The increasing amount of mobile traffic leads to a significantly higher energy consumption of mobile networks that is mainly caused by the high number of required base stations. One recent solution for this is based on a two-layered network that uses long-range macro cells to provide a full coverage signaling overlay and short-range small cells for fast data transmissions. These small cells can be switched off when they are not needed and allow network-wide energy optimizations. This paper presents an architecture that extends existing mobile networks to integrate a small cell layer that supports on-demand cell activation. We discuss how additional small cells can be interconnected with existing core components and how they can be controlled by a resource management component. Finally, a Wi-Fi based proof of concept testbed implementation is presented that demonstrates the feasibility of the approach.
{"title":"An Architecture for Energy-aware On-demand Mobile Network Management","authors":"Manuel Peuster, H. Karl","doi":"10.1145/2785971.2785973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2785971.2785973","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing amount of mobile traffic leads to a significantly higher energy consumption of mobile networks that is mainly caused by the high number of required base stations. One recent solution for this is based on a two-layered network that uses long-range macro cells to provide a full coverage signaling overlay and short-range small cells for fast data transmissions. These small cells can be switched off when they are not needed and allow network-wide energy optimizations. This paper presents an architecture that extends existing mobile networks to integrate a small cell layer that supports on-demand cell activation. We discuss how additional small cells can be interconnected with existing core components and how they can be controlled by a resource management component. Finally, a Wi-Fi based proof of concept testbed implementation is presented that demonstrates the feasibility of the approach.","PeriodicalId":166050,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on All Things Cellular: Operations, Applications and Challenges","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130694758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MetaPush is a novel server push framework aiming at reducing web page load time. The key idea is to strategically leverage Server Push, a built-in feature in HTTP/2, to preemptively push web pages' metadata, which can later be leveraged by the client to early-fetch critical resources. We demonstrate MetaPush is particularly suitable for cellular networks, providing negligible bandwidth overhead (around 0.4%), improved page load time (up to 45%), and reduced radio energy utilization (up to 37%) over HSPA+ networks.
{"title":"MetaPush: Cellular-Friendly Server Push For HTTP/2","authors":"B. Han, Shuai Hao, Feng Qian","doi":"10.1145/2785971.2785972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2785971.2785972","url":null,"abstract":"MetaPush is a novel server push framework aiming at reducing web page load time. The key idea is to strategically leverage Server Push, a built-in feature in HTTP/2, to preemptively push web pages' metadata, which can later be leveraged by the client to early-fetch critical resources. We demonstrate MetaPush is particularly suitable for cellular networks, providing negligible bandwidth overhead (around 0.4%), improved page load time (up to 45%), and reduced radio energy utilization (up to 37%) over HSPA+ networks.","PeriodicalId":166050,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on All Things Cellular: Operations, Applications and Challenges","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125282015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We consider the crowdsourcing based mobile cellular network measurement paradigm that is becoming increasingly popular. In particular, we aim to study the impact of user indoor/outdoor environment context at time of measurement. Focusing on signal strength as the measurement metric and using a real large crowdsourced measurement dataset for central London area along with estimated environment state (indoor or outdoor), we show that indoor-outdoor context has a significant impact, suggesting that conflating indoor and outdoor measurements can lead to unreliable results. We validate these observations using a set of diverse and controlled measurements with indoor/outdoor ground truth information. We also discuss some opportunities for future work (e.g., accurate and efficient context detection) relevant to crowdsourced mobile network measurement systems.
{"title":"Impact of Indoor-Outdoor Context on Crowdsourcing based Mobile Coverage Analysis","authors":"M. Marina, Valentin Radu, Konstantinos Balampekos","doi":"10.1145/2785971.2785976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2785971.2785976","url":null,"abstract":"We consider the crowdsourcing based mobile cellular network measurement paradigm that is becoming increasingly popular. In particular, we aim to study the impact of user indoor/outdoor environment context at time of measurement. Focusing on signal strength as the measurement metric and using a real large crowdsourced measurement dataset for central London area along with estimated environment state (indoor or outdoor), we show that indoor-outdoor context has a significant impact, suggesting that conflating indoor and outdoor measurements can lead to unreliable results. We validate these observations using a set of diverse and controlled measurements with indoor/outdoor ground truth information. We also discuss some opportunities for future work (e.g., accurate and efficient context detection) relevant to crowdsourced mobile network measurement systems.","PeriodicalId":166050,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on All Things Cellular: Operations, Applications and Challenges","volume":"129 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127094121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We present MobiScud, an evolutionary mobile network architecture that integrates cloud and SDN technologies into a standard mobile network in backwards compatible fashion. MobiScud enables personalized virtual machines to seamlessly "follow" mobile network users as they move around.
{"title":"MobiScud: A Fast Moving Personal Cloud in the Mobile Network","authors":"Kaiqiang Wang, Minwei Shen, Jung-Yon Cho, Arijit Banerjee, J. Merwe, Kirk Webb","doi":"10.1145/2785971.2785979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2785971.2785979","url":null,"abstract":"We present MobiScud, an evolutionary mobile network architecture that integrates cloud and SDN technologies into a standard mobile network in backwards compatible fashion. MobiScud enables personalized virtual machines to seamlessly \"follow\" mobile network users as they move around.","PeriodicalId":166050,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on All Things Cellular: Operations, Applications and Challenges","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126738124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. P. Naveen, L. Massoulié, E. Baccelli, A. C. Viana, D. Towsley
The potential availability of storage space at cellular and femtocell base-stations (BSs) raises the following question: How should one optimize performance through both load balancing and content replication when requests can be sent to several such BSs? We formally introduce an optimization model to address this question and propose an online algorithm for dynamic caching and request assignment. Crucially our request assignment scheme is based on a server price signal that jointly reflects content and bandwidth availability. We prove that our algorithm is optimal and stable in a limiting regime that is obtained by scaling the arrival rates and content chunking. From an implementation standpoint, guided by the online algorithm we design a light-weight scheme for request assignments that is based on load and cache-miss cost signals; for cache replacements, we propose to use the popular LRU (Least Recently Used) strategy. Through simulations, we exhibit the efficacy of our joint-price based request assignment strategy in comparison to the common practices of assigning requests purely based on either bandwidth availability or content availability.
{"title":"On the Interaction between Content Caching and Request Assignment in Cellular Cache Networks","authors":"K. P. Naveen, L. Massoulié, E. Baccelli, A. C. Viana, D. Towsley","doi":"10.1145/2785971.2785975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2785971.2785975","url":null,"abstract":"The potential availability of storage space at cellular and femtocell base-stations (BSs) raises the following question: How should one optimize performance through both load balancing and content replication when requests can be sent to several such BSs? We formally introduce an optimization model to address this question and propose an online algorithm for dynamic caching and request assignment. Crucially our request assignment scheme is based on a server price signal that jointly reflects content and bandwidth availability. We prove that our algorithm is optimal and stable in a limiting regime that is obtained by scaling the arrival rates and content chunking. From an implementation standpoint, guided by the online algorithm we design a light-weight scheme for request assignments that is based on load and cache-miss cost signals; for cache replacements, we propose to use the popular LRU (Least Recently Used) strategy. Through simulations, we exhibit the efficacy of our joint-price based request assignment strategy in comparison to the common practices of assigning requests purely based on either bandwidth availability or content availability.","PeriodicalId":166050,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on All Things Cellular: Operations, Applications and Challenges","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127307436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
On behalf of the organizing committee, we welcome you to the Fifth Workshop on All Things Cellular! We are living in an increasingly connected mobile world, where smartphones and tablets are prevalent, the use of wearable devices is growing, and the "Internet of Things" is permeating our lives. An important part of this ecosystem is the underlying connectivity provided by cellular networks. While innovations in mobile services and applications have thrived, innovations in the underlying cellular systems are more limited. Specifically, research in mobile cellular networks has been hampered by the fact that academic researchers typically do not have access to radios, mobile protocol stacks, management tools, and realistic cellular network traces. The goal of this workshop is to bring together network operators, as well as researchers from both industry and academia, to discuss emerging problems, challenges, and potential solutions in this domain. We solicited papers on these topics to kick-start discussions at the workshop. We received 16 submissions, each of which received at least three reviews from our 19 expert reviewers. With their hard work and careful evaluation, we accepted 8 exciting papers to be presented at the workshop. The workshop program is designed to be interactive, with short talks followed by mini panel discussions with all paper presenters at the end of each session. Additionally, we are grateful to have Goran Rune from Ericsson to give a keynote address discussing challenges and opportunities in 5G cellular networks. Finally, we thank the SIGCOMM organization for hosting this workshop. We hope you enjoy the workshop, and look forward to an interesting and productive day!
{"title":"Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on All Things Cellular: Operations, Applications and Challenges","authors":"D. Choffnes, K. V. Merwe","doi":"10.1145/2785971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2785971","url":null,"abstract":"On behalf of the organizing committee, we welcome you to the Fifth Workshop on All Things Cellular! We are living in an increasingly connected mobile world, where smartphones and tablets are prevalent, the use of wearable devices is growing, and the \"Internet of Things\" is permeating our lives. An important part of this ecosystem is the underlying connectivity provided by cellular networks. While innovations in mobile services and applications have thrived, innovations in the underlying cellular systems are more limited. Specifically, research in mobile cellular networks has been hampered by the fact that academic researchers typically do not have access to radios, mobile protocol stacks, management tools, and realistic cellular network traces. The goal of this workshop is to bring together network operators, as well as researchers from both industry and academia, to discuss emerging problems, challenges, and potential solutions in this domain. \u0000 \u0000We solicited papers on these topics to kick-start discussions at the workshop. We received 16 submissions, each of which received at least three reviews from our 19 expert reviewers. With their hard work and careful evaluation, we accepted 8 exciting papers to be presented at the workshop. \u0000 \u0000The workshop program is designed to be interactive, with short talks followed by mini panel discussions with all paper presenters at the end of each session. Additionally, we are grateful to have Goran Rune from Ericsson to give a keynote address discussing challenges and opportunities in 5G cellular networks. Finally, we thank the SIGCOMM organization for hosting this workshop. We hope you enjoy the workshop, and look forward to an interesting and productive day!","PeriodicalId":166050,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on All Things Cellular: Operations, Applications and Challenges","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134110814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Natalie Larson, Dziugas Baltrunas, A. Kvalbein, A. Dhamdhere, K. Claffy, A. Elmokashfi
Systematic monitoring of performance characteristics of mobile broadband networks can help users, operators, and regulators understand this increasingly critical infrastructure. We report the results of a measurement study of round trip delays in two mobile networks in Norway using over 200 geographically distributed subscriptions for a period of one month. In general, we find high variation in delay within the same radio access type and RRC state. Across both networks we study, we observe connections with round trip delays of several seconds, often multiple times per hour, that are more frequent when nodes are moving. Correlating these extreme delay events with available metadata, we find they are related to handovers, radio state transitions, and retransmissions at the link and physical layers.
{"title":"Investigating Excessive Delays in Mobile Broadband Networks","authors":"Natalie Larson, Dziugas Baltrunas, A. Kvalbein, A. Dhamdhere, K. Claffy, A. Elmokashfi","doi":"10.1145/2785971.2785980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2785971.2785980","url":null,"abstract":"Systematic monitoring of performance characteristics of mobile broadband networks can help users, operators, and regulators understand this increasingly critical infrastructure. We report the results of a measurement study of round trip delays in two mobile networks in Norway using over 200 geographically distributed subscriptions for a period of one month. In general, we find high variation in delay within the same radio access type and RRC state. Across both networks we study, we observe connections with round trip delays of several seconds, often multiple times per hour, that are more frequent when nodes are moving. Correlating these extreme delay events with available metadata, we find they are related to handovers, radio state transitions, and retransmissions at the link and physical layers.","PeriodicalId":166050,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on All Things Cellular: Operations, Applications and Challenges","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115250575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhenxian Hu, Yi-Chao Chen, L. Qiu, Guangtao Xue, Hongzi Zhu, Ni Zhang, Cheng He, Lujia Pan, Caifeng He
As the popularity of cellular network grows explosively, it is increasingly important to develop an in-depth understanding of characteristics of cellular traffic and performance. In this paper, we analyze cellular network traces of different generations from three major cities in China during 2010 and 2013 and a city in Southeast Asian country in 2013. We analyze (i) cellular traffic, (ii) throughput, round-trip time (RTT), and loss rate, and (iii) how they are affected by cellular modes, time, and geographic locations. We find the TCP performance in our traces is much worse than those reported in previous 3G measurement studies from North America and Europe likely due to more expensive cellular data plan and more limited cellular resources. We further use machine learning to diagnose reasons behind high RTT and losses, and identify major factors that limit TCP throughput. Our analysis shed light on important characteristics of cellular traffic and performance in large-scale cellular networks.
{"title":"An In-depth Analysis of 3G Traffic and Performance","authors":"Zhenxian Hu, Yi-Chao Chen, L. Qiu, Guangtao Xue, Hongzi Zhu, Ni Zhang, Cheng He, Lujia Pan, Caifeng He","doi":"10.1145/2785971.2785981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2785971.2785981","url":null,"abstract":"As the popularity of cellular network grows explosively, it is increasingly important to develop an in-depth understanding of characteristics of cellular traffic and performance. In this paper, we analyze cellular network traces of different generations from three major cities in China during 2010 and 2013 and a city in Southeast Asian country in 2013. We analyze (i) cellular traffic, (ii) throughput, round-trip time (RTT), and loss rate, and (iii) how they are affected by cellular modes, time, and geographic locations. We find the TCP performance in our traces is much worse than those reported in previous 3G measurement studies from North America and Europe likely due to more expensive cellular data plan and more limited cellular resources. We further use machine learning to diagnose reasons behind high RTT and losses, and identify major factors that limit TCP throughput. Our analysis shed light on important characteristics of cellular traffic and performance in large-scale cellular networks.","PeriodicalId":166050,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on All Things Cellular: Operations, Applications and Challenges","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131600651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Casas, R. Schatz, Florian Wamser, Michael Seufert, R. Irmer
A quarter of the world population will be using smartphones to access the Internet in the near future. In this context, understanding the Quality of Experience (QoE) of popular services in such devices becomes paramount for cellular network operators, who need to offer high quality levels to reduce the risks of customers churning for quality dissatisfaction. In this paper we study the problem of QoE provisioning in smartphones, presenting the results obtained from subjective lab tests performed for five popular apps: YouTube, Facebook, Web browsing through Chrome, Google Maps, and WhatsApp. The analysis addresses the impact of the access downlink bandwidth on the QoE of these apps when accessed through smartphones. The results presented in this paper provide a sound basis for better understanding the QoE requirements of popular services and mobile apps, as well as for dimensioning the underlying provisioning network. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper providing such a comprehensive analysis of QoE in mobile devices.
{"title":"Exploring QoE in Cellular Networks: How Much Bandwidth do you Need for Popular Smartphone Apps?","authors":"P. Casas, R. Schatz, Florian Wamser, Michael Seufert, R. Irmer","doi":"10.1145/2785971.2785978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2785971.2785978","url":null,"abstract":"A quarter of the world population will be using smartphones to access the Internet in the near future. In this context, understanding the Quality of Experience (QoE) of popular services in such devices becomes paramount for cellular network operators, who need to offer high quality levels to reduce the risks of customers churning for quality dissatisfaction. In this paper we study the problem of QoE provisioning in smartphones, presenting the results obtained from subjective lab tests performed for five popular apps: YouTube, Facebook, Web browsing through Chrome, Google Maps, and WhatsApp. The analysis addresses the impact of the access downlink bandwidth on the QoE of these apps when accessed through smartphones. The results presented in this paper provide a sound basis for better understanding the QoE requirements of popular services and mobile apps, as well as for dimensioning the underlying provisioning network. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper providing such a comprehensive analysis of QoE in mobile devices.","PeriodicalId":166050,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on All Things Cellular: Operations, Applications and Challenges","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132484685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Heikki Lindholm, L. Osmani, H. Flinck, S. Tarkoma, Ashwin Rao
A state space analysis of the variables used by the network functions that serve the mobile core provides insights on the multiple roles portrayed by each network function. These insights can be leveraged to modularize and subsequently refactor the network functions that are expected to serve the fifth generation mobile networks (5G). In this paper, we group the variables according to their usage in each network function, then we identify the producers and consumers of these variable groups during the various events triggered to serve the mobile devices. We leverage on the producers and consumers of state changes to propose a publish-subscribe control plane in which the producers and consumers of state changes are the publishers and subscribers respectively.
{"title":"State Space Analysis to Refactor the Mobile Core","authors":"Heikki Lindholm, L. Osmani, H. Flinck, S. Tarkoma, Ashwin Rao","doi":"10.1145/2785971.2785977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2785971.2785977","url":null,"abstract":"A state space analysis of the variables used by the network functions that serve the mobile core provides insights on the multiple roles portrayed by each network function. These insights can be leveraged to modularize and subsequently refactor the network functions that are expected to serve the fifth generation mobile networks (5G). In this paper, we group the variables according to their usage in each network function, then we identify the producers and consumers of these variable groups during the various events triggered to serve the mobile devices. We leverage on the producers and consumers of state changes to propose a publish-subscribe control plane in which the producers and consumers of state changes are the publishers and subscribers respectively.","PeriodicalId":166050,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on All Things Cellular: Operations, Applications and Challenges","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131863800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：