Pub Date : 2020-08-31DOI: 10.34311/jics.2020.03.2.73
A. Pradipta, Katsunori Tanaka
Acrolein holds excellent potential as a critical biomarker in various oxidative stress-related diseases, and direct measurement of acrolein in biological systems is becoming essential to provide information for diagnosis and therapeutic purposes. In this review, we will discuss some available techniques for the detection of acrolein from biological samples. A conventional analytical method for the detection of acrolein by using high-performance liquid chromatography analysis after derivatization with 3-aminophenol is available. However, it is not suitable for high-throughput assay and inconvenient for measurement in clinical practice. On the other hand, we have recently discovered that phenyl azide can rapidly and selectively react with acrolein in a click manner to provide 4-formyl-1,2,3-triazoline through 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. Moreover, we have successfully utilized this acrolein-azide click reaction as a simple and robust method for detecting and visualizing acrolein generated by live cells. Herein, we will describe our reaction-based acrolein sensor and its application to detect and visualize breast cancer tissues. We utilized the azide-acrolein click reaction-based method to discriminate breast cancer lesion from the normal breast gland, which resected from breast cancer patients. This method is the first example of an organic synthetic chemistry-based approach that can be used not only to visualize the cancer tissue but also to distinguish morphology of the resected tissue only within a few minutes. It has a potential clinical application for breast-conserving surgery. Furthermore, the ability to perform chemical reactions with cancer metabolites only at the desired cancer site is highly advantageous for cancer therapy.
{"title":"Methods for Acrolein Detection: Recent Advances and Applications","authors":"A. Pradipta, Katsunori Tanaka","doi":"10.34311/jics.2020.03.2.73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34311/jics.2020.03.2.73","url":null,"abstract":"Acrolein holds excellent potential as a critical biomarker in various oxidative stress-related diseases, and direct measurement of acrolein in biological systems is becoming essential to provide information for diagnosis and therapeutic purposes. In this review, we will discuss some available techniques for the detection of acrolein from biological samples. A conventional analytical method for the detection of acrolein by using high-performance liquid chromatography analysis after derivatization with 3-aminophenol is available. However, it is not suitable for high-throughput assay and inconvenient for measurement in clinical practice. On the other hand, we have recently discovered that phenyl azide can rapidly and selectively react with acrolein in a click manner to provide 4-formyl-1,2,3-triazoline through 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. Moreover, we have successfully utilized this acrolein-azide click reaction as a simple and robust method for detecting and visualizing acrolein generated by live cells. Herein, we will describe our reaction-based acrolein sensor and its application to detect and visualize breast cancer tissues. We utilized the azide-acrolein click reaction-based method to discriminate breast cancer lesion from the normal breast gland, which resected from breast cancer patients. This method is the first example of an organic synthetic chemistry-based approach that can be used not only to visualize the cancer tissue but also to distinguish morphology of the resected tissue only within a few minutes. It has a potential clinical application for breast-conserving surgery. Furthermore, the ability to perform chemical reactions with cancer metabolites only at the desired cancer site is highly advantageous for cancer therapy.","PeriodicalId":166073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indonesian Chemical Society","volume":"254 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115866218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-30DOI: 10.34311/jics.2019.02.2.81
F. Furqani, L. Lim, T. Takeuchi
Silica hybrid monolithic columns were prepared using two precursors, in which organo-functionalized trialkoxysilanes are mixed with tetraalkoxysilanes. In this study, several types of amino-functionalized silica hybrid monolithic columns were prepared via single-step “one-pot” approach, and the amount of silica precursors, porogens, as well as the reaction conditions were optimized. The preparation was carried out by mixing the silica precursors, i.e. tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) or tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) with amino precursors such as aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTES), aminoethylaminopropyl-trimethoxysilane (AEAPTMS), and phenylaminopropyltrimethoxysilane (PAPTMS) in a porogenic solution. The chromatographic performance of these hybrid monolithic columns was optimized by investigating several parameters through the separation of inorganic anions (IO3-, BrO3-, Br-, NO2-, NO3-, I-, SCN-) and some polar compounds (thymine, thymidine, adenosine, adenine, uridine). Results showed that the silica hybrid monolithic columns could be operated at higher flow-rate that favors rapid separation. The run-to-run repeatability of Si-APTES and Si-PAPTMS hybrid monolithic columns were satisfactory with relative standard deviations (n = 5) of less than 8% for all the analyte anions.
{"title":"One-pot Facile Preparation of Amino-functionalized Silica Hybrid Monoliths for Mixed-mode Chromatography","authors":"F. Furqani, L. Lim, T. Takeuchi","doi":"10.34311/jics.2019.02.2.81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34311/jics.2019.02.2.81","url":null,"abstract":"Silica hybrid monolithic columns were prepared using two precursors, in which organo-functionalized trialkoxysilanes are mixed with tetraalkoxysilanes. In this study, several types of amino-functionalized silica hybrid monolithic columns were prepared via single-step “one-pot” approach, and the amount of silica precursors, porogens, as well as the reaction conditions were optimized. The preparation was carried out by mixing the silica precursors, i.e. tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) or tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) with amino precursors such as aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTES), aminoethylaminopropyl-trimethoxysilane (AEAPTMS), and phenylaminopropyltrimethoxysilane (PAPTMS) in a porogenic solution. The chromatographic performance of these hybrid monolithic columns was optimized by investigating several parameters through the separation of inorganic anions (IO3-, BrO3-, Br-, NO2-, NO3-, I-, SCN-) and some polar compounds (thymine, thymidine, adenosine, adenine, uridine). Results showed that the silica hybrid monolithic columns could be operated at higher flow-rate that favors rapid separation. The run-to-run repeatability of Si-APTES and Si-PAPTMS hybrid monolithic columns were satisfactory with relative standard deviations (n = 5) of less than 8% for all the analyte anions.","PeriodicalId":166073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indonesian Chemical Society","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133590395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-30DOI: 10.34311/jics.2019.02.2.106
Julaiha, G. Widodo, R. Herowati
Andrographis paniculata and Strobilanthes crispus are two medicinal plants from Acanthaceae family, known to have antidiabetic activity. This study aimed to investigate the molecular interaction of A. paniculata and S. crispus phytochemical constituents with various macromolecular targets of antidiabetic agent through molecular docking. Nineteen A. paniculata and twenty S. crispus chemical constituents were docked to four macromolecular targets of antidiabetic agent by using AutoDock Vina in PyRx. The results revealed that compounds from A. paniculata that have the best binding affinity protein targets was 19-tripenhyl isoandrographolide to glucokinase (-10.4 kcal/mol), Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) (9.3 kcal/mol) and α-glucosidase (-8.8 kcal/mol), and andrographolactone to Protein Tyrosin Phosphatase1B (PTP1B) (-9.5 kcal/mol). Whereas compounds in the S. crispus derivatives that have the best binding affinity were stigmasterol to glucokinase (-9.9 kcal/mol), rutin to DPP4 (-9.7 kcal/mol), lupeol to α-glucosidase (-8.8 kcal/mol) and luteolin to PTP1B (-8.8 kcal/mol). The differences between the two plants were due to the differences in compounds in each of the plants as well as differences in target proteins. Other than that, profile of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) predictions are very important because they play a critical role in assessing the quality of potential clinical candidates for a new drug. Compounds with best binding energy that showed good ADME properties were andrographolactone, stigmasterol, lupeol and luteolin. Deoxyandrographolide was predicted to have the best ADME properties, however its affinity to target proteins was lower than native ligands.
{"title":"Predicting ADME and Molecular Docking Analysis of Andrographis paniculata and Strobilanthes crispus Chemical Constituents Againts Antidiabetic Molecular Targets","authors":"Julaiha, G. Widodo, R. Herowati","doi":"10.34311/jics.2019.02.2.106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34311/jics.2019.02.2.106","url":null,"abstract":"Andrographis paniculata and Strobilanthes crispus are two medicinal plants from Acanthaceae family, known to have antidiabetic activity. This study aimed to investigate the molecular interaction of A. paniculata and S. crispus phytochemical constituents with various macromolecular targets of antidiabetic agent through molecular docking. Nineteen A. paniculata and twenty S. crispus chemical constituents were docked to four macromolecular targets of antidiabetic agent by using AutoDock Vina in PyRx. The results revealed that compounds from A. paniculata that have the best binding affinity protein targets was 19-tripenhyl isoandrographolide to glucokinase (-10.4 kcal/mol), Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) (9.3 kcal/mol) and α-glucosidase (-8.8 kcal/mol), and andrographolactone to Protein Tyrosin Phosphatase1B (PTP1B) (-9.5 kcal/mol). Whereas compounds in the S. crispus derivatives that have the best binding affinity were stigmasterol to glucokinase (-9.9 kcal/mol), rutin to DPP4 (-9.7 kcal/mol), lupeol to α-glucosidase (-8.8 kcal/mol) and luteolin to PTP1B (-8.8 kcal/mol). The differences between the two plants were due to the differences in compounds in each of the plants as well as differences in target proteins. Other than that, profile of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) predictions are very important because they play a critical role in assessing the quality of potential clinical candidates for a new drug. Compounds with best binding energy that showed good ADME properties were andrographolactone, stigmasterol, lupeol and luteolin. Deoxyandrographolide was predicted to have the best ADME properties, however its affinity to target proteins was lower than native ligands.","PeriodicalId":166073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indonesian Chemical Society","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128488538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-30DOI: 10.34311/jics.2019.02.2.66
Hadi Nur
This manuscript provides a perspective on research work related to the catalysis in the immiscible liquid-liquid system. Three catalytic concepts, i.e., phase-transfer catalysis (PTC), triphase catalysis (TPC), and phase-boundary catalysis (PBC), are presented as well as their use for the design of a better catalytic system. This perspective emphasizes based on the SWO (Strengths, Weaknesses, and Opportunities) analysis of PTC, TPC, and PBC and advances concept uses for future directions of research in this area.
{"title":"A Perspective on Catalysis in the Immiscible Liquid-Liquid System","authors":"Hadi Nur","doi":"10.34311/jics.2019.02.2.66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34311/jics.2019.02.2.66","url":null,"abstract":"This manuscript provides a perspective on research work related to the catalysis in the immiscible liquid-liquid system. Three catalytic concepts, i.e., phase-transfer catalysis (PTC), triphase catalysis (TPC), and phase-boundary catalysis (PBC), are presented as well as their use for the design of a better catalytic system. This perspective emphasizes based on the SWO (Strengths, Weaknesses, and Opportunities) analysis of PTC, TPC, and PBC and advances concept uses for future directions of research in this area.","PeriodicalId":166073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indonesian Chemical Society","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124906089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-31DOI: 10.34311/JICS.2019.02.1.7
Y. S. Kurniawan, A. C. Imawan, S. R. Rao, K. Ohto, W. Iwasaki, M. Miyazaki, Jumina
By miniaturizing the reactor dimension, microfluidic devices are attracting world attention and starting the microfluidic era, especially in the chemistry field because they offer great advantages such as rapid processes, small amount of the required reagents, low risk, ease and accurate control, portable and possibility of online monitoring. Because of that, microfluidic devices have been massively investigated and applied for the real application of human life. This review summarizes the up-to-date microfluidic research works including continuous-flow, droplet-based, open-system, paper-based and digital microfluidic devices. The brief fabrication technique of those microfluidic devices, as well as their potential application for particles separation, solvent extraction, nanoparticle fabrication, qualitative and quantitative analysis, environmental monitoring, drug delivery, biochemical assay and so on, are discussed. Recent perspectives of the microfluidics as a lab-on-chip or micro total analysis system device and organ-on-chip are also introduced.
{"title":"Microfluidics Era in Chemistry Field: A Review","authors":"Y. S. Kurniawan, A. C. Imawan, S. R. Rao, K. Ohto, W. Iwasaki, M. Miyazaki, Jumina","doi":"10.34311/JICS.2019.02.1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34311/JICS.2019.02.1.7","url":null,"abstract":"By miniaturizing the reactor dimension, microfluidic devices are attracting world attention and starting the microfluidic era, especially in the chemistry field because they offer great advantages such as rapid processes, small amount of the required reagents, low risk, ease and accurate control, portable and possibility of online monitoring. Because of that, microfluidic devices have been massively investigated and applied for the real application of human life. This review summarizes the up-to-date microfluidic research works including continuous-flow, droplet-based, open-system, paper-based and digital microfluidic devices. The brief fabrication technique of those microfluidic devices, as well as their potential application for particles separation, solvent extraction, nanoparticle fabrication, qualitative and quantitative analysis, environmental monitoring, drug delivery, biochemical assay and so on, are discussed. Recent perspectives of the microfluidics as a lab-on-chip or micro total analysis system device and organ-on-chip are also introduced.","PeriodicalId":166073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indonesian Chemical Society","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114338889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-31DOI: 10.34311/jics.2019.02.1.60
L. Lim, D. Marikah, T. Takeuchi
Phospholipids are among the many components of algae bio oil, and they harbor the trans-esterification process by poisoning the catalyst, hence the need for they removal prior to this process is crucial. Mesoporous silica materials are feasible and viable candidates for the selective removal of phospholipids by tailoring their surface morphology using different surfactants (templates) for specific and selective adsorption. In this study, the adsorption of phospholipids using lecithin template mesoporous silica microparticles (Leci-MSM) was investigated. Comparative studies using cetyltriammoniumbromide mesoporous microparticles (CTAB-MSM) were also carried out. Both Leci-MSM and CTAB-MSM were synthesized via sol-gel process, packed into mini columns and used for column breakthrough adsorption studies. Scanning electron micrographs revealed a particle size of 5.0 µm for Leci-MSM and 2.95 µm for CTAB-MSM. Textural analysis by BET and BJH exhibited a surface area of 425 and 1210 m2/g for Leci-MSM and CTAB-MSM, respectively. A pore volume of 1.59 and 2.77 cc/g for Leci-MSM and CTAB-MSM, respectively, were also obtained. In addition, Leci-MSM revealed a column breakthrough volume of 28 mL at 41 min, while for the CTAB-MSM was 46 mL at 53 min. The actual adsorption capacity recorded by Leci-MSM was 11.34 mg/g and 8.71 mg/g for CTAB-MSM.
{"title":"Application of Lecithin-templated Mesoporous Silica Microparticles for the Specific and Selective Removal of Phospholipids","authors":"L. Lim, D. Marikah, T. Takeuchi","doi":"10.34311/jics.2019.02.1.60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34311/jics.2019.02.1.60","url":null,"abstract":"Phospholipids are among the many components of algae bio oil, and they harbor the trans-esterification process by poisoning the catalyst, hence the need for they removal prior to this process is crucial. Mesoporous silica materials are feasible and viable candidates for the selective removal of phospholipids by tailoring their surface morphology using different surfactants (templates) for specific and selective adsorption. In this study, the adsorption of phospholipids using lecithin template mesoporous silica microparticles (Leci-MSM) was investigated. Comparative studies using cetyltriammoniumbromide mesoporous microparticles (CTAB-MSM) were also carried out. Both Leci-MSM and CTAB-MSM were synthesized via sol-gel process, packed into mini columns and used for column breakthrough adsorption studies. Scanning electron micrographs revealed a particle size of 5.0 µm for Leci-MSM and 2.95 µm for CTAB-MSM. Textural analysis by BET and BJH exhibited a surface area of 425 and 1210 m2/g for Leci-MSM and CTAB-MSM, respectively. A pore volume of 1.59 and 2.77 cc/g for Leci-MSM and CTAB-MSM, respectively, were also obtained. In addition, Leci-MSM revealed a column breakthrough volume of 28 mL at 41 min, while for the CTAB-MSM was 46 mL at 53 min. The actual adsorption capacity recorded by Leci-MSM was 11.34 mg/g and 8.71 mg/g for CTAB-MSM.","PeriodicalId":166073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indonesian Chemical Society","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125467108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-31DOI: 10.34311/jics.2019.02.1.24
R. A. Wahab, Adikwu Gowon Jacob, Nursyafiqah Elias
Plant biomass is the most abundant natural resources on earth. However, current strategies for the utilization of agricultural biomass is far from efficient, thus environmental issues related to incompetent management of biomass prevail. Innovative handling of surplus biomass can yield several rewards, which includes renewability and sustainability of the commodity as feedstock for industrial and energy purposes. In fact, an array of different parts of a plant or agro-industrial biomass, for instance, shell, husks, wood, and leaves were successfully converted into advanced carbon materials, for use as absorbent, catalyst enzyme support, electrode, etc. In this review, an extensive literature survey related to areas of renewable sources of biopolymer in both the agricultural and industrial sectors were performed. Information on their industrial value and uses, the fundamentals of their extraction alongside the benefits and major drawbacks of their utilization, are also highlighted. We aim to show that the smart utilization of unwanted agro-industrial biomass encompasses a portion of a bigger scheme that intelligently uses biomass to complement current agricultural advancements that create smart crops and growing them using cleverly designed technology. The best part of this “Waste to Wealth” concept is that every part of the crop is fully utilized. However, a set of clear criteria must be in place to ensure a sustained momentum, so that the green approach of responsible biomass utilization will be fully embraced by nations worldwide.
{"title":"On the Renewable Polymers from Agro-industrial Biomass: A Mini Review","authors":"R. A. Wahab, Adikwu Gowon Jacob, Nursyafiqah Elias","doi":"10.34311/jics.2019.02.1.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34311/jics.2019.02.1.24","url":null,"abstract":"Plant biomass is the most abundant natural resources on earth. However, current strategies for the utilization of agricultural biomass is far from efficient, thus environmental issues related to incompetent management of biomass prevail. Innovative handling of surplus biomass can yield several rewards, which includes renewability and sustainability of the commodity as feedstock for industrial and energy purposes. In fact, an array of different parts of a plant or agro-industrial biomass, for instance, shell, husks, wood, and leaves were successfully converted into advanced carbon materials, for use as absorbent, catalyst enzyme support, electrode, etc. In this review, an extensive literature survey related to areas of renewable sources of biopolymer in both the agricultural and industrial sectors were performed. Information on their industrial value and uses, the fundamentals of their extraction alongside the benefits and major drawbacks of their utilization, are also highlighted. We aim to show that the smart utilization of unwanted agro-industrial biomass encompasses a portion of a bigger scheme that intelligently uses biomass to complement current agricultural advancements that create smart crops and growing them using cleverly designed technology. The best part of this “Waste to Wealth” concept is that every part of the crop is fully utilized. However, a set of clear criteria must be in place to ensure a sustained momentum, so that the green approach of responsible biomass utilization will be fully embraced by nations worldwide.","PeriodicalId":166073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indonesian Chemical Society","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124733307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-31DOI: 10.34311/jics.2019.02.1.48
Yanti Kiding Allo, Sudarmono, O. Togibasa
Previous researches have shown that activated carbon could be made from various raw materials which contain lignocellulose. The aims of this research were to synthesis and characterize the activated carbon obtained from lignocellulose contained in sago waste. The synthesis was conducted through multiple stages of dehydration, carbonization, silica extraction with NaOH, activation by ZnCl2 10%, and surface modification using HNO3 65%, successively. From X-ray fluorescence, it was confirmed that treatment with NaOH removed practically all silica content from the sample with only 1 wt% left. The X-ray diffraction patterns showed that the samples have amorphous structures before the modification and started to form exfoliated graphite crystals, as shown by the peaks at 2θ 30.27° and 35.10°. The significant result was obtained from the series of processes of carbonization, extraction, activation, and modification using 1.5 mL of HNO3 (CEA 1.5), which produced nanoporous particles with regular homogeneous shapes in the range of 200 nm in size as shown by scanning electron images. Finally, the infrared spectra from activated and modified samples confirmed that the oxygen-containing groups had increased.
以往的研究表明，活性炭可以由含有木质纤维素的各种原料制成。本研究的目的是合成和表征从西米废料中提取的木质纤维素活性炭。通过脱水、炭化、NaOH萃取二氧化硅、ZnCl2 10%活化、HNO3 65%表面改性等步骤进行合成。从x射线荧光中，证实了NaOH处理几乎除去了样品中所有的二氧化硅含量，只剩下1wt %。x射线衍射图表明，改性前样品具有非晶态结构，在2θ 30.27°和35.10°处开始形成脱落的石墨晶体。通过1.5 mL HNO3 (CEA 1.5)的碳化、萃取、活化、改性等一系列工艺，得到了尺寸在200 nm范围内形状均匀的纳米多孔颗粒，扫描电子图像显示了这一显著结果。最后，对活化后和改性后的样品进行红外光谱分析，证实了含氧基团的增加。
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Activated Carbon from Sago Waste (Metroxylon sagu) with ZnCl2 Activation and HNO3 Modification","authors":"Yanti Kiding Allo, Sudarmono, O. Togibasa","doi":"10.34311/jics.2019.02.1.48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34311/jics.2019.02.1.48","url":null,"abstract":"Previous researches have shown that activated carbon could be made from various raw materials which contain lignocellulose. The aims of this research were to synthesis and characterize the activated carbon obtained from lignocellulose contained in sago waste. The synthesis was conducted through multiple stages of dehydration, carbonization, silica extraction with NaOH, activation by ZnCl2 10%, and surface modification using HNO3 65%, successively. From X-ray fluorescence, it was confirmed that treatment with NaOH removed practically all silica content from the sample with only 1 wt% left. The X-ray diffraction patterns showed that the samples have amorphous structures before the modification and started to form exfoliated graphite crystals, as shown by the peaks at 2θ 30.27° and 35.10°. The significant result was obtained from the series of processes of carbonization, extraction, activation, and modification using 1.5 mL of HNO3 (CEA 1.5), which produced nanoporous particles with regular homogeneous shapes in the range of 200 nm in size as shown by scanning electron images. Finally, the infrared spectra from activated and modified samples confirmed that the oxygen-containing groups had increased.","PeriodicalId":166073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indonesian Chemical Society","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130092196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-31DOI: 10.34311/jics.2019.02.1.42
I. Batubara, D. Yunita, I. Suparto
Zingiberaceae is a family of plant that has been widely used to treat various diseases and as an element of spice in cooking. In this paper, the potential of the extract from the steam distillation residue of Zingiberaceae leaves as antibacterial and biofilm degradation agent was studied and determined against Streptococcus mutans. Five different species of Zingiberaceae, which consisted of Curcuma longa, Curcuma zeodoaria, Curcuma aeruginosa, Zingiber officinale, Zingiber cassumunar were taken for samples and their distillation residues were extracted by soxhlation using 3 different solvents namely n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. The antibacterial and biofilm degradation activity of the assay from each of the samples was determined by the microdilution technique. Among the 15 Zingiberaceae leaves distillation residue extracts, five are categorically active against Streptococcus mutans with their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values being the same with that of chloramphenicol, 15.63 μg/mL. All extracts were found to degrade the biofilm. The methanol extract of C. zeodoaria leaves was found to have the highest antibacterial activity with MIC and MIB vaues of 15.63 ppm and the best to degrade the biofilm with inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50) of 15.33 ppm. The antibacterial and biofilm degradation activities of extracts are not related to the phenolic content and it was suggested that terpenoid such as (-)-zingiberene may have been the active component.
{"title":"Antibacterial and Biofilm Degradation Activity of Extract From Steam Distillation Residue of Zingiberaceae Leaves Against Streptococcus mutans","authors":"I. Batubara, D. Yunita, I. Suparto","doi":"10.34311/jics.2019.02.1.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34311/jics.2019.02.1.42","url":null,"abstract":"Zingiberaceae is a family of plant that has been widely used to treat various diseases and as an element of spice in cooking. In this paper, the potential of the extract from the steam distillation residue of Zingiberaceae leaves as antibacterial and biofilm degradation agent was studied and determined against Streptococcus mutans. Five different species of Zingiberaceae, which consisted of Curcuma longa, Curcuma zeodoaria, Curcuma aeruginosa, Zingiber officinale, Zingiber cassumunar were taken for samples and their distillation residues were extracted by soxhlation using 3 different solvents namely n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. The antibacterial and biofilm degradation activity of the assay from each of the samples was determined by the microdilution technique. Among the 15 Zingiberaceae leaves distillation residue extracts, five are categorically active against Streptococcus mutans with their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values being the same with that of chloramphenicol, 15.63 μg/mL. All extracts were found to degrade the biofilm. The methanol extract of C. zeodoaria leaves was found to have the highest antibacterial activity with MIC and MIB vaues of 15.63 ppm and the best to degrade the biofilm with inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50) of 15.33 ppm. The antibacterial and biofilm degradation activities of extracts are not related to the phenolic content and it was suggested that terpenoid such as (-)-zingiberene may have been the active component.","PeriodicalId":166073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indonesian Chemical Society","volume":"261 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132605189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-31DOI: 10.34311/jics.2019.02.1.1
Eko Adi Prasetyanto
Injectable hydrogels, a class of hydrogel, have received a lot of attention in biomedical applications due to its versatility. It is reported that injectable hydrogel can be applied in various biomedical procedures for example as submucosal fluid cushion, periodontal implant, and cartilage and bone tissue engineering. In addition to its easy delivery (implantation), this class of hydrogel can be tailored to match specific applications. The customization of this hydrogel can be easily executed by changing polymeric backbone of hydrogel, choosing different types of crosslinking or by adding nanoparticles to form hybrid hydrogel systems. Physical properties, compatibility and biodegradability of the resulted materials are important factors for designing injectable hydrogels. In this Recent Research Progress, we highlight the state-of-the-art injectable hydrogels and note the general requirements of an ideal injectable hydrogel for biomedical applications.
{"title":"Recent Advances in Injectable Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications","authors":"Eko Adi Prasetyanto","doi":"10.34311/jics.2019.02.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34311/jics.2019.02.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Injectable hydrogels, a class of hydrogel, have received a lot of attention in biomedical applications due to its versatility. It is reported that injectable hydrogel can be applied in various biomedical procedures for example as submucosal fluid cushion, periodontal implant, and cartilage and bone tissue engineering. In addition to its easy delivery (implantation), this class of hydrogel can be tailored to match specific applications. The customization of this hydrogel can be easily executed by changing polymeric backbone of hydrogel, choosing different types of crosslinking or by adding nanoparticles to form hybrid hydrogel systems. Physical properties, compatibility and biodegradability of the resulted materials are important factors for designing injectable hydrogels. In this Recent Research Progress, we highlight the state-of-the-art injectable hydrogels and note the general requirements of an ideal injectable hydrogel for biomedical applications.","PeriodicalId":166073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indonesian Chemical Society","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122692166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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