This study investigated the protective effect of carnosine and its components (L-histidine and β-alanine [HA]) against dexamethasone (Dex)-induced muscle atrophy in C2C12 myotubes. Myotubes were treated with Dex (10 μM) to induce muscle atrophy manifested by decreased myotube diameter, low myosin heavy chain content, and increased expression of muscle atrophy-associated ubiquitin ligases (Atrogin-1, MuRF-1, and Cbl-b). Carnosine (20 mM) treatment significantly improved the myotube diameter and MyHC protein expression level in Dex-treated C2C12 myotubes. It also downregulated the expression of Atrogin-1, MuRF-1, and Cbl-b and suppressed the expression of forkhead box O3 (FoxO3a) mediated by Dex. Furthermore, reactive oxygen species production was increased by Dex but was ameliorated by carnosine treatment. However, HA (20 mM), the component of carnosine, treatment was found ineffective in preventing Dex-induced protein damage. Therefore, based on above results it can be suggested that carnosine could be a potential therapeutic agent to prevent Dex-induced muscle atrophy compared to its components HA.
{"title":"Muscle-Protective Effect of Carnosine against Dexamethasone-Induced Muscle Atrophy in C2C12 Myotube.","authors":"Md Mizanur Rahman, Anayt Ulla, Hiroki Moriwaki, Yusuke Yasukawa, Takayuki Uchida, Takeshi Nikawa","doi":"10.3177/jnsv.70.219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3177/jnsv.70.219","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the protective effect of carnosine and its components (L-histidine and β-alanine [HA]) against dexamethasone (Dex)-induced muscle atrophy in C2C12 myotubes. Myotubes were treated with Dex (10 μM) to induce muscle atrophy manifested by decreased myotube diameter, low myosin heavy chain content, and increased expression of muscle atrophy-associated ubiquitin ligases (Atrogin-1, MuRF-1, and Cbl-b). Carnosine (20 mM) treatment significantly improved the myotube diameter and MyHC protein expression level in Dex-treated C2C12 myotubes. It also downregulated the expression of Atrogin-1, MuRF-1, and Cbl-b and suppressed the expression of forkhead box O3 (FoxO3a) mediated by Dex. Furthermore, reactive oxygen species production was increased by Dex but was ameliorated by carnosine treatment. However, HA (20 mM), the component of carnosine, treatment was found ineffective in preventing Dex-induced protein damage. Therefore, based on above results it can be suggested that carnosine could be a potential therapeutic agent to prevent Dex-induced muscle atrophy compared to its components HA.</p>","PeriodicalId":16624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141468776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kyoko Fujihira, Masaki Takahashi, Ai Iizuka, Hiroyuki Suzuki, Naoyuki Hayashi
This study examined the relationship between the frequency of consuming cold or hot meal/drink during summer and the nutritional status, appetite, and energy intake among Japanese older people. The cross-sectional study was conducted in August 2021, targeting 60 adults aged 65 y and older. The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) was used for nutritional status evaluation, the Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire (SNAQ) for appetite scoring, and food frequency questionnaire to assess energy intake. Participants reported on the frequency of consuming cold or hot meal/drink during the summer. Those who reported consuming hot meals "moderate" (p=0.033) or "frequent" (p=0.005) during summer had a higher BMI than those who reported minimal consumption. Participants who reported "frequent" consumption of hot meals in summer had higher MNA scores than those who reported "minimal" consumption (p=0.014). Participants who reported a "frequent" consumption of hot meals had higher SNAQ scores compared to those who reported "minimal" (p<0.001) or "moderate" (p=0.001). Similarly, participants who reported a "frequent" consumption of hot drinks had higher SNAQ scores than those reporting "minimal" (p=0.021) or "moderate" (p=0.008). The nutritional status and appetite during summer in Japanese older people were associated with the frequency of consuming hot meals and drinks.
{"title":"Summer Nutritional Status and Appetite Are Associated with the Frequency of Hot Meal/Drink Intake among Japanese Older People.","authors":"Kyoko Fujihira, Masaki Takahashi, Ai Iizuka, Hiroyuki Suzuki, Naoyuki Hayashi","doi":"10.3177/jnsv.70.288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3177/jnsv.70.288","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined the relationship between the frequency of consuming cold or hot meal/drink during summer and the nutritional status, appetite, and energy intake among Japanese older people. The cross-sectional study was conducted in August 2021, targeting 60 adults aged 65 y and older. The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) was used for nutritional status evaluation, the Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire (SNAQ) for appetite scoring, and food frequency questionnaire to assess energy intake. Participants reported on the frequency of consuming cold or hot meal/drink during the summer. Those who reported consuming hot meals \"moderate\" (p=0.033) or \"frequent\" (p=0.005) during summer had a higher BMI than those who reported minimal consumption. Participants who reported \"frequent\" consumption of hot meals in summer had higher MNA scores than those who reported \"minimal\" consumption (p=0.014). Participants who reported a \"frequent\" consumption of hot meals had higher SNAQ scores compared to those who reported \"minimal\" (p<0.001) or \"moderate\" (p=0.001). Similarly, participants who reported a \"frequent\" consumption of hot drinks had higher SNAQ scores than those reporting \"minimal\" (p=0.021) or \"moderate\" (p=0.008). The nutritional status and appetite during summer in Japanese older people were associated with the frequency of consuming hot meals and drinks.</p>","PeriodicalId":16624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141468735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oleuropein aglycone (OA), which is the absorbed form of oleuropein, is a major phenolic compound in extra virgin olive oil. We analyzed the anti-obesity effect of OA intake combined with mild treadmill walking (MTW, 4 m/min for 20 min/d, 5-6 d/wk, without electric shocks and slope) in rats under a high-fat diet (HF). Four-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=28) were equally divided into four groups: control (HF), 0.08% oleuropein-supplemented HF (HFO), HF with MTW (HF+W), and HFO with MTW (HFO+W) groups. After 28 d, the inguinal subcutaneous fat content and weight gain were significantly lower in the HFO+W group than in the control group. The HFO+W group also had significantly higher levels of urinary noradrenaline secretion, interscapular brown adipose tissue, uncoupling protein 1, brain transient receptor potential ankyrin subtype 1 (TRPA1), vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) than the control group. Especially, the HFO+W group showed a synergistic effect on noradrenaline secretion. Therefore, OA combined with MTW may accelerate the enhancement of UCP1 and BDNF levels in rats with HF-induced obesity by increasing noradrenaline secretion after TRPA1 and TRPV1 activation.
油菜素苷元(OA)是油菜素的吸收形式,是特级初榨橄榄油中的一种主要酚类化合物。我们分析了在高脂饮食(HF)条件下,大鼠摄入 OA 与轻度跑步机行走(MTW,4 米/分钟,20 分钟/天,5-6 天/周,无电击和斜坡)相结合的抗肥胖效果。将4周大的雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠(n=28)平均分为4组:对照组(HF)、添加0.08%油菜素的HF组(HFO)、HF加MTW组(HF+W)和HFO加MTW组(HFO+W)。28 d后,HFO+W组腹股沟皮下脂肪含量和体重增加显著低于对照组。HFO+W组的尿去甲肾上腺素分泌量、肩胛间棕色脂肪组织、解偶联蛋白1、脑瞬时受体电位锑蛋白亚型1(TRPA1)、香草素亚型1(TRPV1)和脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)的水平也明显高于对照组。特别是,HFO+W 组对去甲肾上腺素分泌有协同作用。因此,OA与MTW联用可通过增加TRPA1和TRPV1激活后的去甲肾上腺素分泌,加速提高高频诱导肥胖大鼠的UCP1和BDNF水平。
{"title":"Effect of Oleuropein on Anti-Obesity and Uncoupling Protein 1 Level in Brown Adipose Tissue in Mild Treadmill Walking Rats with Diet-Induced Obesity.","authors":"Yuriko Oi-Kano, Tsuyoshi Goto, Haruya Takahashi, Yusaku Iwasaki, Teruo Kawada","doi":"10.3177/jnsv.70.193","DOIUrl":"10.3177/jnsv.70.193","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oleuropein aglycone (OA), which is the absorbed form of oleuropein, is a major phenolic compound in extra virgin olive oil. We analyzed the anti-obesity effect of OA intake combined with mild treadmill walking (MTW, 4 m/min for 20 min/d, 5-6 d/wk, without electric shocks and slope) in rats under a high-fat diet (HF). Four-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=28) were equally divided into four groups: control (HF), 0.08% oleuropein-supplemented HF (HFO), HF with MTW (HF+W), and HFO with MTW (HFO+W) groups. After 28 d, the inguinal subcutaneous fat content and weight gain were significantly lower in the HFO+W group than in the control group. The HFO+W group also had significantly higher levels of urinary noradrenaline secretion, interscapular brown adipose tissue, uncoupling protein 1, brain transient receptor potential ankyrin subtype 1 (TRPA1), vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) than the control group. Especially, the HFO+W group showed a synergistic effect on noradrenaline secretion. Therefore, OA combined with MTW may accelerate the enhancement of UCP1 and BDNF levels in rats with HF-induced obesity by increasing noradrenaline secretion after TRPA1 and TRPV1 activation.</p>","PeriodicalId":16624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141468770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Takako Suzuki, Kazuharu Suzuki, Jun Takahashi, Yukio Nakamura
We investigated the effects of short-term dietary zinc deficiency on zinc and calcium metabolism. Four-week-old male Wistar rats were divided into two pair-fed groups for a 1-wk treatment: zinc-deficient group (ZD, 1 ppm); control group (PF, 30 ppm). The mRNA expression of zinc transporters, such as Slc39a (Zip) 4, Zip5, Zip10, and Slc30a (ZnT) 1, in various tissues (liver, kidney, and duodenum) quickly responded to dietary zinc deficiency. Although there was no significant difference in serum calcium concentrations between the PF and ZD groups, serum 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25(OH)2D3) was higher in the ZD group than in the PF group. Moreover, short-term zinc deficiency significantly increased mRNA expression of transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channel subfamily vanilloid (V) member 6, S100 calcium binding protein G (S100g), and ATPase plasma membrane Ca2+ transporting 1 (Atp2b1) in the duodenum. Furthermore, short-term zinc deficiency increased vitamin D receptor (VDR) and cytochrome P450 family 24 subfamily A member 1 (Cyp24a1) mRNA expression in the kidney. These findings suggested that short-term zinc deficiency maintains serum calcium concentrations through Ca absorption-related gene expression in the duodenum, and that short-term zinc deficiency induced the expression of Cyp24a1 in kidney in response to an increase in the serum 1,25(OH)2D3 level.
{"title":"A Short-Term Zinc-Deficient Diet Maintains Serum Calcium Concentrations through Ca Absorption-Related Gene Expression in Rats.","authors":"Takako Suzuki, Kazuharu Suzuki, Jun Takahashi, Yukio Nakamura","doi":"10.3177/jnsv.70.82","DOIUrl":"10.3177/jnsv.70.82","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We investigated the effects of short-term dietary zinc deficiency on zinc and calcium metabolism. Four-week-old male Wistar rats were divided into two pair-fed groups for a 1-wk treatment: zinc-deficient group (ZD, 1 ppm); control group (PF, 30 ppm). The mRNA expression of zinc transporters, such as Slc39a (Zip) 4, Zip5, Zip10, and Slc30a (ZnT) 1, in various tissues (liver, kidney, and duodenum) quickly responded to dietary zinc deficiency. Although there was no significant difference in serum calcium concentrations between the PF and ZD groups, serum 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25(OH)<sub>2</sub>D<sub>3</sub>) was higher in the ZD group than in the PF group. Moreover, short-term zinc deficiency significantly increased mRNA expression of transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channel subfamily vanilloid (V) member 6, S100 calcium binding protein G (S100g), and ATPase plasma membrane Ca2<sup>+</sup> transporting 1 (Atp2b1) in the duodenum. Furthermore, short-term zinc deficiency increased vitamin D receptor (VDR) and cytochrome P450 family 24 subfamily A member 1 (Cyp24a1) mRNA expression in the kidney. These findings suggested that short-term zinc deficiency maintains serum calcium concentrations through Ca absorption-related gene expression in the duodenum, and that short-term zinc deficiency induced the expression of Cyp24a1 in kidney in response to an increase in the serum 1,25(OH)<sub>2</sub>D<sub>3</sub> level.</p>","PeriodicalId":16624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139990353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin that plays fundamental roles in neuronal survival and synaptic plasticity. Its upregulation in the brain can effectively prevent and treat central nervous system (CNS) diseases, including depression, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD). BDNF is synthesized in various peripheral tissues as well as in the brain and can be transported from peripheral circulation into the brain through the blood-brain barrier. Therefore, foods that upregulate BDNF in peripheral tissues may be beneficial in preventing and treating these CNS diseases. Previously, we revealed that treatment with Chinpi (Citrus unshiu peel) and Citrus natsudaidai increased BDNF levels in the human renal adenocarcinoma cell line ACHN. Here, we evaluated the effects of 21 citrus cultivars on BDNF production in ACHN cells by measuring BDNF levels in the cell culture medium. We found that treatment with peels and pulps of 13 citrus varieties increased BDNF levels in ACHN cells. Treatment with Aurantium, Acrumen, and their hybrids citrus varieties showed a potent BDNF-upregulating effect but not with varieties belonging to Limonellus, Citrophorum, and Cephalocitrus. In addition, treatment with some of those Acrumen and its hybrid citrus species resulted in elevated levels of BDNF transcripts in ACHN cells. These results suggest that peels of many citrus cultivars contain ingredients with a potential BDNF-upregulating ability, which may be novel drug seeds for treating depression, AD, and PD. Furthermore, many citrus cultivars could be used as BDNF-upregulating foods.
{"title":"Upregulation Effect of Citrus Species on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor.","authors":"Kensuke Nakajima, Ahreum Han, Arisa Kayano, Shigeru Oiso","doi":"10.3177/jnsv.70.61","DOIUrl":"10.3177/jnsv.70.61","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin that plays fundamental roles in neuronal survival and synaptic plasticity. Its upregulation in the brain can effectively prevent and treat central nervous system (CNS) diseases, including depression, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD). BDNF is synthesized in various peripheral tissues as well as in the brain and can be transported from peripheral circulation into the brain through the blood-brain barrier. Therefore, foods that upregulate BDNF in peripheral tissues may be beneficial in preventing and treating these CNS diseases. Previously, we revealed that treatment with Chinpi (Citrus unshiu peel) and Citrus natsudaidai increased BDNF levels in the human renal adenocarcinoma cell line ACHN. Here, we evaluated the effects of 21 citrus cultivars on BDNF production in ACHN cells by measuring BDNF levels in the cell culture medium. We found that treatment with peels and pulps of 13 citrus varieties increased BDNF levels in ACHN cells. Treatment with Aurantium, Acrumen, and their hybrids citrus varieties showed a potent BDNF-upregulating effect but not with varieties belonging to Limonellus, Citrophorum, and Cephalocitrus. In addition, treatment with some of those Acrumen and its hybrid citrus species resulted in elevated levels of BDNF transcripts in ACHN cells. These results suggest that peels of many citrus cultivars contain ingredients with a potential BDNF-upregulating ability, which may be novel drug seeds for treating depression, AD, and PD. Furthermore, many citrus cultivars could be used as BDNF-upregulating foods.</p>","PeriodicalId":16624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139990380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dishcook is a new cooking system that allows individual cooking using a dedicated induction heater. This study investigated whether Dishcook use affects the nutritional value of individuals with intellectual disabilities. This study was conducted on users receiving support from a continuous-employment office in Obama City, Fukui Prefecture, in 2022. Of these participants, 18 (seven women and 11 men) who requested the use of the Dishcook were included in the analysis. The study period was from January to August 2023. The mean age was 48.72±16.24 y. A significant increase in the overall phase angles of the limbs was observed. Triglyceride, LDL cholesterol, HbA1c, and serum zinc levels improved in patients who used the Dishcook. The phase angle obtained using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis also improved, indicating the usefulness of the Dishcook in treating metabolic diseases and the possibility of individualized nutritional management.
{"title":"Individualized Nutritional Management Using Dishcook Improves Nutrition Status Markers in Patients with Intellectual Disability.","authors":"Yuki Niida, Hidenori Onishi, Hirohiko Ohama, Hiromasa Tsubouchi, Akemi Koujimoto, Yasutaka Mizukami, Tomoko Okamoto, Masamichi Ikawa, Masafumi Kubota, Mayu Takebe, Naoko Takaku, Kino Tsuji, Chizu Kawahara, Taisei Inoue, Daiki Hasegawa, Yoshihiro Nakamori, Takeshi Hirobe, Osamu Yamamura","doi":"10.3177/jnsv.70.352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3177/jnsv.70.352","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dishcook is a new cooking system that allows individual cooking using a dedicated induction heater. This study investigated whether Dishcook use affects the nutritional value of individuals with intellectual disabilities. This study was conducted on users receiving support from a continuous-employment office in Obama City, Fukui Prefecture, in 2022. Of these participants, 18 (seven women and 11 men) who requested the use of the Dishcook were included in the analysis. The study period was from January to August 2023. The mean age was 48.72±16.24 y. A significant increase in the overall phase angles of the limbs was observed. Triglyceride, LDL cholesterol, HbA1c, and serum zinc levels improved in patients who used the Dishcook. The phase angle obtained using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis also improved, indicating the usefulness of the Dishcook in treating metabolic diseases and the possibility of individualized nutritional management.</p>","PeriodicalId":16624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142108374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antioxidant vitamin intake has been reported to be associated with decreased risk of cardiovascular diseases. To date, however, no study has examined the association between antioxidant vitamin intake and LOX-index, a predictive biomarker of cardiovascular disease. We investigated the cross-sectional association between antioxidant vitamin (α-carotene, β-carotene, α-tocopherol, and vitamin C) intake and LOX-index in Japanese municipal workers. Participants were 346 workers (171 men and 175 women aged 19-71 y) who received a health check-up and participated in a nutrition and health survey. Antioxidant vitamin intake was assessed using a validated brief self-administered diet history questionnaire. LOX-index was calculated by multiplying serum concentrations of the soluble form of lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor 1 by those of LOX-1 ligands containing apolipoprotein B. Multiple regression analysis was used to estimate the geometric mean of LOX-index according to tertile of each antioxidant vitamin intake. Overall, α-carotene, β-carotene, α-tocopherol, and vitamin C intake were not associated with LOX-index. However, in stratified analyses by sex, geometric means of LOX-index tended to decrease with antioxidant vitamin intake in women, but not in men. The geometric means of LOX-index for the lowest through highest tertile of α-carotene intake were 771 (604-984), 639 (511-799), and 564 (469-677) (p for trend=0.07). Our results suggest that there is no association between antioxidant vitamin intake and LOX-index in Japanese workers. The suggestive inverse association between antioxidant vitamin intake and LOX-index in women warrants further investigation.
{"title":"Antioxidant Vitamin Intake and LOX-Index in Japanese Municipal Workers.","authors":"Mirai Sakanari, Masanori Ohta, Mayumi Nagano, Yoko Umeki, Akiko Nanri","doi":"10.3177/jnsv.70.36","DOIUrl":"10.3177/jnsv.70.36","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antioxidant vitamin intake has been reported to be associated with decreased risk of cardiovascular diseases. To date, however, no study has examined the association between antioxidant vitamin intake and LOX-index, a predictive biomarker of cardiovascular disease. We investigated the cross-sectional association between antioxidant vitamin (α-carotene, β-carotene, α-tocopherol, and vitamin C) intake and LOX-index in Japanese municipal workers. Participants were 346 workers (171 men and 175 women aged 19-71 y) who received a health check-up and participated in a nutrition and health survey. Antioxidant vitamin intake was assessed using a validated brief self-administered diet history questionnaire. LOX-index was calculated by multiplying serum concentrations of the soluble form of lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor 1 by those of LOX-1 ligands containing apolipoprotein B. Multiple regression analysis was used to estimate the geometric mean of LOX-index according to tertile of each antioxidant vitamin intake. Overall, α-carotene, β-carotene, α-tocopherol, and vitamin C intake were not associated with LOX-index. However, in stratified analyses by sex, geometric means of LOX-index tended to decrease with antioxidant vitamin intake in women, but not in men. The geometric means of LOX-index for the lowest through highest tertile of α-carotene intake were 771 (604-984), 639 (511-799), and 564 (469-677) (p for trend=0.07). Our results suggest that there is no association between antioxidant vitamin intake and LOX-index in Japanese workers. The suggestive inverse association between antioxidant vitamin intake and LOX-index in women warrants further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":16624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139990354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Determining the optimal body weight for individuals with severe motor and intellectual disabilities (SMID) lacks a standardized approach. In this study, we aimed to develop a formula to estimate the ideal body weight for each SMID patient, considering factors such as reduced muscle and bone mass. We analyzed data from 111 SMID patients (56 male, 55 female; age range 20 to 73 y) who underwent blood tests measuring creatinine (Cr) and cystatin C (cysC) for clinical reasons between Feb. 2018 and Feb. 2023. To create the optimal body weight formula, we utilized three variables: height, estimated glomerular filtration (eGFR)-Cr, and eGFR-cysC. The validity of the formula was assessed by comparing the measured triceps subcutaneous fat thickness (TSF) to the reference TSF (%TSF), evaluating how accurately it reflects the appropriate physique. The derived optimal body weight formula is as follows: Optimal body weight=(height)2×(18.5-25.0)×{1-0.41×(1-eGFR-cysC/eGFR-Cr)}×0.93. Our formula demonstrated validity when using %TSF as an indicator. Establishing a method to determine optimal body weight in SMID patients, considering their low muscle and bone mass, is crucial for accurate nutritional assessment and subsequent nutritional management.
确定严重运动障碍和智力障碍(SMID)患者的最佳体重缺乏标准化方法。在这项研究中,考虑到肌肉和骨骼质量下降等因素,我们旨在开发一种公式来估算每位重度运动与智力障碍患者的理想体重。我们分析了111名SMID患者(56名男性,55名女性;年龄在20至73岁之间)的数据,这些患者在2018年2月至2023年2月期间因临床原因接受了测量肌酐(Cr)和胱抑素C(cysC)的血液检测。为了创建最佳体重公式,我们利用了三个变量:身高、估计肾小球滤过率(eGFR)-Cr 和 eGFR-cysC。通过比较测量的肱三头肌皮下脂肪厚度(TSF)和参考TSF(%TSF),评估了公式的有效性,评价了公式反映适当体质的准确程度。得出的最佳体重公式如下:Optimal body weight=(height)2×(18.5-25.0)×{1-0.41×(1-eGFR-cysC/eGFR-Cr)}×0.93.我们的计算公式证明了使用 %TSF 作为指标的有效性。考虑到 SMID 患者肌肉和骨骼质量较低,建立一种确定其最佳体重的方法对于准确的营养评估和后续的营养管理至关重要。
{"title":"Optimal Body Weights for Adults with Severe Motor and Intellectual Disabilities.","authors":"Osamu Uemura, Yuki Oshio, Yuka Hasegawa, Hideaki Nakashima, Kiyomi Hattori, Yoshihiro Otobe","doi":"10.3177/jnsv.70.248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3177/jnsv.70.248","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Determining the optimal body weight for individuals with severe motor and intellectual disabilities (SMID) lacks a standardized approach. In this study, we aimed to develop a formula to estimate the ideal body weight for each SMID patient, considering factors such as reduced muscle and bone mass. We analyzed data from 111 SMID patients (56 male, 55 female; age range 20 to 73 y) who underwent blood tests measuring creatinine (Cr) and cystatin C (cysC) for clinical reasons between Feb. 2018 and Feb. 2023. To create the optimal body weight formula, we utilized three variables: height, estimated glomerular filtration (eGFR)-Cr, and eGFR-cysC. The validity of the formula was assessed by comparing the measured triceps subcutaneous fat thickness (TSF) to the reference TSF (%TSF), evaluating how accurately it reflects the appropriate physique. The derived optimal body weight formula is as follows: Optimal body weight=(height)<sup>2</sup>×(18.5-25.0)×{1-0.41×(1-eGFR-cysC/eGFR-Cr)}×0.93. Our formula demonstrated validity when using %TSF as an indicator. Establishing a method to determine optimal body weight in SMID patients, considering their low muscle and bone mass, is crucial for accurate nutritional assessment and subsequent nutritional management.</p>","PeriodicalId":16624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141468734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alaska pollack protein (APP), has been reported as a protein source that can enhance muscle hypertrophy more than other protein sources in animal studies. This study aimed to examine the effects of APP ingestion on muscle quantity and quality in young adults. Fifty-five young college students were assigned to two groups: APP and placebo (whey protein: WP) groups, and instructed to ingest 4.5 g of each protein in addition to daily meals, and to maintain their usual daily physical activities for 3 mo. Twenty-one and 23 students completed the intervention and were analyzed in APP and WP groups, respectively. The maximum knee extension torque significantly increased in both groups during the intervention. The motor unit discharge rate, which is an indicator of activation, for a given force level significantly decreased in both groups during the intervention, but its decrease in the APP group was significantly greater than in the WP group. Echo intensity of the vastus lateralis evaluated by ultrasound images significantly decreased in both groups. The muscle thickness and skeletal muscle mass did not change. Small amount of additional APP intake induces greater effects on neural activation than WP, suggesting the greater neural economy of generation of force.
{"title":"Effects of Alaska Pollack Protein Ingestion on Neuromuscular Adaptation in Young Healthy Adults: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial.","authors":"Tetsuya Hirono, Saeko Ueda, Eriko Yoshida, Kenji Uchida, Aleš Holobar, Yukiko Mita, Kohei Watanabe","doi":"10.3177/jnsv.70.228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3177/jnsv.70.228","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alaska pollack protein (APP), has been reported as a protein source that can enhance muscle hypertrophy more than other protein sources in animal studies. This study aimed to examine the effects of APP ingestion on muscle quantity and quality in young adults. Fifty-five young college students were assigned to two groups: APP and placebo (whey protein: WP) groups, and instructed to ingest 4.5 g of each protein in addition to daily meals, and to maintain their usual daily physical activities for 3 mo. Twenty-one and 23 students completed the intervention and were analyzed in APP and WP groups, respectively. The maximum knee extension torque significantly increased in both groups during the intervention. The motor unit discharge rate, which is an indicator of activation, for a given force level significantly decreased in both groups during the intervention, but its decrease in the APP group was significantly greater than in the WP group. Echo intensity of the vastus lateralis evaluated by ultrasound images significantly decreased in both groups. The muscle thickness and skeletal muscle mass did not change. Small amount of additional APP intake induces greater effects on neural activation than WP, suggesting the greater neural economy of generation of force.</p>","PeriodicalId":16624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141468771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chronic inflammation in adipose tissue is thought to contribute to insulin resistance, which involves the gut microbiota. Our previous studies have demonstrated that ingestion of 1-kestose can alter the gut microbiota composition, increase cecal butyrate levels, and improve insulin resistance in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats. Additionally, we found that 1-kestose supplementation ameliorated insulin resistance in obese rat models fed a high-fat diet (HFD), although the effects of 1-kestose on the abundance of inflammation-related gene in adipose tissue and gut microbiota composition in these rats were not explored. This study aimed to investigate the impact of 1-kestose on these parameters in HFD-fed rats, compared to OLETF rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two dietary groups, control or HFD, for 19 wk. Each group was further subdivided to receive either tap water or tap water supplemented with 2% (w/v) 1-kestose throughout the study. We evaluated gene expression in adipose tissue, as well as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) levels and microbial composition in the cecum contents. 1-Kestose intake restored the increased relative abundance of tumor necrosis factor (Tnf) mRNA in adipose tissue and the reduced level of butyrate in the cecum contents of HFD-fed rats to those observed in control diet-fed rats. Additionally, 1-kestose consumption changed the composition of the gut microbiota, increasing Butyricicoccus spp., decreasing UGC-005 and Streptococcus spp., in the cecum contents of HFD-fed rats. Our findings suggest that 1-kestose supplementation reduces adipose tissue inflammation and increases butyrate levels in the gut of HFD-fed rats, associated with changes in the gut microbiota composition, distinct from those seen in OLETF rats.
{"title":"The Effects of 1-Kestose on the Abundance of Inflammation-Related Gene mRNA in Adipose Tissue and the Gut Microbiota Composition in Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet.","authors":"Kento Kuramitsu, Yoshihiro Kadota, Ayako Watanabe, Akihito Endo, Yoshiharu Shimomura, Yasuyuki Kitaura","doi":"10.3177/jnsv.70.311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3177/jnsv.70.311","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic inflammation in adipose tissue is thought to contribute to insulin resistance, which involves the gut microbiota. Our previous studies have demonstrated that ingestion of 1-kestose can alter the gut microbiota composition, increase cecal butyrate levels, and improve insulin resistance in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats. Additionally, we found that 1-kestose supplementation ameliorated insulin resistance in obese rat models fed a high-fat diet (HFD), although the effects of 1-kestose on the abundance of inflammation-related gene in adipose tissue and gut microbiota composition in these rats were not explored. This study aimed to investigate the impact of 1-kestose on these parameters in HFD-fed rats, compared to OLETF rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two dietary groups, control or HFD, for 19 wk. Each group was further subdivided to receive either tap water or tap water supplemented with 2% (w/v) 1-kestose throughout the study. We evaluated gene expression in adipose tissue, as well as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) levels and microbial composition in the cecum contents. 1-Kestose intake restored the increased relative abundance of tumor necrosis factor (Tnf) mRNA in adipose tissue and the reduced level of butyrate in the cecum contents of HFD-fed rats to those observed in control diet-fed rats. Additionally, 1-kestose consumption changed the composition of the gut microbiota, increasing Butyricicoccus spp., decreasing UGC-005 and Streptococcus spp., in the cecum contents of HFD-fed rats. Our findings suggest that 1-kestose supplementation reduces adipose tissue inflammation and increases butyrate levels in the gut of HFD-fed rats, associated with changes in the gut microbiota composition, distinct from those seen in OLETF rats.</p>","PeriodicalId":16624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142108378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}