Pub Date : 2015-03-01DOI: 10.3923/IJZR.2015.102.106
M. nAi, E. Williams
Hypselobarbus kurali, one of the most demanded fresh water hill stream fish belonging to the family cyprinidae. In the case of brood H. kurali, injuries inflicted to the sudden death of the fish often pose a major problem. When large brood fish are involved, it can lead to incomplete voiding of eggs and mortality in most cases. Anaesthetizing the fish is a practical option for facilitating ease of handling, improved egg yield and breeding response, besides significantly lowering brood mortality rates. In this context, detailed studies were conducted on the use of a commonly employed anaesthetic 2-phenoxyethanol, in the handling and transportation of the fresh water hill stream fish Hypselobarbus kurali. Four levels of anaesthetic were tried viz., 300, 400, 500 and 600 μL LG1. The efficacy of the anaesthetic was assessed by considering four stages of induction (I1, I2, I3 and I4) and three stages of recovery (R1, R2 and R3). In the present study, the lowest induction time (<180 sec) was observed at 500 μL LG1 and therefore, this dose was considered as the lowest effective concentration for anaesthesia in H. kurali. At 500 μL LG1, the time to reach anaesthesia stage (I3) of induction (159±13 sec) and recovery (R3) time (133±16 sec) was significantly different (p<0.05) from the other dosages 400 μL LG1 ( 193±14 sec), 300 μL LG1 ( 216±78 sec) and 600 μL LG1 (190±14 sec).
{"title":"Adequacy Study of 2-Phenoxyethanol on Hypselobarbus kurali as an Anesthetic","authors":"M. nAi, E. Williams","doi":"10.3923/IJZR.2015.102.106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/IJZR.2015.102.106","url":null,"abstract":"Hypselobarbus kurali, one of the most demanded fresh water hill stream fish belonging to the family cyprinidae. In the case of brood H. kurali, injuries inflicted to the sudden death of the fish often pose a major problem. When large brood fish are involved, it can lead to incomplete voiding of eggs and mortality in most cases. Anaesthetizing the fish is a practical option for facilitating ease of handling, improved egg yield and breeding response, besides significantly lowering brood mortality rates. In this context, detailed studies were conducted on the use of a commonly employed anaesthetic 2-phenoxyethanol, in the handling and transportation of the fresh water hill stream fish Hypselobarbus kurali. Four levels of anaesthetic were tried viz., 300, 400, 500 and 600 μL LG1. The efficacy of the anaesthetic was assessed by considering four stages of induction (I1, I2, I3 and I4) and three stages of recovery (R1, R2 and R3). In the present study, the lowest induction time (<180 sec) was observed at 500 μL LG1 and therefore, this dose was considered as the lowest effective concentration for anaesthesia in H. kurali. At 500 μL LG1, the time to reach anaesthesia stage (I3) of induction (159±13 sec) and recovery (R3) time (133±16 sec) was significantly different (p<0.05) from the other dosages 400 μL LG1 ( 193±14 sec), 300 μL LG1 ( 216±78 sec) and 600 μL LG1 (190±14 sec).","PeriodicalId":166162,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Zoological Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114609291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-03-01DOI: 10.3923/IJZR.2015.107.111
E. Priya, S. Ravichandr
{"title":"Anti Cancer Compounds of Calappa calappa L. (1758)","authors":"E. Priya, S. Ravichandr","doi":"10.3923/IJZR.2015.107.111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/IJZR.2015.107.111","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":166162,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Zoological Research","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114495509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-03-01DOI: 10.3923/IJZR.2015.112.115
S. Raj, B. Joseph
Experiment was conducted on fish, Oreochromis mossambicus to study the effect of acetamiprid on tissue biomarker lactate dehydrogenase. Acetamiprid is a neonicotinoid pesticide and it is used by the farmers to protect their crops. This pesticide residue reaches to the aquatic ecosystem by many ways and affects the aquatic fauna. Lethal Concentration (LC 50 ) of acetamiprid for O. mossambicus has been calculated by probit analysis and recorded as 5.99 ppm at 96 h. Chronic exposure shows increased activity of LDH in liver, brain and gill tissues during all the exposure periods when compared with the control. This significant increase in enzyme activity was observed due to toxic effect of acetamiprid. Long term exposure of organisms to pesticides means a continuous health hazard for the fish population and it is on high risk by consuming these toxicated fishes.
{"title":"Impact of Acetamiprid Toxicity on Lactate Dehydrogenase in Some Tissues of the Fish Oreochromis mossambicus","authors":"S. Raj, B. Joseph","doi":"10.3923/IJZR.2015.112.115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/IJZR.2015.112.115","url":null,"abstract":"Experiment was conducted on fish, Oreochromis mossambicus to study the effect of acetamiprid on tissue biomarker lactate dehydrogenase. Acetamiprid is a neonicotinoid pesticide and it is used by the farmers to protect their crops. This pesticide residue reaches to the aquatic ecosystem by many ways and affects the aquatic fauna. Lethal Concentration (LC 50 ) of acetamiprid for O. mossambicus has been calculated by probit analysis and recorded as 5.99 ppm at 96 h. Chronic exposure shows increased activity of LDH in liver, brain and gill tissues during all the exposure periods when compared with the control. This significant increase in enzyme activity was observed due to toxic effect of acetamiprid. Long term exposure of organisms to pesticides means a continuous health hazard for the fish population and it is on high risk by consuming these toxicated fishes.","PeriodicalId":166162,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Zoological Research","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122128516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reptilian epididymis is considered as an important excurrent duct system required for the sperm maturation. Reptilian epididymis synthesizes and secretes proteins which vary in different regions of the epididymis. Hence, to investigate the effect of the secretions of different regions of the epididymis on spermatozoa motility, an in vitro study was undertaken to observe the changes in the patterns of motility of the testicular spermatozoa incubated with luminal contents of different regions of the epididymis in the lizard Eutropis carinata for the first time. The non motile testicular spermatozoa from the testis exhibited different patterns of motility, when incubated with the luminal contents of different regions of the epididymis. The spermatozoa from the testis,different regions of the epididymis exhibited 8 different patterns of motility (a-h). Testicular spermatozoa incubated with the anterior and middle epididymal luminal contents showed the motility patterns almost similar to that of the spermatozoa of the anterior and middle epididymis respectively. In contrast to the spermatozoa of the posterior epididymis, none of the testicular spermatozoa showed any movement when incubated with the posterior epididymal luminal contents. This study throws light on the importance of each region of epididymis in the physiological maturation of spermatozoa.
{"title":"In vitro Study of the Spermatozoa Motility in the Lizard Eutropis carinata","authors":"Divya Dosemane, M. Bhagya","doi":"10.3923/IJZR.2015.89.95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/IJZR.2015.89.95","url":null,"abstract":"Reptilian epididymis is considered as an important excurrent duct system required for the sperm maturation. Reptilian epididymis synthesizes and secretes proteins which vary in different regions of the epididymis. Hence, to investigate the effect of the secretions of different regions of the epididymis on spermatozoa motility, an in vitro study was undertaken to observe the changes in the patterns of motility of the testicular spermatozoa incubated with luminal contents of different regions of the epididymis in the lizard Eutropis carinata for the first time. The non motile testicular spermatozoa from the testis exhibited different patterns of motility, when incubated with the luminal contents of different regions of the epididymis. The spermatozoa from the testis,different regions of the epididymis exhibited 8 different patterns of motility (a-h). Testicular spermatozoa incubated with the anterior and middle epididymal luminal contents showed the \u0000motility patterns almost similar to that of the spermatozoa of the anterior and middle epididymis respectively. In contrast to the spermatozoa of the posterior epididymis, none of the testicular spermatozoa showed any movement when incubated with the posterior epididymal luminal contents. This study throws light on the importance of each region of epididymis in the physiological maturation of spermatozoa.","PeriodicalId":166162,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Zoological Research","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121601204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Life history traits of Panonychus ulmi on mulberry (Morus multicaulis) determined under ambient conditions; the temperature and relative humidity were same as that in natural conditions in three seasons of 2012. Developmental time from egg to adult for female and male varied from 12.66-23.24 and 10.62-18.65 days, respectively. Total and daily egg production was highest during summer (34.00 and 4.68 eggs, respectively) followed by spring (27.33 and 3.60 eggs) and lowest during autumn (17.80 and 1.87 eggs). Panonychus ulmi completed its life span in 19.07 and 21.76 days for male and female, respectively during summer and took more than one and half times during autumn. All parameters were intermediate during spring compared to highest during summer and least during winter. Intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) were 0.091, 0.147 and 0.051 dayG1 during spring, summer and autumn seasons, respectively. Mean generation time (To) of the population ranged from 18.01 days during summer to 30.80 days during autumn. Based on the observed demographic parameters during three seasons, it is concluded that the summer season with average temperature of 25.72°C is highly favorable for development of P. ulmi.
{"title":"Biology and Demographic Parameters of European Red Mite, Panonychus ulmi Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) on Mulberry in Kashmir Valley, India","authors":"M. Y. Dar, R. Rao, G. Ramegowda, V. Mittal","doi":"10.3923/IJZR.2015.76.88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/IJZR.2015.76.88","url":null,"abstract":"Life history traits of Panonychus ulmi on mulberry (Morus multicaulis) determined under ambient conditions; the temperature and relative humidity were same as that in natural conditions in three seasons of 2012. Developmental time from egg to adult for female and male varied from 12.66-23.24 and 10.62-18.65 days, respectively. Total and daily egg production was highest during summer (34.00 and 4.68 eggs, respectively) followed by spring (27.33 and 3.60 eggs) and lowest during autumn (17.80 and 1.87 eggs). Panonychus ulmi completed its life span in 19.07 and 21.76 days for male and female, respectively during summer and took more than one and half times during autumn. All parameters were intermediate during spring compared to highest during summer and least during winter. Intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) were 0.091, 0.147 and 0.051 dayG1 during spring, summer and autumn seasons, respectively. Mean generation time (To) of the population ranged from 18.01 days during summer to 30.80 days during autumn. Based on the observed demographic parameters during three seasons, it is concluded that the summer season with average temperature of 25.72°C is highly favorable for development of P. ulmi.","PeriodicalId":166162,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Zoological Research","volume":"164 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127531878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-03-01DOI: 10.3923/IJZR.2015.116.126
T. S. Patil, A. Bhosale, R. B. Yadav, R. S. Khandekar, D. V. Muley
The present investigation undertakes to study endemic and threatened fish species and its assemblage structure from rivers of Kolhapur district for the period July-2012 to December-2014. The study area is situated in the extreme Southern part of Maharashtra state. It contributes much more part of Western Ghats. A total of 23 species belonging to 7 families and 19 genera were reported. In which 9 species are threatened and 20 species are endemic to Western Ghats, we found that 6 species are threatened as well as endemic. Puntius sahyadriensis, Nemacheilus anguilla, Pterocryptis wynaadensis and Glyptothorax trewavasae are first time reported from Kolhapur district. High Shannon diversity index shows considerable variation and ranges from 1.34-2.43. Margalef’s diversity index and Evenness index for each sampling site were also recorded. The similarity in cluster analysis from nearby sampling site along the river has similar faunal assemblage. The problems related to various threats for aquatic biodiversity and conservation management strategies have been discussed.
{"title":"Study of Endemic and Threatened Fish Species Diversity and its Assemblage Structure from Northern Western Ghats, Maharashtra, India","authors":"T. S. Patil, A. Bhosale, R. B. Yadav, R. S. Khandekar, D. V. Muley","doi":"10.3923/IJZR.2015.116.126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/IJZR.2015.116.126","url":null,"abstract":"The present investigation undertakes to study endemic and threatened fish species and its assemblage structure from rivers of Kolhapur district for the period July-2012 to December-2014. The study area is situated in the extreme Southern part of Maharashtra state. It contributes much more part of Western Ghats. A total of 23 species belonging to 7 families and 19 genera were reported. In which 9 species are threatened and 20 species are endemic to Western Ghats, we found that 6 species are threatened as well as endemic. Puntius sahyadriensis, Nemacheilus anguilla, Pterocryptis wynaadensis and Glyptothorax trewavasae are first time reported from Kolhapur district. High Shannon diversity index shows considerable variation and ranges from 1.34-2.43. Margalef’s diversity index and Evenness index for each sampling site were also recorded. The similarity in cluster analysis from nearby sampling site along the river has similar faunal assemblage. The problems related to various threats for aquatic biodiversity and conservation management strategies have been discussed.","PeriodicalId":166162,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Zoological Research","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129121241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-03-01DOI: 10.3923/IJZR.2015.96.101
A. Anto, V. Balasubram
{"title":"Therapeutic Effect of Phyllanthus emblica on Disease Induced Common Carp Cyprinus carpio by Aeromonas hydrophila","authors":"A. Anto, V. Balasubram","doi":"10.3923/IJZR.2015.96.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/IJZR.2015.96.101","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":166162,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Zoological Research","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125316522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prevalence Rate of Intestinal Parasites in Camels in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","authors":"W. Al-Megrin","doi":"10.3923/IJZR.2015.65.70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/IJZR.2015.65.70","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":166162,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Zoological Research","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127744915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Study of the Relationship between Social Capital and Urban Development (Case Study: Sardasht)","authors":"Osman Alipour, Bisotoon Azizi, Loghman Radpey","doi":"10.3923/IJZR.2015.71.75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/IJZR.2015.71.75","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":166162,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Zoological Research","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132911352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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