Osteoporosis is characterized by bone loss and deterioration in bone microstructure, leading to bone fragility. It is strongly correlated with menopause in women. Previously, we reported that diets supplemented with a kudzu (Pueraria lobata) vine extract suppressed bone resorption in ovariectomized (OVX) mice, a postmenopausal model. The main isoflavone in kudzu is puerarin (daidzein-8-C-glycoside). Puerarin (daidzein-8-C-glycoside), which is main isoflavone of kudzu, probably contributes to the beneficial effect. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear. Therefore, the nutrikinetics of puerarin and the comparison with the suppressive effects of kudzu isoflavones on osteoclast differentiation was examined in this study. We demonstrated that orally administered puerarin was absorbed from the gut and entered the circulation in an intact form. In addition, puerarin accumulated in RAW264.7 pre-osteoclast cells in a time-dependent manner. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity was decreased by puerarin treatment in a concentration-dependent manner in RAW264.7 cells stimulated with the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand. Ovariectomy-induced elevated bone resorption was suppressed, and the fragile bone strength was improved by puerarin ingestion in the diet. These findings suggested that orally administered puerarin was localized in bone tissue and suppressed bone resorption and osteoclastogenesis in ovariectomized mice.
{"title":"Dietary Puerarin Translocates to Femur and Suppresses Osteoclast Differentiation in Ovariectomized Mice.","authors":"Teruyoshi Tanaka, Kazuya Umehara, Keiko Tanaka, Tatsuya Moriyama, Yukio Kawamura","doi":"10.3177/jnsv.70.262","DOIUrl":"10.3177/jnsv.70.262","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Osteoporosis is characterized by bone loss and deterioration in bone microstructure, leading to bone fragility. It is strongly correlated with menopause in women. Previously, we reported that diets supplemented with a kudzu (Pueraria lobata) vine extract suppressed bone resorption in ovariectomized (OVX) mice, a postmenopausal model. The main isoflavone in kudzu is puerarin (daidzein-8-C-glycoside). Puerarin (daidzein-8-C-glycoside), which is main isoflavone of kudzu, probably contributes to the beneficial effect. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear. Therefore, the nutrikinetics of puerarin and the comparison with the suppressive effects of kudzu isoflavones on osteoclast differentiation was examined in this study. We demonstrated that orally administered puerarin was absorbed from the gut and entered the circulation in an intact form. In addition, puerarin accumulated in RAW264.7 pre-osteoclast cells in a time-dependent manner. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity was decreased by puerarin treatment in a concentration-dependent manner in RAW264.7 cells stimulated with the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand. Ovariectomy-induced elevated bone resorption was suppressed, and the fragile bone strength was improved by puerarin ingestion in the diet. These findings suggested that orally administered puerarin was localized in bone tissue and suppressed bone resorption and osteoclastogenesis in ovariectomized mice.</p>","PeriodicalId":16624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141468768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fumiko Sekiguchi, Mizuki Kitaguchi, Emi Kondo, Koji Okamura
Although the energy stored in lean tissue (LT) and adipose tissue (AT) is well known, the energy required to synthesize these tissues is less clear. While elucidating the energy required for AT synthesis may not be so important, the elucidation of the energy required for LT synthesis is important for individuals who aim to increase their skeletal muscle. Theoretically the energy at the point at which ΔLT/Δbody weight (BW) reaches 100% on a regression curve, which indicates the relationship between ΔLT/ΔBW and the energy used to accumulate body tissue, is considered to be the energy expended to synthesize LT. We therefore investigated the relationship using rats. Rats of different ages, and rats in exercised or sedentary states were used because their ΔLT/ΔBW was expected to be different. ΔLT/ΔBW was higher in the 4-wk-old group than in the 8-wk-old group and higher in the exercise group than in the sedentary group. We found a positive correlation between ΔLT/ΔBW and the energy expended to synthesize tissues that accumulated in the body. This energy was lower in the 8-wk-old group, which had a lower ΔLT/ΔBW in comparison to the 4-wk-old group, but was not affected by exercise. The regression curve revealed that the energy expended to synthesize LT was 2.9 kcal/g, while that expended to synthesize AT was 1.1 kcal/g. Therefore, combined with the energy accumulated to the tissues, the energy required to accumulate LT is approximately 4.0 kcal/g, while that required to accumulate AT is approximately 8.5 kcal/g.
{"title":"The Energy Required to Synthesize Lean and Adipose Tissue in Rats.","authors":"Fumiko Sekiguchi, Mizuki Kitaguchi, Emi Kondo, Koji Okamura","doi":"10.3177/jnsv.70.150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3177/jnsv.70.150","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although the energy stored in lean tissue (LT) and adipose tissue (AT) is well known, the energy required to synthesize these tissues is less clear. While elucidating the energy required for AT synthesis may not be so important, the elucidation of the energy required for LT synthesis is important for individuals who aim to increase their skeletal muscle. Theoretically the energy at the point at which ΔLT/Δbody weight (BW) reaches 100% on a regression curve, which indicates the relationship between ΔLT/ΔBW and the energy used to accumulate body tissue, is considered to be the energy expended to synthesize LT. We therefore investigated the relationship using rats. Rats of different ages, and rats in exercised or sedentary states were used because their ΔLT/ΔBW was expected to be different. ΔLT/ΔBW was higher in the 4-wk-old group than in the 8-wk-old group and higher in the exercise group than in the sedentary group. We found a positive correlation between ΔLT/ΔBW and the energy expended to synthesize tissues that accumulated in the body. This energy was lower in the 8-wk-old group, which had a lower ΔLT/ΔBW in comparison to the 4-wk-old group, but was not affected by exercise. The regression curve revealed that the energy expended to synthesize LT was 2.9 kcal/g, while that expended to synthesize AT was 1.1 kcal/g. Therefore, combined with the energy accumulated to the tissues, the energy required to accumulate LT is approximately 4.0 kcal/g, while that required to accumulate AT is approximately 8.5 kcal/g.</p>","PeriodicalId":16624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140853576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maintenance of appropriate muscle mass is necessary for good quality of life as skeletal muscles play critical roles in locomotion, metabolic homeostasis, and thermogenesis. Polyamines are essential metabolites that regulate several important cellular functions. In C57BL6 mice who underwent sciatic nerve transection of the hind limb, compensatory muscle hypertrophy is enhanced by the administration of polyamines. However, the action mechanisms of polyamines in muscle hypertrophy remain unclear. Here, we isolated PA YEAST SC-1, a polyamine-rich Saccharomyces cerevisiae, from Baker's yeast. We examined whether PA YEAST SC-1 induces muscle hypertrophy and elucidated the underlying action mechanisms of polyamines and the active ingredients in PA YEAST SC-1 using C2C12 myotubes. PA YEAST SC-1 at 1 mg/mL increased myosin heavy chain expression in C2C12 myotubes. Mechanistically, PA YEAST SC-1 induced the activation of Akt/mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase/p70S6K signaling. Furthermore, PA YEAST SC-1 decreased the expression levels of the ubiquitin ligases, atrogin-1 and muscle RING finger-1, via forkhead box O1 phosphorylation. These findings suggest PA YEAST SC-1 as an effective food ingredient for the treatment of muscle hypertrophy.
骨骼肌在运动、新陈代谢平衡和产热中发挥着关键作用,因此保持适当的肌肉质量对提高生活质量十分必要。多胺是调节多种重要细胞功能的必需代谢物。在后肢坐骨神经横断的 C57BL6 小鼠中,多胺可增强肌肉的代偿性肥大。然而,多胺在肌肉肥大中的作用机制仍不清楚。在这里,我们从贝克酵母中分离出了富含多胺的酵母菌 PA YEAST SC-1。我们利用 C2C12 肌管研究了 PA YEAST SC-1 是否能诱导肌肉肥大,并阐明了多胺的潜在作用机制和 PA YEAST SC-1 中的活性成分。1 mg/mL 的 PA YEAST SC-1 可增加 C2C12 肌细胞管中肌球蛋白重链的表达。从机理上讲,PA YEAST SC-1 可诱导激活 Akt/雷帕霉素机械靶激酶/p70S6K 信号。此外,PA YEAST SC-1 还能通过叉头盒 O1 磷酸化降低泛素连接酶 atrogin-1 和肌肉 RING finger-1 的表达水平。这些研究结果表明,PA YEAST SC-1 是治疗肌肉肥大症的有效食品成分。
{"title":"PA YEAST SC-1, Polyamine-Rich Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Induces Muscle Hypertrophy in C2C12 Myotubes.","authors":"Yasukiyo Yoshioka, Keigo Onishi, Kensuke Yasui, Noriyuki Miyoshi","doi":"10.3177/jnsv.70.53","DOIUrl":"10.3177/jnsv.70.53","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Maintenance of appropriate muscle mass is necessary for good quality of life as skeletal muscles play critical roles in locomotion, metabolic homeostasis, and thermogenesis. Polyamines are essential metabolites that regulate several important cellular functions. In C57BL6 mice who underwent sciatic nerve transection of the hind limb, compensatory muscle hypertrophy is enhanced by the administration of polyamines. However, the action mechanisms of polyamines in muscle hypertrophy remain unclear. Here, we isolated PA YEAST SC-1, a polyamine-rich Saccharomyces cerevisiae, from Baker's yeast. We examined whether PA YEAST SC-1 induces muscle hypertrophy and elucidated the underlying action mechanisms of polyamines and the active ingredients in PA YEAST SC-1 using C2C12 myotubes. PA YEAST SC-1 at 1 mg/mL increased myosin heavy chain expression in C2C12 myotubes. Mechanistically, PA YEAST SC-1 induced the activation of Akt/mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase/p70S6K signaling. Furthermore, PA YEAST SC-1 decreased the expression levels of the ubiquitin ligases, atrogin-1 and muscle RING finger-1, via forkhead box O1 phosphorylation. These findings suggest PA YEAST SC-1 as an effective food ingredient for the treatment of muscle hypertrophy.</p>","PeriodicalId":16624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139990362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The bioavailability of natural folates is 50% lower than that of synthetic folic acid (FA); however, it remains unclear whether this value is universally applicable to all foods. Therefore, the present study investigated the bioavailability of folate from spinach using multiple biomarkers in a folate depletion-repletion mouse model. Mice were fed a folate-deficient diet for 4 wk and subsequently divided into three groups: folate-deficient, FA, and spinach folate. The folate repletion group received either FA or spinach folate at 2 mg/kg diet for 9 d. On the 7th day of repletion, half of each group underwent low-dose total body X-ray irradiation to induce chromosomal damage in bone marrow. Folate bioavailability biomarkers included measurements of folate levels in plasma, liver, and bone marrow along with an analysis of plasma homocysteine levels and chromosome damage, both of which are functional biomarkers of body folate. The consumption of a folate-deficient diet led to decreased tissue folate levels, increased plasma homocysteine levels, and chromosomal damage. Repletion with spinach folate restored folate levels in plasma, liver, and bone marrow to 69, 13, and 68%, respectively, of FA levels. Additionally, spinach folate repletion reduced plasma homocysteine levels and chromosome damage to 83% and 93-117%, respectively, of FA levels. Collectively, the present results demonstrated that the bioavailability of spinach folate exceeded 83% of FA, particularly when assessed using functional biomarkers.
天然叶酸的生物利用率比合成叶酸(FA)低 50%,但这一数值是否普遍适用于所有食物仍不清楚。因此,本研究在叶酸缺失-补充小鼠模型中使用多种生物标志物研究了菠菜中叶酸的生物利用率。小鼠被喂食叶酸缺乏饮食 4 周,随后被分为三组:叶酸缺乏组、叶酸补充组和菠菜叶酸补充组。在叶酸补充的第 7 天,每组一半的小鼠接受低剂量全身 X 射线照射,以诱导骨髓染色体损伤。叶酸生物利用率生物标志物包括血浆、肝脏和骨髓中叶酸水平的测量,以及血浆同型半胱氨酸水平和染色体损伤的分析,这两者都是体内叶酸的功能性生物标志物。叶酸缺乏饮食导致组织叶酸水平下降、血浆同型半胱氨酸水平升高和染色体损伤。补充菠菜叶酸后,血浆、肝脏和骨髓中的叶酸水平分别恢复到 FA 水平的 69%、13% 和 68%。此外,补充菠菜叶酸还可将血浆同型半胱氨酸水平和染色体损伤分别降至 FA 水平的 83% 和 93-117%。总之,本研究结果表明,菠菜叶酸的生物利用率超过叶酸的 83%,尤其是在使用功能性生物标志物进行评估时。
{"title":"High Bioavailability of Spinach Folate Evaluated by Functional Biomarkers in a Folate Depletion-Repletion Mouse Model.","authors":"Keizo Umegaki, Aya Ozeki, Kaori Yokotani","doi":"10.3177/jnsv.70.305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3177/jnsv.70.305","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The bioavailability of natural folates is 50% lower than that of synthetic folic acid (FA); however, it remains unclear whether this value is universally applicable to all foods. Therefore, the present study investigated the bioavailability of folate from spinach using multiple biomarkers in a folate depletion-repletion mouse model. Mice were fed a folate-deficient diet for 4 wk and subsequently divided into three groups: folate-deficient, FA, and spinach folate. The folate repletion group received either FA or spinach folate at 2 mg/kg diet for 9 d. On the 7th day of repletion, half of each group underwent low-dose total body X-ray irradiation to induce chromosomal damage in bone marrow. Folate bioavailability biomarkers included measurements of folate levels in plasma, liver, and bone marrow along with an analysis of plasma homocysteine levels and chromosome damage, both of which are functional biomarkers of body folate. The consumption of a folate-deficient diet led to decreased tissue folate levels, increased plasma homocysteine levels, and chromosomal damage. Repletion with spinach folate restored folate levels in plasma, liver, and bone marrow to 69, 13, and 68%, respectively, of FA levels. Additionally, spinach folate repletion reduced plasma homocysteine levels and chromosome damage to 83% and 93-117%, respectively, of FA levels. Collectively, the present results demonstrated that the bioavailability of spinach folate exceeded 83% of FA, particularly when assessed using functional biomarkers.</p>","PeriodicalId":16624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142108373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shiori Ishiyama, Mayu Kimura, Takao Nakagawa, Satoshi Kishigami, Kazuki Mochizuki
Recently, we have demonstrated that mice, cultured embryos in α-minimum essential medium (αMEM) and subsequent fed a high-fat, high-sugar diet, developed steatohepatitis. In this study, we investigated using these samples whether the expression of lipid droplet formation genes in the liver is higher in MEM mice, whether these expressions are regulated by histone acetylation, writers/readers of histone acetylation, and the transcriptional factors of endoplasmic reticulum stress. Mice were produced by two-cell embryos in αMEM or standard potassium simplex-optimized medium (control) in vitro for 48 h, and implanted into an oviduct for spontaneous delivery. MEM and control-mice were fed a high-fat, high-sugar diet for 18 wk, and then liver samples were collected and analyzed by histology, qRT-PCR, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Gene expression of Cidea, Cidec, and Plin4 were higher in MEM mice and histone H3K9 acetylation, BRD4, and CBP were higher in MEM mice than in control mice around those genes. However, the binding of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related transcription factors (ATF4, CHOP and C/EBPα) around those genes in the liver, was not clearly differed between MEM mice and control mice. The increased expression of Cidea, Cidec and Plin4 in the liver, accompanied by the development of steatohepatitis in mice induced is positively associated with increased histone H3K9 acetylation and CBP and BRD4 binding around these genes.
最近,我们已经证明,用α-最低限度必需培养基(αMEM)培养胚胎并随后喂食高脂肪、高糖饮食的小鼠会患上脂肪性肝炎。在本研究中,我们利用这些样本研究了 MEM 小鼠肝脏中脂滴形成基因的表达量是否更高,这些表达量是否受组蛋白乙酰化、组蛋白乙酰化的写入者/读取者以及内质网应激转录因子的调控。小鼠由两细胞胚胎在αMEM或标准单纯钾优化培养基(对照组)中体外培养48小时后,植入输卵管进行自然分娩。MEM 小鼠和对照组小鼠均以高脂高糖饮食喂养 18 周,然后收集肝脏样本并通过组织学、qRT-PCR 和染色质免疫共沉淀分析进行分析。MEM小鼠Cidea、Cidec和Plin4的基因表达量较高,组蛋白H3K9乙酰化、BRD4和CBP在这些基因周围的表达量也高于对照组小鼠。然而,内质网应激相关转录因子(ATF4、CHOP和C/EBPα)在肝脏中与这些基因的结合情况在MEM小鼠和对照组小鼠之间没有明显差异。Cidea、Cidec和Plin4在肝脏中的表达增加,伴随着小鼠脂肪性肝炎的发生,与这些基因周围组蛋白H3K9乙酰化及CBP和BRD4结合的增加呈正相关。
{"title":"Induction of the Lipid Droplet Formation Genes in Steatohepatitis Mice by Embryo/Postnatal Nutrient Environment Is Associated with Histone Acetylation around the Genes.","authors":"Shiori Ishiyama, Mayu Kimura, Takao Nakagawa, Satoshi Kishigami, Kazuki Mochizuki","doi":"10.3177/jnsv.70.318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3177/jnsv.70.318","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recently, we have demonstrated that mice, cultured embryos in α-minimum essential medium (αMEM) and subsequent fed a high-fat, high-sugar diet, developed steatohepatitis. In this study, we investigated using these samples whether the expression of lipid droplet formation genes in the liver is higher in MEM mice, whether these expressions are regulated by histone acetylation, writers/readers of histone acetylation, and the transcriptional factors of endoplasmic reticulum stress. Mice were produced by two-cell embryos in αMEM or standard potassium simplex-optimized medium (control) in vitro for 48 h, and implanted into an oviduct for spontaneous delivery. MEM and control-mice were fed a high-fat, high-sugar diet for 18 wk, and then liver samples were collected and analyzed by histology, qRT-PCR, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Gene expression of Cidea, Cidec, and Plin4 were higher in MEM mice and histone H3K9 acetylation, BRD4, and CBP were higher in MEM mice than in control mice around those genes. However, the binding of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related transcription factors (ATF4, CHOP and C/EBPα) around those genes in the liver, was not clearly differed between MEM mice and control mice. The increased expression of Cidea, Cidec and Plin4 in the liver, accompanied by the development of steatohepatitis in mice induced is positively associated with increased histone H3K9 acetylation and CBP and BRD4 binding around these genes.</p>","PeriodicalId":16624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142108375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wrestlers have a risk of relative energy deficiency in sports because they believe that they can gain an advantage over their opponents by temporarily adopting weight-making strategies even women. However, precise methods of making weight and the effect of manipulating body mass (BM) on health and performance in female wrestlers have not been reported. Our study aimed to report a case of weight making in a world-class female wrestler, who won the world competition seven times in 5-y and had oligomenorrhea. We obtained the BM, blood, urine, and saliva samples, hand grip strength, subjective condition a month before the match (baseline), and 3-d before the match (day-3), and food and physical activity records during baseline and 10 d before the competition. The wrestler lost 4.7% of BM from baseline to day-3 and 7.6% of BM to the match by method to reduce energy intake and enhance dehydration. Hand grip strength did not change by weight loss. After weigh-in, the wrestler took the recovery food containing 4.9 g/kg BM of carbohydrate. Although these weight strategies may at least contribute to the success of wrestlers, the impact on health needs to be clarified in future studies.
{"title":"Nutritional and Training Strategies for Actual Competition in World-Class Japanese Female Wrestler: A Case Report.","authors":"Emi Kondo, Masashi Saito, Akiko Uchizawa, Shinsuke Tamai, Koichi Watanabe, Hiroyuki Sagayama","doi":"10.3177/jnsv.70.72","DOIUrl":"10.3177/jnsv.70.72","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wrestlers have a risk of relative energy deficiency in sports because they believe that they can gain an advantage over their opponents by temporarily adopting weight-making strategies even women. However, precise methods of making weight and the effect of manipulating body mass (BM) on health and performance in female wrestlers have not been reported. Our study aimed to report a case of weight making in a world-class female wrestler, who won the world competition seven times in 5-y and had oligomenorrhea. We obtained the BM, blood, urine, and saliva samples, hand grip strength, subjective condition a month before the match (baseline), and 3-d before the match (day-3), and food and physical activity records during baseline and 10 d before the competition. The wrestler lost 4.7% of BM from baseline to day-3 and 7.6% of BM to the match by method to reduce energy intake and enhance dehydration. Hand grip strength did not change by weight loss. After weigh-in, the wrestler took the recovery food containing 4.9 g/kg BM of carbohydrate. Although these weight strategies may at least contribute to the success of wrestlers, the impact on health needs to be clarified in future studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":16624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139990360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Asuka Fujisaki, Aya Matsui, Kosuke Shiki, Rika Tateishi, Tatsuki Itoh
The development of atopic dermatitis (AD) involves multiple factors. Three such factors are particularly important in AD onset: immune abnormalities, skin barrier dysfunction, and itching. Many studies report that an imbalance between helper T (Th)1 and Th2 cells causes AD. Apple pectin, a prebiotic, has preventative effects in other allergic diseases (e.g., bronchial asthma and AD), but its potential benefits in AD are unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of oral apple pectin administration on skin inflammation in an AD mouse model and examined changes in T cells involved in AD. To induce AD, a picryl chloride solution was applied to the shaved back skin of male NC/Nga mice. AD mice then received an oral apple pectin solution (0.4% or 4%) for 35 d. Compared with untreated AD mice, mice in both apple pectin-treated groups showed improvement in AD-induced inflammation and skin symptoms. Histological evaluation showed that apple pectin treatment attenuated epidermal thickening and decreased the number of mast cells and CD4+ cells in AD-induced mice. Apple pectin treatment also reduced serum IgE concentration, as well as expression of the inflammation indicator cyclooxygenase-2 and the Th2-related factors thymic stromal lymphopoietin, interleukin-4, and GATA3. Additionally, increased mRNA expression of the genes that encode interferon-γ and T-bet, which are Th1-related factors, and forkhead box protein P3, were observed in the apple pectin-treated groups. Our findings suggest that apple pectin treatment ameliorates AD by increasing regulatory T cells and improving the Th1/Th2 balance in the skin of AD model mice.
特应性皮炎(AD)的发病涉及多种因素。其中有三个因素对特应性皮炎的发病尤为重要:免疫异常、皮肤屏障功能障碍和瘙痒。许多研究报告指出,辅助性 T(Th)1 和 Th2 细胞之间的失衡会导致特应性皮炎。苹果果胶是一种益生元,对其他过敏性疾病(如支气管哮喘和 AD)有预防作用,但其对 AD 的潜在益处尚不清楚。在这项研究中,我们研究了口服苹果果胶对 AD 小鼠模型皮肤炎症的影响,并检测了参与 AD 的 T 细胞的变化。为了诱导AD,在雄性NC/Nga小鼠剃光的背部皮肤上涂抹了苦味氯化物溶液。与未接受治疗的 AD 小鼠相比,接受苹果果胶治疗的两组小鼠在 AD 诱发的炎症和皮肤症状方面均有所改善。组织学评估显示,苹果果胶治疗减轻了AD诱导小鼠表皮的增厚,减少了肥大细胞和CD4+细胞的数量。苹果果胶还降低了血清 IgE 浓度,以及炎症指标环氧化酶-2 和 Th2 相关因子胸腺基质淋巴细胞生成素、白细胞介素-4 和 GATA3 的表达。此外,还观察到苹果果胶处理组中与 Th1 相关的干扰素-γ 和 T-bet 的编码基因以及叉头盒蛋白 P3 的 mRNA 表达增加。我们的研究结果表明,苹果果胶可通过增加调节性T细胞和改善AD模型小鼠皮肤的Th1/Th2平衡来改善AD。
{"title":"Oral Administration of Apple Pectin Solution Improves Atopic Dermatitis in a Mouse Model.","authors":"Asuka Fujisaki, Aya Matsui, Kosuke Shiki, Rika Tateishi, Tatsuki Itoh","doi":"10.3177/jnsv.70.9","DOIUrl":"10.3177/jnsv.70.9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The development of atopic dermatitis (AD) involves multiple factors. Three such factors are particularly important in AD onset: immune abnormalities, skin barrier dysfunction, and itching. Many studies report that an imbalance between helper T (Th)1 and Th2 cells causes AD. Apple pectin, a prebiotic, has preventative effects in other allergic diseases (e.g., bronchial asthma and AD), but its potential benefits in AD are unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of oral apple pectin administration on skin inflammation in an AD mouse model and examined changes in T cells involved in AD. To induce AD, a picryl chloride solution was applied to the shaved back skin of male NC/Nga mice. AD mice then received an oral apple pectin solution (0.4% or 4%) for 35 d. Compared with untreated AD mice, mice in both apple pectin-treated groups showed improvement in AD-induced inflammation and skin symptoms. Histological evaluation showed that apple pectin treatment attenuated epidermal thickening and decreased the number of mast cells and CD4+ cells in AD-induced mice. Apple pectin treatment also reduced serum IgE concentration, as well as expression of the inflammation indicator cyclooxygenase-2 and the Th2-related factors thymic stromal lymphopoietin, interleukin-4, and GATA3. Additionally, increased mRNA expression of the genes that encode interferon-γ and T-bet, which are Th1-related factors, and forkhead box protein P3, were observed in the apple pectin-treated groups. Our findings suggest that apple pectin treatment ameliorates AD by increasing regulatory T cells and improving the Th1/Th2 balance in the skin of AD model mice.</p>","PeriodicalId":16624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139990361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Errata.","authors":"","doi":"10.3177/jnsv.70.293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3177/jnsv.70.293","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141468774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jelena Slankamenac, Marijana Ranisavljev, Nikola Todorovic, Jelena Ostojic, Valdemar Stajer, Darren G Candow, Laszlo Ratgeber, Jozsef Betlehem, Pongrac Acs, Sergej M Ostojic
Preliminary studies demonstrated beneficial effects of dietary creatine across different post-viral fatigue syndromes. Creatine is often co-administered with glucose to improve its potency yet whether glucose boost the efficacy of creatine in long COVID remains currently unknown. In this report, we investigate the effects of 8-wk creatine intake with and without glucose on patient-reported outcomes, exercise tolerance, and tissue creatine levels in patients with long COVID. Fifteen male and female long COVID adult patients (age 39.7±16.0 y; 9 women) with moderate fatigue and at least one of additional long COVID-related symptoms volunteered to participate in this randomized controlled parallel-group interventional trial. All patients were allocated in a double-blind parallel-group design (1 : 1 : 1) to receive creatine (8 g of creatine monohydrate per day), a mixture of creatine and glucose (8 g of creatine monohydrate and 3 g of glucose per day), or placebo (3 g of glucose per day) t.i.d. during an 8-wk intervention interval. Two-way ANOVA with repeated measures (treatment vs. time interaction) revealed significant differences in changes in total creatine levels between the groups, showing an interaction effect at two brain locations (right precentral white matter F=34.740, p=0.008; partial η2=0.72; left paracentral grey matter F=19.243, p=0.019; partial η2=0.88), with creatine and creatine-glucose outcompeted placebo to elevate creatine levels at these two locations. Several long COVID symptoms (including body aches, breathing problems, difficulties concentrating, headache, and general malaise) were significantly reduced in creatine-glucose group at 8-wk follow-up (p≤0.05); the effect sizes for reducing body aches, difficulties concentrating, and headache were 1.33, 0.80, and 1.12, respectively, suggesting a large effect of creatine-glucose mixture for these outcomes. Our preliminary findings suggest that supplying exogenous creatine with glucose could be recommended as an effective procedure in replenishing brain creatine pool and alleviating long COVID features in this prevalent condition.
{"title":"Eight-Week Creatine-Glucose Supplementation Alleviates Clinical Features of Long COVID.","authors":"Jelena Slankamenac, Marijana Ranisavljev, Nikola Todorovic, Jelena Ostojic, Valdemar Stajer, Darren G Candow, Laszlo Ratgeber, Jozsef Betlehem, Pongrac Acs, Sergej M Ostojic","doi":"10.3177/jnsv.70.174","DOIUrl":"10.3177/jnsv.70.174","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Preliminary studies demonstrated beneficial effects of dietary creatine across different post-viral fatigue syndromes. Creatine is often co-administered with glucose to improve its potency yet whether glucose boost the efficacy of creatine in long COVID remains currently unknown. In this report, we investigate the effects of 8-wk creatine intake with and without glucose on patient-reported outcomes, exercise tolerance, and tissue creatine levels in patients with long COVID. Fifteen male and female long COVID adult patients (age 39.7±16.0 y; 9 women) with moderate fatigue and at least one of additional long COVID-related symptoms volunteered to participate in this randomized controlled parallel-group interventional trial. All patients were allocated in a double-blind parallel-group design (1 : 1 : 1) to receive creatine (8 g of creatine monohydrate per day), a mixture of creatine and glucose (8 g of creatine monohydrate and 3 g of glucose per day), or placebo (3 g of glucose per day) t.i.d. during an 8-wk intervention interval. Two-way ANOVA with repeated measures (treatment vs. time interaction) revealed significant differences in changes in total creatine levels between the groups, showing an interaction effect at two brain locations (right precentral white matter F=34.740, p=0.008; partial η<sup>2</sup>=0.72; left paracentral grey matter F=19.243, p=0.019; partial η<sup>2</sup>=0.88), with creatine and creatine-glucose outcompeted placebo to elevate creatine levels at these two locations. Several long COVID symptoms (including body aches, breathing problems, difficulties concentrating, headache, and general malaise) were significantly reduced in creatine-glucose group at 8-wk follow-up (p≤0.05); the effect sizes for reducing body aches, difficulties concentrating, and headache were 1.33, 0.80, and 1.12, respectively, suggesting a large effect of creatine-glucose mixture for these outcomes. Our preliminary findings suggest that supplying exogenous creatine with glucose could be recommended as an effective procedure in replenishing brain creatine pool and alleviating long COVID features in this prevalent condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":16624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140866552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Malnutrition in children with cancer is associated with poor prognosis. This study aimed to determine whether nutritional support team (NST) interventions prevent adverse events and improve the nutritional status in pediatric patients admitted for cancer treatment. This was a historical cohort study of pediatric patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, neuroblastoma, or brain tumor who received chemotherapy or underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Patients admitted between June 2013 and October 2014 were classified into the intervention group. Those admitted between January 2011 and December 2012 were classified into the control group. We created a homogeneous probability model using the inverse probability of treatment weighting method, and compared outcomes. A total of 75 patients were included in the study (38 and 37 in the intervention and control groups, respectively). The intervention group had significantly fewer incidents of nothing by mouth (nil per os [NPO]) (p=0.037) and days of NPO (p=0.046) than the control group. There was no significant difference between the intervention and control groups regarding the change in body mass index z-score between admission and discharge (p=0.376). NST interventions for children with cancer were associated with a reduction in the number of NPO occurrences and NPO days. These findings suggest that NST interventions contribute to continued oral intake.
癌症儿童营养不良与预后不良有关。本研究旨在确定营养支持小组(NST)的干预措施是否能预防不良事件的发生,并改善接受癌症治疗的儿科患者的营养状况。这是一项历史队列研究,研究对象为接受化疗或造血干细胞移植的急性淋巴细胞白血病、急性髓性白血病、神经母细胞瘤或脑肿瘤儿科患者。2013年6月至2014年10月期间入院的患者被归入干预组。2011年1月至2012年12月期间入院的患者被归入对照组。我们使用治疗的逆概率加权法创建了一个同质概率模型,并对结果进行了比较。研究共纳入 75 名患者(干预组和对照组分别为 38 人和 37 人)。与对照组相比,干预组患者口服无药(nil per os [NPO])的次数(p=0.037)和无药天数(p=0.046)明显减少。干预组和对照组在入院和出院之间的体重指数 z 值变化方面没有明显差异(p=0.376)。对癌症患儿进行 NST 干预与减少 NPO 发生次数和 NPO 天数有关。这些研究结果表明,NST 干预有助于持续口腔摄入。
{"title":"Effectiveness of Nutrition Support Team Intervention in Pediatric Patients with Cancer.","authors":"Midori Shimizu, Akio Shimizu, Tetsuya Takamasu, Hiroaki Goto, Hideki Taniguchi","doi":"10.3177/jnsv.70.328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3177/jnsv.70.328","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Malnutrition in children with cancer is associated with poor prognosis. This study aimed to determine whether nutritional support team (NST) interventions prevent adverse events and improve the nutritional status in pediatric patients admitted for cancer treatment. This was a historical cohort study of pediatric patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, neuroblastoma, or brain tumor who received chemotherapy or underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Patients admitted between June 2013 and October 2014 were classified into the intervention group. Those admitted between January 2011 and December 2012 were classified into the control group. We created a homogeneous probability model using the inverse probability of treatment weighting method, and compared outcomes. A total of 75 patients were included in the study (38 and 37 in the intervention and control groups, respectively). The intervention group had significantly fewer incidents of nothing by mouth (nil per os [NPO]) (p=0.037) and days of NPO (p=0.046) than the control group. There was no significant difference between the intervention and control groups regarding the change in body mass index z-score between admission and discharge (p=0.376). NST interventions for children with cancer were associated with a reduction in the number of NPO occurrences and NPO days. These findings suggest that NST interventions contribute to continued oral intake.</p>","PeriodicalId":16624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142108372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}