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20th International Congress on Instrumentation in Aerospace Simulation Facilities, 2003. ICIASF '03.最新文献

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Transition detection by temperature sensitive paint at cryogenic temperatures in the European Transonic Wind tunnel (ETW) 低温下欧洲跨声速风洞(ETW)温度敏感涂料转变检测
U. Fey, R. Engler, Y. Egami, Y. Iijima, Keisuke Asai, Ulrich. Jansen, J. Quest
The identification of laminar-turbulent boundary layer transition on wind tunnel models provides essential data for modern wing design. However, simulating true flight Reynolds numbers with scaled models requires the use of cryogenic wind tunnels. Transition detection in 'warm' wind tunnels can be realized using commercially available IR cameras. In parallel, the temperature sensitive paint (TSP) technique is well established as an additional tool. In cryogenic testing, IR imaging becomes more difficult because of the reduction in radiated energy and the shift to longer wavelengths. Therefore, the TSP technique has become a promising alternative here. However, applying temperature sensitive paint in a large-scale cryogenic wind tunnel like the European Transonic Wind tunnel (ETW) needs specific modification of existing TSP formulations. Cooperative tests in the ETW therefore were performed by DLR and NAL (Japan). In these measurements, NAL's paint and DLR's mobile PSP/TSP system for data acquisition and evaluation were used. Some efforts were made to adapt the system to specific conditions given at the ETW wind tunnel. So for the first time it was successfully realized to perform a TSP luminescent paint test at cryogenic temperatures in a commercial wind tunnel.
在风洞模型上对层流边界层过渡的识别为现代机翼设计提供了必要的数据。然而,用比例模型模拟真实的飞行雷诺数需要使用低温风洞。“温暖”风洞中的过渡检测可以使用商用红外相机实现。与此同时,温度敏感涂料(TSP)技术作为一种额外的工具已经得到了很好的确立。在低温测试中,红外成像变得更加困难,因为辐射能量的减少和波长的延长。因此,TSP技术已成为一个有前途的替代方案。然而,在欧洲跨音速风洞(ETW)等大型低温风洞中应用温度敏感涂料需要对现有TSP配方进行特定修改。因此,ETW的合作试验由DLR和NAL(日本)进行。在这些测量中,使用NAL的油漆和DLR的移动PSP/TSP系统进行数据采集和评估。为使该系统适应ETW风洞的具体条件作出了一些努力。因此,首次成功实现了在商业风洞中低温下进行TSP发光涂料测试。
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引用次数: 60
Multi-window PIV for high-lift measurements 用于高升力测量的多窗口PIV
A. Arnott, G. Schneider, Klaus-Peter Neitzke, J. Agocs, B. Sammler, A. Schroder, J. Kompenhans
Experiments using multi-window, particle image velocimetry (PIV) were performed in the low-speed wind tunnel of Airbus Bremen, Germany, over a two-dimensional, slat/wing/flap model in a high-lift configuration. For this, a system for acquiring PIV data from multiple cameras simultaneously was devised and installed underneath the LSWT. The PIV experiments were performed at the mid-span of the model, for incidences of 12/spl deg/, 17.5/spl deg/ & 19/spl deg/. Nearly 5000 PIV images were obtained during the tests, the images capturing the flowfields from the slat wake, slat/wing gap, flow mixing over the main wing, wing/flap-gap and wing wake. The analysis of the results reveals that such a technique is a viable and valuable tool for industrial wind tunnel tests, with high quality data showing the unsteady nature of the slat wake and slat gap flow with distance downstream and unsteady flow separation over the flap.
采用多窗口粒子图像测速技术(PIV)在德国空客不来梅低速风洞中进行了高升力配置的二维板条/机翼/襟翼模型实验。为此,设计了一个系统,用于同时从多个摄像机获取PIV数据,并安装在LSWT下方。PIV实验在模型跨度中进行,发生率分别为12/spl deg/、17.5/spl deg/和19/spl deg/。试验共获得近5000幅PIV图像,图像捕捉了板条尾迹、板条/机翼间隙、主机翼上的混合流场、机翼/襟翼间隙和机翼尾迹。结果分析表明,该技术是一种可行且有价值的工业风洞试验工具,具有高质量的数据显示了板条尾迹和板条间隙流随下游距离的非定常性以及在襟翼上的非定常流分离。
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引用次数: 9
The interaction of streamwise vortex with a shock wave 湍流涡旋与激波的相互作用
V. Zudov, A. Shevchenko, P. Tretyakov
Experimental investigation of a longitudinal vortex/normal shock interaction is conducted at Mach numbers of 3, 4 and 6. The fields of total pressures in the core of a longitudinal vortex and its neighbourhood are obtained. The optical visualization of flow structure in an interaction region is executed. The strongly unsteady character of interaction process is detected. The numerical modeling of the streamwise vortex interaction with the oblique and normal shock wave was solved using three-dimension unsteady Euler and Navier - Stokes equations. Results of an experimental study of the region of interaction of a plane shock wave arising in the flow around a wedge and an axisymmetric shock wave formed by counterflow injection with a jet wake formed by co-current injection of gases (H2, air, Ar). Three interaction modes are distinguished, depending on the gas-jet parameters: strong interaction with a subsonic velocity in the wake, moderate interaction with the formation of a subsonic flow region bounded by the shock wave whose shape is close to conical, and neutral interaction where the dynamic pressure in the jet is sufficient to overcome the pressure difference on the shock wave.
在马赫数为3、4和6时,对纵向涡/法向激波相互作用进行了实验研究。得到了纵向涡旋核心及其邻近区域的总压场。实现了相互作用区域内流动结构的光学可视化。检测了相互作用过程的强非定常特征。采用三维非定常欧拉方程和纳维-斯托克斯方程求解了流向涡与斜激波和正激波相互作用的数值模拟。楔形流动中产生的平面激波与逆流注入形成的轴对称激波与共流注入气体(H2、空气、Ar)形成的射流尾迹相互作用区域的实验研究结果。根据气体射流参数的不同,可以区分出三种相互作用模式:与尾迹中亚音速速度的强相互作用,与激波形状接近锥形的亚音速流区形成的中度相互作用,以及中性相互作用,射流中的动压力足以克服激波上的压力差。
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引用次数: 2
Advancement of 2D profile testing at high Reynolds number in the cryogenic wind tunnel Cologne 低温风洞高雷诺数二维剖面测试研究进展
Junnai Zhai, R. Rebstock
The design and optimization of 2D profiles play a decisive role in the enhancement of the overall performance of an aircraft. Though there are a large series of profiles available with detailed test data, for a high performance aircraft the profiles must be specially designed. Thus there is a need for the 2D profile testing in wind tunnels at high Reynolds numbers. In order to meet this need, the cryogenic wind tunnel Cologne (DNW-KKK) has developed the 2D profile measuring technique for cryogenic conditions. In the first 2D test setup the profile is only driven at one end by a servomotor. This can not prevent the profile from twisting under the thermal and aerodynamic load. The 2D support is thus modified from a one motor drive system into a synchronized two motor drive systems. Boundary layer blowing is used in DNW-KKK to control the boundary layer at the intersection areas between the profile and the tunnel walls, so that the flow around the profile is two dimensional. Besides the pressure measurement, infrared thermograph, laser velocimetry and dynamic measurement using kulite have been performed. With these techniques the requirements of 2D measurements can be met. For a better preparation of the profile tests and wall correction in our wind tunnel, we have investigated the characteristics of the profiles with numerical methods before the test. We have computed the polar under the two different far field boundary conditions: solid walls and infinite flow. The difference of these two polar is then the wind tunnel wall effect. We have compared this difference with the effect calculated by our wall correction method. The comparison shows that the wall correction method used is correct. Up to now various 2D profiles, such as laminar, high lift, high speed profiles and profiles for windmills have been tested in DNW-KKK. The repeatability of the measurements is very high.
二维型线的设计与优化对飞机整体性能的提高起着决定性的作用。虽然有大量具有详细测试数据的轮廓线,但对于高性能飞机来说,这些轮廓线必须经过专门设计。因此,有必要在高雷诺数风洞中进行二维剖面试验。为了满足这一需求,科隆低温风洞(DNW-KKK)开发了低温条件下的二维剖面测量技术。在第一个2D测试设置中,配置文件仅在一端由伺服电机驱动。这并不能阻止型材在热载荷和气动载荷下的扭曲。因此,将2D支架从单电机驱动系统修改为同步双电机驱动系统。DNW-KKK采用边界层吹风控制型线与隧道壁相交区域的边界层,使型线周围的流动为二维流动。除压力测量外,还进行了红外热像仪、激光测速和库利特动态测量。利用这些技术可以满足二维测量的要求。为了更好地准备我们的风洞剖面试验和壁面校正,我们在试验前用数值方法研究了剖面的特性。我们计算了固体壁和无限流两种远场边界条件下的极坐标。这两个极值的差别就是风洞壁面效应。我们将这种差异与我们的墙体修正法计算的效果进行了比较。对比表明所采用的墙体校正方法是正确的。到目前为止,DNW-KKK已经测试了各种2D剖面,如层流、高升力、高速剖面和风车剖面。测量的可重复性非常高。
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引用次数: 3
Optical skin friction measurements in the short-duration Ludwieg tube facility 短时间路德维格管设备的光学表面摩擦测量
E. Schulein
The utilization of image acquisition, image processing and skin friction computations has been developed to support skin friction measurements at the Ludwieg-tube facility at DLR. Verification of the oil-film-interferometry technique with analytical tests at different flows with given shear stress distributions showed its advantages and handicaps for skin friction measurements in 3D gradient flows. The abilities of the thin oil film technique with its application in a short duration wind tunnel are demonstrated on some 2D and 3D shock wave / turbulent boundary layer interaction flows.
利用图像采集、图像处理和表面摩擦计算,支持DLR Ludwieg-tube设施的表面摩擦测量。在给定剪切应力分布的不同流动条件下,通过分析试验验证了油膜干涉测量技术在三维梯度流动中测量表面摩擦的优点和缺点。通过对二维和三维激波/湍流边界层相互作用流的实验,验证了油膜技术在短持续时间风洞中的应用。
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引用次数: 7
Application of particle image velocimetry under cryogenic conditions 粒子图像测速在低温条件下的应用
H. Richard, W. Becker, S. Loose, M. Thimm, Johannes Bosbach, M. Raffel
Cryogenic investigations of the trailing vortices of large future transport aircrafts have been performed on an aircraft half-model with different wing tip devices. The model has been installed in the cryogenic wind tunnel (KKK) of the German-Dutch wind tunnels (DNW) in Cologne. During the tests, PIV flow field measurements have been performed in addition to conventional force, moment, and pressure distribution measurements. The measurements of the velocity field gave an insight into important aerodynamic effects as, for example, the dependents of vortex strength with changing angles of incidence as well as the differences in the spatial vorticity distribution in the wake. The PIV technique offers special advantages for the investigation of those wakes at very low temperatures, but also yields to special experimental difficulties, which are also described in this article.
采用不同翼尖装置的飞机半模型对未来大型运输机的尾涡进行了低温研究。该模型已安装在科隆德荷风洞(DNW)的低温风洞(KKK)中。在测试过程中,除了常规的力、力矩和压力分布测量外,还进行了PIV流场测量。速度场的测量使我们对重要的空气动力学效应有了深入的了解,例如,随着入射角的变化,涡强度的依赖性以及尾迹中空间涡度分布的差异。PIV技术为极低温尾迹的研究提供了特殊的优势,但也产生了特殊的实验困难,本文也对此进行了描述。
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引用次数: 13
Trailing vortex detection and quantitative evaluation of vortex characteristics by PIV technique 基于PIV技术的尾涡探测与涡特性定量评价
F. Albano, F. De Gregorio, A. Ragni
This paper summarises the activities performed in order to investigate the formation, motion and persistence of trailing vortices released by large commercial aircraft. Two different experimental test campaigns were carried out in two different large towing tank facilities performing PIV measurements. The lesson learned by the first investigation and by the experience of the scientific community, the solution adopted in order to characterise the wake vortex by the initial formation phase down to wake collapsing in the far-wake region are illustrated. Together with the adopted technical solution, with the selected experimental facility and with the improved measurement system, a particular care is taken: on the data analysis description, on the importance of advanced PIV algorithms and on the selected postprocessing methods for evaluating the main magnitudes characterising the vortex structures.
本文总结了为研究大型商用飞机释放的尾涡的形成、运动和持续而进行的活动。在两个不同的大型拖曳储罐设施中进行了两个不同的实验测试活动,进行了PIV测量。根据第一次调查的经验和科学界的经验,说明了从尾流初始形成阶段到尾流在远尾流区域崩溃的尾流涡特征所采用的解决方案。与采用的技术解决方案、选定的实验设备和改进的测量系统一起,特别注意:数据分析描述、先进PIV算法的重要性和选定的后处理方法,以评估表征涡旋结构的主要震级。
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引用次数: 7
Recent enhancements to the OSU burst mode laser and MHz rate imaging systems OSU突发模式激光和MHz速率成像系统的最新改进
B. Thurow, N. Jiang, M. Samimy, W. Lempert, G. Switzer, L. Goss
Recent progress in the development of MHz frame flow diagnostics are presented, based on enhancements to a "burst" mode Nd:YAG laser. In particular, a PDV system that can measure velocity over a plane at rates up to 1 MHz is demonstrated, as well initial results from a custom-built Optical Parametric Oscillator, designed specifically for use with the burst mode pump. Production of broadly wavelength tunable pulse trains, with order mJ individual pulse energy and order 1 cm/sup -1/ spectral linewidth is described.
介绍了基于“突发”模式Nd:YAG激光器改进的MHz帧流诊断技术的最新进展。特别是,PDV系统可以测量平面上速度高达1 MHz的速度,以及定制的光学参量振荡器的初步结果,该振荡器专门设计用于突发模式泵浦。描述了宽波长可调脉冲序列的生产,单个脉冲能量为阶mJ,谱线宽度为阶1cm /sup -1/。
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引用次数: 0
Oil-Film interferometry measurement of skin friction - analysis summary and description of Matlab program 油膜干涉法测量皮肤摩擦-分析总结和描述Matlab程序
J. Naughton, J. Robinson, V. Durgesh
The measurement of wall shear stress is increasingly recognized as a critical element of aerodynamic testing. Wall shear stress is necessary to characterize fully a wall-bounded flow, to provide critical information necessary for computational simulations, and to serve as a sensitive quantity for use in flow-control applications. Oil-film interferometry is a method that can be used to measure wall shear stress quickly and accurately, but the analysis of the interferograms is complex and has limited the methods use. OILFILMTOOL is a Matlab program that has been developed to simplify the analysis process. The analysis steps required to determine wall shear stress from an interferogram obtained using oil-film interferometry are discussed, and those methods currently implemented in OILFILMTOOL are highlighted. The application of OILFILMTOOL to interferograms acquired on the surface of a wedge body is discussed. It is hoped that, by implementing the complex analysis process in a simple-to-use program, the use of oil-film interferometry in aerodynamic test facilities will become more widespread.
壁面剪切应力的测量越来越被认为是气动测试的一个重要组成部分。壁面剪切应力是充分表征壁面有界流动的必要条件,为计算模拟提供必要的关键信息,并作为流动控制应用中使用的敏感量。油膜干涉法是一种能够快速、准确地测量管壁剪切应力的方法,但干涉图的分析复杂,限制了该方法的应用。OILFILMTOOL是一个Matlab程序,已开发,以简化分析过程。讨论了从使用油膜干涉法获得的干涉图中确定壁面剪切应力所需的分析步骤,并重点介绍了目前在OILFILMTOOL中实现的方法。讨论了利用OILFILMTOOL对楔形体表面干涉图进行处理的方法。希望通过在一个简单易用的程序中实现复杂的分析过程,油膜干涉测量在气动测试设施中的应用将得到更广泛的应用。
{"title":"Oil-Film interferometry measurement of skin friction - analysis summary and description of Matlab program","authors":"J. Naughton, J. Robinson, V. Durgesh","doi":"10.1109/ICIASF.2003.1274866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIASF.2003.1274866","url":null,"abstract":"The measurement of wall shear stress is increasingly recognized as a critical element of aerodynamic testing. Wall shear stress is necessary to characterize fully a wall-bounded flow, to provide critical information necessary for computational simulations, and to serve as a sensitive quantity for use in flow-control applications. Oil-film interferometry is a method that can be used to measure wall shear stress quickly and accurately, but the analysis of the interferograms is complex and has limited the methods use. OILFILMTOOL is a Matlab program that has been developed to simplify the analysis process. The analysis steps required to determine wall shear stress from an interferogram obtained using oil-film interferometry are discussed, and those methods currently implemented in OILFILMTOOL are highlighted. The application of OILFILMTOOL to interferograms acquired on the surface of a wedge body is discussed. It is hoped that, by implementing the complex analysis process in a simple-to-use program, the use of oil-film interferometry in aerodynamic test facilities will become more widespread.","PeriodicalId":166420,"journal":{"name":"20th International Congress on Instrumentation in Aerospace Simulation Facilities, 2003. ICIASF '03.","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115422296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
Model deformation measurement in ETW using the Moire technique 利用云纹技术测量ETW模型变形
D. Pallek, K. Butefisch, J. Quest, W. Strudthoff
A non-intrusive Moire Interferometry system has been designed and installed to determine the instantaneous deformation of aircraft models during testing in the European Transonic Windtunnel. The present paper describes the principles of the Moire technique and the experimental set-up of the system. As high accuracy for the measurement of wing twist (<0.1/spl deg/) and wing bending (<0.05 mm) is required, hardware and evaluation software have to be carefully designed. The influence of disturbing effects is discussed in detail, also the solutions to overcome these problems. Measurements of the wing twist of an A 380 type aircraft within the European HiReTT project are described, and results of selected test cases are presented and compared to other experimental and numerical methods.
设计并安装了一套非侵入式云纹干涉测量系统,用于在欧洲跨音速风洞中测试飞机模型的瞬时变形。本文介绍了云纹技术的原理和系统的实验装置。由于对机翼扭转(<0.1/声压角/)和机翼弯曲(<0.05 mm)的测量精度要求很高,因此需要精心设计硬件和评估软件。详细讨论了扰动效应的影响,并提出了克服这些问题的方法。介绍了欧洲HiReTT项目中a380型飞机的机翼扭曲测量,并给出了选定测试用例的结果,并与其他实验和数值方法进行了比较。
{"title":"Model deformation measurement in ETW using the Moire technique","authors":"D. Pallek, K. Butefisch, J. Quest, W. Strudthoff","doi":"10.1109/ICIASF.2003.1274859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIASF.2003.1274859","url":null,"abstract":"A non-intrusive Moire Interferometry system has been designed and installed to determine the instantaneous deformation of aircraft models during testing in the European Transonic Windtunnel. The present paper describes the principles of the Moire technique and the experimental set-up of the system. As high accuracy for the measurement of wing twist (<0.1/spl deg/) and wing bending (<0.05 mm) is required, hardware and evaluation software have to be carefully designed. The influence of disturbing effects is discussed in detail, also the solutions to overcome these problems. Measurements of the wing twist of an A 380 type aircraft within the European HiReTT project are described, and results of selected test cases are presented and compared to other experimental and numerical methods.","PeriodicalId":166420,"journal":{"name":"20th International Congress on Instrumentation in Aerospace Simulation Facilities, 2003. ICIASF '03.","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131219824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 24
期刊
20th International Congress on Instrumentation in Aerospace Simulation Facilities, 2003. ICIASF '03.
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