always done within the specified boundaries. The optimization method chosen by the authors is the design optimization by evolutional algorithm. The multi-objective self organizing migrating algorithm was used for an optimization of the high-torque ferrite assisted synchronous reluctance machine in this publication.
{"title":"High-torque ferrite synchronous reluctance machine design optimization","authors":"Ladislav Knebl, J. Bárta, J. Kurfürst, Č. Ondrůšek","doi":"10.1109/ME49197.2020.9286461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ME49197.2020.9286461","url":null,"abstract":"The electrical machine’s development focused on the specific industry applications are becoming very attractive in recent years. The goal is to simplify, increase reliability, and reduce the cost of the application drive train that is usually achieved by diminishing the need for a gearbox. A possible electric motors drive train cost optimization could be achieved in two ways – use of cheaper electric motors or reduce either amount or cost of the electric motor accessories. The high-torque ferrite synchronous reluctance machine design is aiming at both of these assumptions. This electric motor is using low-cost ferrite permanent magnets, this could reduce the motor price and since it is developed for the specific application, there is no need for a gearbox.This paper focuses on the design and optimization of high-torque ferrite assisted synchronous reluctance machine. The application of the proposed design is to replace surface permanent magnet low-speed traction motor while reducing the motor cost and achieving the best possible efficiency. The main aim of achieving the best possible efficiency is always done within the specified boundaries. The optimization method chosen by the authors is the design optimization by evolutional algorithm. The multi-objective self organizing migrating algorithm was used for an optimization of the high-torque ferrite assisted synchronous reluctance machine in this publication.","PeriodicalId":166043,"journal":{"name":"2020 19th International Conference on Mechatronics - Mechatronika (ME)","volume":"146 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133588924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-02DOI: 10.1109/ME49197.2020.9286634
V. Kindl, J. Laksar, B. Skala, Tristan Schönfelder
The non-harmonic input voltage waveform becomes more frequent with the increasing interest in the multiphase machines; the injecting of higher harmonics is used to the decrease of the saturation of the machine. The non-harmonic flux linkage waveform affects the total iron losses. Presented paper deals with the usage of the modified Steinmetz equation (MSE) used to the calculation of the iron losses. The analytical-numerical tool including the nonlinearity of the magnetic circuit and the dynamic BH curve is presented. Different configurations of input voltage and magnetic material properties are analyzed and the results are compared with the analytical calculation and finite element analysis.
{"title":"Iron Losses Calculation in Non-Harmonic Power Supply","authors":"V. Kindl, J. Laksar, B. Skala, Tristan Schönfelder","doi":"10.1109/ME49197.2020.9286634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ME49197.2020.9286634","url":null,"abstract":"The non-harmonic input voltage waveform becomes more frequent with the increasing interest in the multiphase machines; the injecting of higher harmonics is used to the decrease of the saturation of the machine. The non-harmonic flux linkage waveform affects the total iron losses. Presented paper deals with the usage of the modified Steinmetz equation (MSE) used to the calculation of the iron losses. The analytical-numerical tool including the nonlinearity of the magnetic circuit and the dynamic BH curve is presented. Different configurations of input voltage and magnetic material properties are analyzed and the results are compared with the analytical calculation and finite element analysis.","PeriodicalId":166043,"journal":{"name":"2020 19th International Conference on Mechatronics - Mechatronika (ME)","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115541732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-02DOI: 10.1109/ME49197.2020.9286691
D. Maga, J. Hrad, Jirí Hájek, Alexandre Boulerie
The paper describes the vibration laboratory stand solution, developed and realized by authors. The stand is used to reduce the influence of the environment on the measured system, so only required vibration sources are present (and captured). The stand itself is presented in the paper, as well as its finite element analysis. These are followed by an initial set of measurements, including the description of the used hardware and settings.
{"title":"FE Analysis of a Vibration Measuring Stand for Energy Harvester","authors":"D. Maga, J. Hrad, Jirí Hájek, Alexandre Boulerie","doi":"10.1109/ME49197.2020.9286691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ME49197.2020.9286691","url":null,"abstract":"The paper describes the vibration laboratory stand solution, developed and realized by authors. The stand is used to reduce the influence of the environment on the measured system, so only required vibration sources are present (and captured). The stand itself is presented in the paper, as well as its finite element analysis. These are followed by an initial set of measurements, including the description of the used hardware and settings.","PeriodicalId":166043,"journal":{"name":"2020 19th International Conference on Mechatronics - Mechatronika (ME)","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115113092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-02DOI: 10.1109/ME49197.2020.9286670
S. Čorović, Nina Šutar, D. Miljavec
The main purpose of this paper is to analyze and examine the thermal effects caused by the stator end-winding of an induction machine using the numerical computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling approach. The study was focused on the heat transfer phenomena between the end-winding and the cooling air inside the end-cap region of interest. Based in the CFD simulation results the heat transfer coefficients between the end-windings and the region of the cooling air and between the cooling air region and the end-cap were determined. The obtained results are validated with the results from the literature. The calculated heat transfer coefficients are important parameters for more accurate thermal analysis of induction machines using lumped-parameter thermal network.
{"title":"Modeling of Thermal Effects in Induction Machines due to the Stator End-Windings","authors":"S. Čorović, Nina Šutar, D. Miljavec","doi":"10.1109/ME49197.2020.9286670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ME49197.2020.9286670","url":null,"abstract":"The main purpose of this paper is to analyze and examine the thermal effects caused by the stator end-winding of an induction machine using the numerical computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling approach. The study was focused on the heat transfer phenomena between the end-winding and the cooling air inside the end-cap region of interest. Based in the CFD simulation results the heat transfer coefficients between the end-windings and the region of the cooling air and between the cooling air region and the end-cap were determined. The obtained results are validated with the results from the literature. The calculated heat transfer coefficients are important parameters for more accurate thermal analysis of induction machines using lumped-parameter thermal network.","PeriodicalId":166043,"journal":{"name":"2020 19th International Conference on Mechatronics - Mechatronika (ME)","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121733710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-02DOI: 10.1109/ME49197.2020.9286655
J. Bárta, Ladislav Knebl, Marek Toman, V. Abramenko, I. Petrov, I. Lolová
The efficiency improvement is one of the main research topics in the field of electrical machines nowadays. The three-phase induction machines represent the majority of the machines used in the industry. Due to that, there is a motivation for researches to investigate how to improve induction machines efficiency or how to replace them with other types of machines having higher efficiency level. The benefits of the induction machine are line-start capability, robustness, and price. Line-start capability means that there is no need for extra power electronics. Avoiding of the power electronics in the case when only one certain load point is needed can lead to a price decrease, smaller environmental footprint, and more compact solution. An alternative machine type that can provide potentially higher efficiency compared to the induction machine, especially for small powers is a line-start permanent magnet machine.The topic of this paper is dedicated to the design and analysis of a 1.5 kW four-pole line-start permanent magnet machine for general usage. The designed line-start permanent machine is using the same stator lamination as the standard commercial 1.5 kW totally enclosed fan-cooled induction machine. The results of the design, together with electromagnetic analysis of the line-start permanent magnet machine performance, are illustrated. It is demonstrated that a simple replacement of the induction machine rotor by the line start permanent magnet rotor using the presented approach can facilitate in achieving of the higher efficiency level of the machine.
{"title":"Design and Analysis of 1.5kW, 1500 rpm Line-Start Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine","authors":"J. Bárta, Ladislav Knebl, Marek Toman, V. Abramenko, I. Petrov, I. Lolová","doi":"10.1109/ME49197.2020.9286655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ME49197.2020.9286655","url":null,"abstract":"The efficiency improvement is one of the main research topics in the field of electrical machines nowadays. The three-phase induction machines represent the majority of the machines used in the industry. Due to that, there is a motivation for researches to investigate how to improve induction machines efficiency or how to replace them with other types of machines having higher efficiency level. The benefits of the induction machine are line-start capability, robustness, and price. Line-start capability means that there is no need for extra power electronics. Avoiding of the power electronics in the case when only one certain load point is needed can lead to a price decrease, smaller environmental footprint, and more compact solution. An alternative machine type that can provide potentially higher efficiency compared to the induction machine, especially for small powers is a line-start permanent magnet machine.The topic of this paper is dedicated to the design and analysis of a 1.5 kW four-pole line-start permanent magnet machine for general usage. The designed line-start permanent machine is using the same stator lamination as the standard commercial 1.5 kW totally enclosed fan-cooled induction machine. The results of the design, together with electromagnetic analysis of the line-start permanent magnet machine performance, are illustrated. It is demonstrated that a simple replacement of the induction machine rotor by the line start permanent magnet rotor using the presented approach can facilitate in achieving of the higher efficiency level of the machine.","PeriodicalId":166043,"journal":{"name":"2020 19th International Conference on Mechatronics - Mechatronika (ME)","volume":"113 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122370561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-02DOI: 10.1109/ME49197.2020.9286624
Gabriel Dimech, M. Farrugia
Engine downsizing has been widely used by the automotive industry to lower engine emissions. In conjunction with engine downsizing, turbocharging is typically used to provide equivalent power output to the previous large capacity engines. However, turbocharging is typically criticized due to the inevitable turbo-lag. In this paper, the experimental approach adopted to measure turbo-lag as performed on the University of Malta Hot Gas Test Stand is detailed. The turbo-lag measurement was stemmed from experimental research aimed at utilizing compressed air injection into the compressor housing to impinge on the compressor blades and therefore spool up the turbocharger (i.e. similar to impulse turbine). The focus in this paper is how this Hot Gas Test Stand provided an extremely beneficial method to measure turbo-lag without the complications and interactions of an accompanying internal combustion engine. Furthermore it was found that the turbo-lag measurements can be done on this test stand without firing up the combustion chamber, i.e. using more air flow in lieu of high temperature, was found to be adequate to provide representative turbocharger operation.
{"title":"Turbo-Lag Measurement on a Hot Gas Test Stand","authors":"Gabriel Dimech, M. Farrugia","doi":"10.1109/ME49197.2020.9286624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ME49197.2020.9286624","url":null,"abstract":"Engine downsizing has been widely used by the automotive industry to lower engine emissions. In conjunction with engine downsizing, turbocharging is typically used to provide equivalent power output to the previous large capacity engines. However, turbocharging is typically criticized due to the inevitable turbo-lag. In this paper, the experimental approach adopted to measure turbo-lag as performed on the University of Malta Hot Gas Test Stand is detailed. The turbo-lag measurement was stemmed from experimental research aimed at utilizing compressed air injection into the compressor housing to impinge on the compressor blades and therefore spool up the turbocharger (i.e. similar to impulse turbine). The focus in this paper is how this Hot Gas Test Stand provided an extremely beneficial method to measure turbo-lag without the complications and interactions of an accompanying internal combustion engine. Furthermore it was found that the turbo-lag measurements can be done on this test stand without firing up the combustion chamber, i.e. using more air flow in lieu of high temperature, was found to be adequate to provide representative turbocharger operation.","PeriodicalId":166043,"journal":{"name":"2020 19th International Conference on Mechatronics - Mechatronika (ME)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128868353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-02DOI: 10.1109/ME49197.2020.9286705
J. Dudak, M. Kebísek, G. Gaspar, P. Fabo
This paper describes the usage of neural networks in microcontrollers for deployment in embedded devices. The issue is focused on the design of a suitable neural network, its optimization and deployment in a 32-bit microcontroller with regards to the limiting factors of the chosen microcontroller. The introductory part of the article is a description of the used technology and hardware on which the solution will be implemented. Accelerometer motion recognition was chosen as a practical application. The proposed solution recognizes 6 basic movements, respectively movement in three axes. Tensorflow and Keras frameworks were used to design and implement a neural network. The created neural network model was after optimization implemented in the firmware of the STM32L4x microcontroller. The proposed solution implements automatic motion detection and its subsequent classification. The proposed principle can be applied to a group of sensors connected to the available interfaces of the microcontroller. Application with an accelerometer can be used to detect specific vibrations, application with MEMS microphones can be used to detect specific sound patterns that indicate a possible fault condition of the monitored device in industry.
{"title":"Implementation of machine learning algorithm in embedded devices","authors":"J. Dudak, M. Kebísek, G. Gaspar, P. Fabo","doi":"10.1109/ME49197.2020.9286705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ME49197.2020.9286705","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the usage of neural networks in microcontrollers for deployment in embedded devices. The issue is focused on the design of a suitable neural network, its optimization and deployment in a 32-bit microcontroller with regards to the limiting factors of the chosen microcontroller. The introductory part of the article is a description of the used technology and hardware on which the solution will be implemented. Accelerometer motion recognition was chosen as a practical application. The proposed solution recognizes 6 basic movements, respectively movement in three axes. Tensorflow and Keras frameworks were used to design and implement a neural network. The created neural network model was after optimization implemented in the firmware of the STM32L4x microcontroller. The proposed solution implements automatic motion detection and its subsequent classification. The proposed principle can be applied to a group of sensors connected to the available interfaces of the microcontroller. Application with an accelerometer can be used to detect specific vibrations, application with MEMS microphones can be used to detect specific sound patterns that indicate a possible fault condition of the monitored device in industry.","PeriodicalId":166043,"journal":{"name":"2020 19th International Conference on Mechatronics - Mechatronika (ME)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130544181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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