Pub Date : 1990-04-25DOI: 10.1109/STIER.1990.324628
T. Dorazio
The technology of high phase order (HPO) transmission and its benefits to the power industry are described. Instead of transmitting power with the same number of phases as it was generated, HPO transmission alters the power generated into 6, 9, or even 12 phases. This process results in some unique benefits, which are described. HPO transmission is explained by reviewing the phasor relationships for three, six, and twelve-phase systems. A brief outline of the history of HPO research in the United States is included. An explanation of the reasons behind the environmental benefits as well as technical issues covering the equipment modifications for the conversion is considered. Some of the factors necessary to determine the economic value of HPO transmission as an alternative to conventional three-phase designs are outlined.<>
{"title":"High phase order transmission","authors":"T. Dorazio","doi":"10.1109/STIER.1990.324628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/STIER.1990.324628","url":null,"abstract":"The technology of high phase order (HPO) transmission and its benefits to the power industry are described. Instead of transmitting power with the same number of phases as it was generated, HPO transmission alters the power generated into 6, 9, or even 12 phases. This process results in some unique benefits, which are described. HPO transmission is explained by reviewing the phasor relationships for three, six, and twelve-phase systems. A brief outline of the history of HPO research in the United States is included. An explanation of the reasons behind the environmental benefits as well as technical issues covering the equipment modifications for the conversion is considered. Some of the factors necessary to determine the economic value of HPO transmission as an alternative to conventional three-phase designs are outlined.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":166693,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Technical Conference on Southern Tier","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133995090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-04-25DOI: 10.1109/STIER.1990.324641
I. Chen, J. Goshtasbi, S. Hsu, M. Strauss, T. Wang, J. Delgado-Frías
A VLSI reduced instruction set computer (RISC) microarchitecture called SUNY-RISC is described. The SUNY-RISC processor is a 16-bit microarchitecture. Most of the instructions are register to register. This approach results in fast execution and simple control logic. SUNY-RISC has some similarities with RISC approaches; however, this machine introduces some new features: support for subroutine call and return and instructions broken into several small steps. The technology used is 1 micron CMOS p-well. SUNY-RISC implements 38 instructions. Some instructions require a double word, for instance load register direct and call. The subsystems described are the arithmetic logic unit and shifter, the internal clock, the constant generator, and special purpose registers.<>
{"title":"SUNNY-RISC: a VLSI RISC micro-architecture","authors":"I. Chen, J. Goshtasbi, S. Hsu, M. Strauss, T. Wang, J. Delgado-Frías","doi":"10.1109/STIER.1990.324641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/STIER.1990.324641","url":null,"abstract":"A VLSI reduced instruction set computer (RISC) microarchitecture called SUNY-RISC is described. The SUNY-RISC processor is a 16-bit microarchitecture. Most of the instructions are register to register. This approach results in fast execution and simple control logic. SUNY-RISC has some similarities with RISC approaches; however, this machine introduces some new features: support for subroutine call and return and instructions broken into several small steps. The technology used is 1 micron CMOS p-well. SUNY-RISC implements 38 instructions. Some instructions require a double word, for instance load register direct and call. The subsystems described are the arithmetic logic unit and shifter, the internal clock, the constant generator, and special purpose registers.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":166693,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Technical Conference on Southern Tier","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123338166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-04-25DOI: 10.1109/STIER.1990.324651
C. Chang
A discussion of packaging architecture is presented to understand the requirement on the physical design of the single chip module (SCM), multichip module (MCM), printed circuit board (PCB), connector, and cable. They in turn establish the driving force for their electrical designs. The packaging architecture of midrange, mainframe, and workstation computer systems provides an insight into the requirements of the physical and electrical design of electronic packaging of the future. It is important to ensure the electrical signal fidelity throughout the interconnection to limit the switching noise and signal crosstalk, and to minimize the propagation delay due to packaging. Electrical design with these consideration for chip carrier, printed circuit boards, connector, and cables is described.<>
{"title":"An overview of computer packaging architecture and electrical design","authors":"C. Chang","doi":"10.1109/STIER.1990.324651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/STIER.1990.324651","url":null,"abstract":"A discussion of packaging architecture is presented to understand the requirement on the physical design of the single chip module (SCM), multichip module (MCM), printed circuit board (PCB), connector, and cable. They in turn establish the driving force for their electrical designs. The packaging architecture of midrange, mainframe, and workstation computer systems provides an insight into the requirements of the physical and electrical design of electronic packaging of the future. It is important to ensure the electrical signal fidelity throughout the interconnection to limit the switching noise and signal crosstalk, and to minimize the propagation delay due to packaging. Electrical design with these consideration for chip carrier, printed circuit boards, connector, and cables is described.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":166693,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Technical Conference on Southern Tier","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121815048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-04-25DOI: 10.1109/STIER.1990.324647
Monish R. Chatterjee, L. S. Green
Treating the frequency-dependent time delay caused by the presence of chromatic dispersion in a fiber-optical channel of length L as a random variable, it is possible to obtain a simple expression for the impulse response of the channel. This idea is used to derive the impulse response in terms of parameters such as the zero-dispersion wavelength, the second derivative of the refractive index, and the linewidth of the source. The result indicates an asymmetrical impulse response, and the corresponding transfer function has a low-pass characteristic with a first-order pole which may be readily determined from the fiber parameters. The derived impulse response is applied to the case of a simple fiber-optic communication system configured as a phase diversity receiver, to illustrate how a linear systems approach, under certain approximations, may be used to predict and analyze the behavior of such a system. The analysis includes calculations involving the field amplitudes in (n*n) hybrid couplers, and how such couplers must be connected in order to obtain the desired optical components in the phase diversity scheme is described.<>
{"title":"Derivation of impulse response and transfer function of an optical fiber under chromatic dispersion and application to a linear fiber-optic communication system","authors":"Monish R. Chatterjee, L. S. Green","doi":"10.1109/STIER.1990.324647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/STIER.1990.324647","url":null,"abstract":"Treating the frequency-dependent time delay caused by the presence of chromatic dispersion in a fiber-optical channel of length L as a random variable, it is possible to obtain a simple expression for the impulse response of the channel. This idea is used to derive the impulse response in terms of parameters such as the zero-dispersion wavelength, the second derivative of the refractive index, and the linewidth of the source. The result indicates an asymmetrical impulse response, and the corresponding transfer function has a low-pass characteristic with a first-order pole which may be readily determined from the fiber parameters. The derived impulse response is applied to the case of a simple fiber-optic communication system configured as a phase diversity receiver, to illustrate how a linear systems approach, under certain approximations, may be used to predict and analyze the behavior of such a system. The analysis includes calculations involving the field amplitudes in (n*n) hybrid couplers, and how such couplers must be connected in order to obtain the desired optical components in the phase diversity scheme is described.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":166693,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Technical Conference on Southern Tier","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129985285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-04-25DOI: 10.1109/STIER.1990.324652
J. H. Das, J. Morris
Gettering of ion-implanted copper in polyimide films was observed. The gettering process can be modeled by dual activation energies. The lower activation energy (small diffusant/substrate interaction) is associated with diffusants having no other diffusant atoms within their interaction distance, while a larger activation energy (large diffusant/diffusant interaction) represents diffusants with their movements restricted by clustering within the interaction distance of similar species. The gettering process is investigated through computer simulations of diffusion where the copper-copper interaction is included in the diffusion model, thus allowing copper atoms to be trapped by other atoms/clusters within the interaction distance. Simulation results validate the gettering process under these above assumptions and reveal several interesting dependencies of the process itself upon the initial implant profiles and doses.<>
{"title":"Diffusion simulations of gettering of ion implanted copper in polyimide","authors":"J. H. Das, J. Morris","doi":"10.1109/STIER.1990.324652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/STIER.1990.324652","url":null,"abstract":"Gettering of ion-implanted copper in polyimide films was observed. The gettering process can be modeled by dual activation energies. The lower activation energy (small diffusant/substrate interaction) is associated with diffusants having no other diffusant atoms within their interaction distance, while a larger activation energy (large diffusant/diffusant interaction) represents diffusants with their movements restricted by clustering within the interaction distance of similar species. The gettering process is investigated through computer simulations of diffusion where the copper-copper interaction is included in the diffusion model, thus allowing copper atoms to be trapped by other atoms/clusters within the interaction distance. Simulation results validate the gettering process under these above assumptions and reveal several interesting dependencies of the process itself upon the initial implant profiles and doses.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":166693,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Technical Conference on Southern Tier","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116627544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-04-25DOI: 10.1109/STIER.1990.324631
C. Christopher
A method for heartbeat detection is described that consists of an amplifier and timing circuits connected to three self-adhering electrodes placed on and below the sternum. Connection to the body is achieved by the use of commercial, self-adhering electrodes. These electrodes provided the most consistent and reliable signals and are not affected by movements of the wearer. The signal from the electrodes is amplified using a discrete implementation of an instrumentation amplifier with current limiting at the input to prevent possible electrical shock to the user. The signal is then fed into a filter section with adjustable gain. The filter section provides final filtering of the signal and allows adjustment of the signal level. The output of the filter section is connected to a biasing network which shifts the analog voltage to a level usable by a timing section. The timing section then generates a positive pulse at its output for each detected heart beat.<>
{"title":"Reliable and nonrestrictive heart beat detection for physical exercise","authors":"C. Christopher","doi":"10.1109/STIER.1990.324631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/STIER.1990.324631","url":null,"abstract":"A method for heartbeat detection is described that consists of an amplifier and timing circuits connected to three self-adhering electrodes placed on and below the sternum. Connection to the body is achieved by the use of commercial, self-adhering electrodes. These electrodes provided the most consistent and reliable signals and are not affected by movements of the wearer. The signal from the electrodes is amplified using a discrete implementation of an instrumentation amplifier with current limiting at the input to prevent possible electrical shock to the user. The signal is then fed into a filter section with adjustable gain. The filter section provides final filtering of the signal and allows adjustment of the signal level. The output of the filter section is connected to a biasing network which shifts the analog voltage to a level usable by a timing section. The timing section then generates a positive pulse at its output for each detected heart beat.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":166693,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Technical Conference on Southern Tier","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131978156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-04-25DOI: 10.1109/STIER.1990.324629
F.G. Picciano
A restoration structure is recommended as a temporary replacement to assure rapid restoration in an emergency event. The modular structure provides a method to rapidly restore safe operation of a transmission line while a permanent replacement is in the engineering and procurement process. The modular structure provides an 'erector set' at full scale with interlocking units standardized. Each unit is labeled with its exact weight. No unit exceeds 600 lb. A user-friendly PC program is used to determine structure strength by guy tensions and anchor locations. After selection of the structure type the program asks for several inputs at the structure location. Structure height, guy slope, load parameters, factors, etc. are inputs. Computer program output gives guy tension and checks comprehensive loads. The user determines if computed tensions are viable for the chosen guy/anchor system and modifies the program to suit the parameters and chosen guy/anchor system. With the results of the design program for a given structure type, the user determines a layout for the structure foundation and the required anchors. Field operations and the erection method for the structure are discussed.<>
{"title":"Emergency restoration structure","authors":"F.G. Picciano","doi":"10.1109/STIER.1990.324629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/STIER.1990.324629","url":null,"abstract":"A restoration structure is recommended as a temporary replacement to assure rapid restoration in an emergency event. The modular structure provides a method to rapidly restore safe operation of a transmission line while a permanent replacement is in the engineering and procurement process. The modular structure provides an 'erector set' at full scale with interlocking units standardized. Each unit is labeled with its exact weight. No unit exceeds 600 lb. A user-friendly PC program is used to determine structure strength by guy tensions and anchor locations. After selection of the structure type the program asks for several inputs at the structure location. Structure height, guy slope, load parameters, factors, etc. are inputs. Computer program output gives guy tension and checks comprehensive loads. The user determines if computed tensions are viable for the chosen guy/anchor system and modifies the program to suit the parameters and chosen guy/anchor system. With the results of the design program for a given structure type, the user determines a layout for the structure foundation and the required anchors. Field operations and the erection method for the structure are discussed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":166693,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Technical Conference on Southern Tier","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116533830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-04-25DOI: 10.1109/STIER.1990.324645
C. Bergman
A network method is described which utilizes PC compatible processors, complete with memory and I/O, mounted on PC boards. This method incorporates the advantages of using serial connections to terminals without the disadvantages of multitasking a single microprocessor. A 5-user network utilizing 286-based microprocessor with serial terminals is installed. A 386-based server is used with a bus expansion box for the user boards. Two serial printers and one parallel printer are available as network resources. One terminal, with one additional serial printer and buffer, is serviced by a pair of modems over a leased telephone line to a location two miles away. The features of the operating system are described, including online messages between users, commanding and viewing other users' terminals, disk sharing, and print queuing. The capabilities and limitations of the networking method are described and compared with a more conventional Ethernet network utilizing the Novell Netware operating system.<>
{"title":"A PC on a PC board: another networking method","authors":"C. Bergman","doi":"10.1109/STIER.1990.324645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/STIER.1990.324645","url":null,"abstract":"A network method is described which utilizes PC compatible processors, complete with memory and I/O, mounted on PC boards. This method incorporates the advantages of using serial connections to terminals without the disadvantages of multitasking a single microprocessor. A 5-user network utilizing 286-based microprocessor with serial terminals is installed. A 386-based server is used with a bus expansion box for the user boards. Two serial printers and one parallel printer are available as network resources. One terminal, with one additional serial printer and buffer, is serviced by a pair of modems over a leased telephone line to a location two miles away. The features of the operating system are described, including online messages between users, commanding and viewing other users' terminals, disk sharing, and print queuing. The capabilities and limitations of the networking method are described and compared with a more conventional Ethernet network utilizing the Novell Netware operating system.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":166693,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Technical Conference on Southern Tier","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123972084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-04-25DOI: 10.1109/STIER.1990.324648
K.B. Bush
The transformation of arbitrary electromagnetic fields is investigated, in order to characterize the near field of the source and transform the result to any location outside the source region. The method presented, referred to as the Huygens principle method, is based on principles of diffraction theory. It is developed from the homogeneous scalar wave equation, and a comparison is made with vector wave equation results based on the Kottler-Franz formulas. The aim is to characterize the sources from measurements made on a surface so as to allow transformation to other locations. The power spectral density is used as the most meaningful characteristic. The method requires measurement of the cross spectral density of the electric or magnetic field. The sensitivity of the Huygens principle method to location error is investigated, and a computer simulation example is presented to illustrate the method. Suggestions for the physical implementation of this transformation method are made.<>
{"title":"A method for the transformation of arbitrary electromagnetic fields based on Huygens principle","authors":"K.B. Bush","doi":"10.1109/STIER.1990.324648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/STIER.1990.324648","url":null,"abstract":"The transformation of arbitrary electromagnetic fields is investigated, in order to characterize the near field of the source and transform the result to any location outside the source region. The method presented, referred to as the Huygens principle method, is based on principles of diffraction theory. It is developed from the homogeneous scalar wave equation, and a comparison is made with vector wave equation results based on the Kottler-Franz formulas. The aim is to characterize the sources from measurements made on a surface so as to allow transformation to other locations. The power spectral density is used as the most meaningful characteristic. The method requires measurement of the cross spectral density of the electric or magnetic field. The sensitivity of the Huygens principle method to location error is investigated, and a computer simulation example is presented to illustrate the method. Suggestions for the physical implementation of this transformation method are made.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":166693,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Technical Conference on Southern Tier","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124083365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-04-25DOI: 10.1109/STIER.1990.324649
W.J. Furnas
Development and testing of a two dimensional magnetic field sensor are conducted to gain an understanding of the sensing phenomenon, characterize its capabilities, and develop a rationale for the direction of further improvements. The sensor uses a configuration similar to a vidicon television camera tube. Instead of operating in a light sensitive mode, a special target surface is used in conjunction with a modified tube structure and operating conditions. The appearance of magnetic fields observed on the monitor of the prototype seemed foreign until further analysis was performed of the phenomenon causing the images. Experimental results from a prototype are used to develop an understanding of the sensor. From the model developed, computer simulation pointed to an unusual sensing capability that was later verified with the prototype.<>
{"title":"Two dimensional magnetic field sensor","authors":"W.J. Furnas","doi":"10.1109/STIER.1990.324649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/STIER.1990.324649","url":null,"abstract":"Development and testing of a two dimensional magnetic field sensor are conducted to gain an understanding of the sensing phenomenon, characterize its capabilities, and develop a rationale for the direction of further improvements. The sensor uses a configuration similar to a vidicon television camera tube. Instead of operating in a light sensitive mode, a special target surface is used in conjunction with a modified tube structure and operating conditions. The appearance of magnetic fields observed on the monitor of the prototype seemed foreign until further analysis was performed of the phenomenon causing the images. Experimental results from a prototype are used to develop an understanding of the sensor. From the model developed, computer simulation pointed to an unusual sensing capability that was later verified with the prototype.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":166693,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Technical Conference on Southern Tier","volume":"165 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127358592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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