Pub Date : 2024-12-03DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2024.578501
Michael Gilligan, Luke O'Donnell, Andrew Westbrook, Niall Tubridy, Sean 'o Riordan, Christopher McGuigan, Sean Connolly, Michael Farrell, Patrick Waters, Sarosh R Irani, Justin A Kinsella
Many forms of autoimmune encephalitis are mediated by neuronal cell-surface directed autoantibodies. The co-occurrence of four neuronal cell-surface antibodies in a single patient is exceptionally rare. We report a patient who had a severe encephalitis associated with antibodies to NMDA, Glycine, GABAA and GABAB receptors. Case: A 28-year-old man on tacrolimus presented with a first seizure. Thereafter, he developed confusion, cerebellar signs, opsoclonus, neuromyotonia and medication-refractory seizures. CSF sampling revealed 826 white cells and NMDA, glycine and GABAB receptor antibodies: all were also detected in serum along with additional GABAA receptor antibodies. Neural antibodies were detected using fixed (NMDA, GABAA, GABAB receptor) or live (glycine receptor) cell-based assays at Oxford Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Oxford, UK. MRI brain demonstrated cerebellar leptomeningeal enhancement and a hyperintense lesion in the cerebellar vermis. EEG revealed extreme delta brush and needle EMG confirmed neuromyotonia. No underlying malignancy was detected. Methylprednisolone, IVIG, Rituximab, therapeutic plasma exchange, cyclophosphamide and bortezomib were administered sequentially, with minimal clinical improvement. Death secondary to respiratory sepsis occurred on the 714th hospital day. Postmortem revealed pan-cerebellar atrophy with Purkinje cell loss; dentate nucleus ganglionopathy, and thoracolumbar cord myelopathy. In summary, the detection of multiple neuronal cell-surface antibodies in autoimmune encephalitis is unusual and may result in a complex overlap syndrome with a poor response to immunotherapy.
{"title":"A complex and severe encephalitis associated with four co-existing neuronal cell-surface autoantibodies.","authors":"Michael Gilligan, Luke O'Donnell, Andrew Westbrook, Niall Tubridy, Sean 'o Riordan, Christopher McGuigan, Sean Connolly, Michael Farrell, Patrick Waters, Sarosh R Irani, Justin A Kinsella","doi":"10.1016/j.jneuroim.2024.578501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroim.2024.578501","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many forms of autoimmune encephalitis are mediated by neuronal cell-surface directed autoantibodies. The co-occurrence of four neuronal cell-surface antibodies in a single patient is exceptionally rare. We report a patient who had a severe encephalitis associated with antibodies to NMDA, Glycine, GABA<sub>A</sub> and GABA<sub>B</sub> receptors. Case: A 28-year-old man on tacrolimus presented with a first seizure. Thereafter, he developed confusion, cerebellar signs, opsoclonus, neuromyotonia and medication-refractory seizures. CSF sampling revealed 826 white cells and NMDA, glycine and GABA<sub>B</sub> receptor antibodies: all were also detected in serum along with additional GABA<sub>A</sub> receptor antibodies. Neural antibodies were detected using fixed (NMDA, GABA<sub>A</sub>, GABA<sub>B</sub> receptor) or live (glycine receptor) cell-based assays at Oxford Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Oxford, UK. MRI brain demonstrated cerebellar leptomeningeal enhancement and a hyperintense lesion in the cerebellar vermis. EEG revealed extreme delta brush and needle EMG confirmed neuromyotonia. No underlying malignancy was detected. Methylprednisolone, IVIG, Rituximab, therapeutic plasma exchange, cyclophosphamide and bortezomib were administered sequentially, with minimal clinical improvement. Death secondary to respiratory sepsis occurred on the 714th hospital day. Postmortem revealed pan-cerebellar atrophy with Purkinje cell loss; dentate nucleus ganglionopathy, and thoracolumbar cord myelopathy. In summary, the detection of multiple neuronal cell-surface antibodies in autoimmune encephalitis is unusual and may result in a complex overlap syndrome with a poor response to immunotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":16671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neuroimmunology","volume":"399 ","pages":"578501"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142794847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-02DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2024.578502
Cody J Gurski, Zivar Hajiyeva, Anthony J Veltri, Kaylan Fenton, Samantha O'Dell, Ahmed Z Obeidat, Bonnie N Dittel
In multiple sclerosis (MS) the B cell depleting drug ocrelizumab has shown high efficacy in reducing inflammatory activity. Its mechanism of action is unclear due to B cell subset complexity and unknown roles in pathogenesis. Here, we comprehensively phenotyped and quantitated peripheral blood B cell subsets before and after ocrelizumab infusion to gain insight into the fate of B cell subsets with pathogenic potential. Peripheral blood B cells were collected from treatment naïve patients at baseline and months one, three, and six following the first course of ocrelizumab treatment; at 6 months following the second treatment cycle; ∼14 months following their last infusion; and from healthy controls. Flow cytometry combined with cluster analysis was used to track depletion and repletion of naïve, memory, and antibody secreting cells. By month one, naïve B cells were depleted, but a small subset of memory B cells were retained with no depletion of antibody secreting cells. Uniform manifold approximation and projection for dimension reduction analysis of flow cytometry data revealed two non-class switched naïve clusters and two class switched memory clusters. One class switched cluster was activated in MS patients but largely absent in healthy controls. Both memory B cell subsets underwent depletion after a single six-month course of ocrelizumab treatment after which their proportions were reset to heathy control levels. These observations suggest that activated class-switched memory B cells could serve as a biomarker of recent or ongoing MS disease activity to guide redosing.
{"title":"Elevated frequencies of activated memory B cells in multiple sclerosis are reset to healthy control levels after B cell depletion with Ocrelizumab.","authors":"Cody J Gurski, Zivar Hajiyeva, Anthony J Veltri, Kaylan Fenton, Samantha O'Dell, Ahmed Z Obeidat, Bonnie N Dittel","doi":"10.1016/j.jneuroim.2024.578502","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jneuroim.2024.578502","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In multiple sclerosis (MS) the B cell depleting drug ocrelizumab has shown high efficacy in reducing inflammatory activity. Its mechanism of action is unclear due to B cell subset complexity and unknown roles in pathogenesis. Here, we comprehensively phenotyped and quantitated peripheral blood B cell subsets before and after ocrelizumab infusion to gain insight into the fate of B cell subsets with pathogenic potential. Peripheral blood B cells were collected from treatment naïve patients at baseline and months one, three, and six following the first course of ocrelizumab treatment; at 6 months following the second treatment cycle; ∼14 months following their last infusion; and from healthy controls. Flow cytometry combined with cluster analysis was used to track depletion and repletion of naïve, memory, and antibody secreting cells. By month one, naïve B cells were depleted, but a small subset of memory B cells were retained with no depletion of antibody secreting cells. Uniform manifold approximation and projection for dimension reduction analysis of flow cytometry data revealed two non-class switched naïve clusters and two class switched memory clusters. One class switched cluster was activated in MS patients but largely absent in healthy controls. Both memory B cell subsets underwent depletion after a single six-month course of ocrelizumab treatment after which their proportions were reset to heathy control levels. These observations suggest that activated class-switched memory B cells could serve as a biomarker of recent or ongoing MS disease activity to guide redosing.</p>","PeriodicalId":16671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neuroimmunology","volume":"399 ","pages":"578502"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142791954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-25DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2024.578490
J.P. Strydom, Linda Brand, Francois P. Viljoen, De Wet Wolmarans
Increasing evidence points to brain-immune mechanisms underlying conditions characterized by neurocognitive rigidity. However, causal evidence remains elusive. Thus, the present work first aimed to investigate the naturalistic associations between rigid motor stereotypy and non-specific markers of systemic inflammation, i.e., the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and plasma corticosterone concentrations in deer mice. We then explored causal immune-brain interactions by bolstering the NLR, using the recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (g-CSF), i.e., pegfilgrastim (Peg). One-hundred and twenty (120) 3-week-old deer mice (both sexes) were exposed to nine weekly injections with normal water for injection or Peg (n = 60 per group) and then assessed for stereotypical expression. Stereotypical behaviour, the NLR, and plasma corticosterone were then measured. Our findings show that 1) NLR and plasma corticosterone concentrations do not predict stereotypical expression and 2) chronic Peg exposure significantly increased the NLR and decreased the plasma corticosterone concentration in mice of both sexes, without impacting stereotypical expression. While valuable findings related to the relationship between exogenous NLR manipulation and immune system functioning were highlighted, continued investigation will be necessary to further explore whether spontaneous stereotypy in deer mice may be associated with immune-inflammatory involvement.
{"title":"Chronic g-CSF increases the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and decreases plasma corticosterone concentrations in Peromyscus maniculatus without impacting compulsive-like stereotypy","authors":"J.P. Strydom, Linda Brand, Francois P. Viljoen, De Wet Wolmarans","doi":"10.1016/j.jneuroim.2024.578490","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jneuroim.2024.578490","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Increasing evidence points to brain-immune mechanisms underlying conditions characterized by neurocognitive rigidity. However, causal evidence remains elusive. Thus, the present work first aimed to investigate the naturalistic associations between rigid motor stereotypy and non-specific markers of systemic inflammation, i.e., the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and plasma corticosterone concentrations in deer mice. We then explored causal immune-brain interactions by bolstering the NLR, using the recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (g-CSF), i.e., pegfilgrastim (Peg). One-hundred and twenty (120) 3-week-old deer mice (both sexes) were exposed to nine weekly injections with normal water for injection or Peg (<em>n</em> = 60 per group) and then assessed for stereotypical expression. Stereotypical behaviour, the NLR, and plasma corticosterone were then measured. Our findings show that 1) NLR and plasma corticosterone concentrations do not predict stereotypical expression and 2) chronic Peg exposure significantly increased the NLR and decreased the plasma corticosterone concentration in mice of both sexes, without impacting stereotypical expression. While valuable findings related to the relationship between exogenous NLR manipulation and immune system functioning were highlighted, continued investigation will be necessary to further explore whether spontaneous stereotypy in deer mice may be associated with immune-inflammatory involvement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neuroimmunology","volume":"398 ","pages":"Article 578490"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142720262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-17DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2024.578484
Zihan Jiang , Honghao Huang , Yiqun Chen , Haobo Xie , Yangguang Lu , Yaoyin Ge , Ruotong Yao , Lingsheng Wang , Zihao Wu , Yiran Bu , Guangyong Chen , Dehao Yang
Background
Parkinson's disease (PD) has been linked to T helper 17 (Th17) cells in prior investigations, but the evidence remains inconclusive. To gain a deeper understanding of this potential connection, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Methods
A comprehensive search for relevant studies published up to July 8, 2023, was performed across PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases. A random-effect model was employed to synthesize effect sizes and their corresponding 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis and funnel plots with trim-and-fill were utilized to assess the combined results' robustness.
Results
Thirteen studies were ultimately included in the meta-analysis. Pooled effect sizes indicated a significantly higher percentage of Th17 cells in PD patients (Standardized Mean Difference [SMD] = 1.00, 95 % CI 0.30–1.71). Notably, Th17 cell levels were more elevated in Asian PD patients (SMD = 1.33, 95 % CI 0.31–2.35). Additionally, the percentage of Th17 cells positively correlated with Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale-III (UPDRS-III) scores (r = 0.22, 95 % CI 0.01–0.41), indicating a link to motor dysfunction. Conversely, a negative correlation was observed with Cognitive function scale scores (r = − 0.27, 95 % CI -0.47–-0.04), suggesting a potential association with cognitive decline.
Conclusions
This study revealed a positive association between Th17 cells and PD, with PD patients exhibiting elevated Th17 levels. Furthermore, the percentage of Th17 cells correlated with motor and cognitive impairments in PD patients.
{"title":"The role of the immune system in Parkinson's disease pathogenesis: A focus on Th17 cells - A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Zihan Jiang , Honghao Huang , Yiqun Chen , Haobo Xie , Yangguang Lu , Yaoyin Ge , Ruotong Yao , Lingsheng Wang , Zihao Wu , Yiran Bu , Guangyong Chen , Dehao Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jneuroim.2024.578484","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jneuroim.2024.578484","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Parkinson's disease (PD) has been linked to T helper 17 (Th17) cells in prior investigations, but the evidence remains inconclusive. To gain a deeper understanding of this potential connection, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A comprehensive search for relevant studies published up to July 8, 2023, was performed across PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases. A random-effect model was employed to synthesize effect sizes and their corresponding 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis and funnel plots with trim-and-fill were utilized to assess the combined results' robustness.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Thirteen studies were ultimately included in the meta-analysis. Pooled effect sizes indicated a significantly higher percentage of Th17 cells in PD patients (Standardized Mean Difference [SMD] = 1.00, 95 % CI 0.30–1.71). Notably, Th17 cell levels were more elevated in Asian PD patients (SMD = 1.33, 95 % CI 0.31–2.35). Additionally, the percentage of Th17 cells positively correlated with Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale-III (UPDRS-III) scores (<em>r</em> = 0.22, 95 % CI 0.01–0.41), indicating a link to motor dysfunction. Conversely, a negative correlation was observed with Cognitive function scale scores (<em>r</em> = − 0.27, 95 % CI -0.47–-0.04), suggesting a potential association with cognitive decline.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study revealed a positive association between Th17 cells and PD, with PD patients exhibiting elevated Th17 levels. Furthermore, the percentage of Th17 cells correlated with motor and cognitive impairments in PD patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neuroimmunology","volume":"398 ","pages":"Article 578484"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142692404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-17DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2024.578488
Seong-Jun Kang , Yong-Hee Kim , Thuy Nguyen-Phuong , Yijoon Kim , Jin-Mi Oh , Jae-chun Go , DaeSik Kim , Chung-Gyu Park , Hyunsu Lee , Hyun Je Kim
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurological disorder and the leading cause of dementia. Despite significant efforts, treatment strategies targeting amyloid-β have been less successful than anticipated. Recently, the role of neuroinflammation and adaptive immune response in AD pathogenesis has gained attention. Here, we performed immune cell-enriched single-cell RNA sequencing of brain parenchymal cells from 12-month-old 5xFAD, an AD mouse model. We analyzed 11,587 single cells and found distinct differences in T cell and choroid plexus cell populations between 5xFAD mouse and littermate control. Subsequent sub-clustering of T cells in the 5xFAD mouse revealed distinct subtypes, with CD8+ resident memory T cells (TRM) being the most prevalent T cell type. In addition, we observed an increase in T cell exhaustion markers, including Pdcd1, Ctla4, and Havcr2, with a particularly significant elevation of PD-1 and TIM-3 in CD8+ TRM in 5xFAD mouse. Furthermore, choroid plexus (ChP) epithelial cells showed altered gene expression patterns, with higher expression of MHC class I and Type I IFN-stimulated genes in 5xFAD mouse compared to the control mouse, suggesting an association with clonal expansion of AD-specific T cells in the brain. Through single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis, our study highlights the potential role of resident memory CD8+ T cell and their possible interactions with ChP epithelial cells. This study provides an exploration of the brain microenvironment landscape in AD, revealing critical insights into its underlying mechanisms.
阿尔茨海默病（AD）是一种进行性神经系统疾病，也是导致痴呆症的主要原因。尽管做出了巨大的努力，但针对淀粉样蛋白-β的治疗策略并没有预期的那么成功。最近，神经炎症和适应性免疫反应在AD发病机制中的作用受到了关注。在这里，我们对12个月大的5xFAD（一种AD小鼠模型）脑实质细胞进行了免疫细胞富集单细胞RNA测序。我们分析了 11,587 个单细胞，发现 5xFAD 小鼠与同窝对照小鼠的 T 细胞和脉络丛细胞群存在明显差异。我们随后对 5xFAD 小鼠的 T 细胞进行了分组，发现了不同的亚型，其中 CD8+ 常驻记忆 T 细胞（TRM）是最普遍的 T 细胞类型。此外，我们还观察到 T 细胞衰竭标记物的增加，包括 Pdcd1、Ctla4 和 Havcr2，尤其是 5xFAD 小鼠 CD8+ TRM 中 PD-1 和 TIM-3 的显著升高。此外，脉络丛（ChP）上皮细胞的基因表达模式也发生了改变，与对照组小鼠相比，5xFAD小鼠的MHC I类基因和I型IFN刺激基因的表达量更高，这表明与AD特异性T细胞在大脑中的克隆扩增有关。通过单细胞 RNA 测序（scRNA-seq）分析，我们的研究强调了常驻记忆 CD8+ T 细胞的潜在作用及其与 ChP 上皮细胞的可能相互作用。这项研究探索了AD的大脑微环境状况，揭示了其潜在机制的重要见解。
{"title":"Immune cell-enriched single-cell RNA sequencing unveils the interplay between infiltrated CD8+ T resident memory cells and choroid plexus epithelial cells in Alzheimer's disease","authors":"Seong-Jun Kang , Yong-Hee Kim , Thuy Nguyen-Phuong , Yijoon Kim , Jin-Mi Oh , Jae-chun Go , DaeSik Kim , Chung-Gyu Park , Hyunsu Lee , Hyun Je Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.jneuroim.2024.578488","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jneuroim.2024.578488","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurological disorder and the leading cause of dementia. Despite significant efforts, treatment strategies targeting amyloid-β have been less successful than anticipated. Recently, the role of neuroinflammation and adaptive immune response in AD pathogenesis has gained attention. Here, we performed immune cell-enriched single-cell RNA sequencing of brain parenchymal cells from 12-month-old 5xFAD, an AD mouse model. We analyzed 11,587 single cells and found distinct differences in T cell and choroid plexus cell populations between 5xFAD mouse and littermate control. Subsequent sub-clustering of T cells in the 5xFAD mouse revealed distinct subtypes, with CD8<sup>+</sup> resident memory T cells (T<sub>RM</sub>) being the most prevalent T cell type. In addition, we observed an increase in T cell exhaustion markers, including <em>Pdcd1, Ctla4, and Havcr2</em>, with a particularly significant elevation of PD-1 and TIM-3 in CD8<sup>+</sup> T<sub>RM</sub> in 5xFAD mouse. Furthermore, choroid plexus (ChP) epithelial cells showed altered gene expression patterns, with higher expression of MHC class I and Type I IFN-stimulated genes in 5xFAD mouse compared to the control mouse, suggesting an association with clonal expansion of AD-specific T cells in the brain. Through single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis, our study highlights the potential role of resident memory CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell and their possible interactions with ChP epithelial cells. This study provides an exploration of the brain microenvironment landscape in AD, revealing critical insights into its underlying mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neuroimmunology","volume":"398 ","pages":"Article 578488"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142687200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-17DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2024.578489
Altuğ Özkoşar , Fatma Betül Öktelik , Metin Yusuf Gelmez , Sevda Öztürk Erden , Tuncay Gündüz , Murat Kürtüncü , Günnur Deniz , Suzan Çınar
This study investigates the frequency and numbers of circulating helper innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in untreated relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients, focusing on intracellular IL-10 and CCR6 expressions under IL-2, IL-33, and retinoic acid (RA) stimulation in vitro and their associations with clinical features in RRMS. In RRMS patients, ILC1 levels were notably higher upon IL-2 + IL-33 + RA stimulation, while ILC2 levels, particularly the c-Kit+ ILC2 and CCR6+ ILC2 subsets, were significantly lower compared to unstimulated conditions. Additionally, IL-10+ ILC1 levels were elevated. The ratios of IL-10+ ILC1/ILC1, c-Kit+ ILC2/c-Kit− ILC2, and CCR6+ ILC2/ILC2 were associated with the progression index (PI) in RRMS patients.
{"title":"Retinoic acid modulates peripheral blood helper innate lymphoid cell composition in vitro in patients with multiple sclerosis","authors":"Altuğ Özkoşar , Fatma Betül Öktelik , Metin Yusuf Gelmez , Sevda Öztürk Erden , Tuncay Gündüz , Murat Kürtüncü , Günnur Deniz , Suzan Çınar","doi":"10.1016/j.jneuroim.2024.578489","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jneuroim.2024.578489","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the frequency and numbers of circulating helper innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in untreated relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients, focusing on intracellular IL-10 and CCR6 expressions under IL-2, IL-33, and retinoic acid (RA) stimulation <em>in vitro</em> and their associations with clinical features in RRMS. In RRMS patients, ILC1 levels were notably higher upon IL-2 + IL-33 + RA stimulation, while ILC2 levels, particularly the c-Kit<sup>+</sup> ILC2 and CCR6<sup>+</sup> ILC2 subsets, were significantly lower compared to unstimulated conditions. Additionally, IL-10<sup>+</sup> ILC1 levels were elevated. The ratios of IL-10<sup>+</sup> ILC1/ILC1, c-Kit<sup>+</sup> ILC2/c-Kit<sup>−</sup> ILC2, and CCR6<sup>+</sup> ILC2/ILC2 were associated with the progression index (PI) in RRMS patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neuroimmunology","volume":"398 ","pages":"Article 578489"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142710564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-13DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2024.578486
Han Zhang, Xiang Chen, Jialu Qian
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent mental illness and showed a strong link with inflammation. Microglia, as the main resident immune cells, play an important role in the occurrence and development of depression. Circular RNA PTP4A2 (circPTP4A2) was highly expressed in microglia inflammation induced by oxygen glucose deprivation/reperfusion. However, whether circPTP4A2 involves in microglia inflammation in MDD is not clear. Here, chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) induced depressive behaviors and microglia activation in mouse hippocampus, accompanied by the elevated expression of circPTP4A2. Knockdown circPTP4A2 in mouse hippocampus ameliorated depressive-like behaviors and microglia activation. Moreover, CUS promoted phosphorylation of ERK, JNK and P38 in mouse hippocampus as same as LPS-exposed BV2 microglia. Only P38 phosphorylation was inhibited by circPTP4A2 knockdown in the hippocampus. P38 inhibitor, sb203580, repressed circPTP4A2 overexpression-induced inflammatory reaction in BV2 cells. These findings suggest that circPTP4A2 promotes depressive-like behaviors and microglia activation via P38 phosphorylation.
{"title":"Silencing of circular RNA PTP4A2 ameliorates depressive-like behaviors by inhibiting microglia activation in mice","authors":"Han Zhang, Xiang Chen, Jialu Qian","doi":"10.1016/j.jneuroim.2024.578486","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jneuroim.2024.578486","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent mental illness and showed a strong link with inflammation. Microglia, as the main resident immune cells, play an important role in the occurrence and development of depression. Circular RNA PTP4A2 (circPTP4A2) was highly expressed in microglia inflammation induced by oxygen glucose deprivation/reperfusion. However, whether circPTP4A2 involves in microglia inflammation in MDD is not clear. Here, chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) induced depressive behaviors and microglia activation in mouse hippocampus, accompanied by the elevated expression of circPTP4A2. Knockdown circPTP4A2 in mouse hippocampus ameliorated depressive-like behaviors and microglia activation. Moreover, CUS promoted phosphorylation of ERK, JNK and P38 in mouse hippocampus as same as LPS-exposed BV2 microglia. Only P38 phosphorylation was inhibited by circPTP4A2 knockdown in the hippocampus. P38 inhibitor, sb203580, repressed circPTP4A2 overexpression-induced inflammatory reaction in BV2 cells. These findings suggest that circPTP4A2 promotes depressive-like behaviors and microglia activation via P38 phosphorylation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neuroimmunology","volume":"397 ","pages":"Article 578486"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142643786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-12DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2024.578485
Nisa Vorasoot , Thorvardur R. Halfdanarson , Nicolas N. Madigan , Divyanshu Dubey , Uma Thanarajasingam , Anastasia Zekeridou
Introduction
Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS) can worsen with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) cancer immunotherapy.
Case report
A 66-year-old female with paraneoplastic Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome (LEMS), which led to the diagnosis of metastatic neuroendocrine carcinoma, was treated with intravenous immune globulin (IVIg) (with minimal response), chemotherapy, and radiation, resulting in neurological improvement. However, sclerodermatous changes developed after a year. Due to cancer progression, dual ICI therapy was initiated, and the patient remained stable for eight months until the progression of both LEMS and cancer, ultimately leading to death.
Discussion
This case highlights the challenges of managing pre-existing PNS during ICI therapy, emphasizing the need for a multidisciplinary approach and the consideration of unusual clinical presentations in therapeutic decision-making.
{"title":"Pre-existing Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome and Scleroderma in a Patient with Neuroendocrine Carcinoma Undergoing Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Cancer Immunotherapy","authors":"Nisa Vorasoot , Thorvardur R. Halfdanarson , Nicolas N. Madigan , Divyanshu Dubey , Uma Thanarajasingam , Anastasia Zekeridou","doi":"10.1016/j.jneuroim.2024.578485","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jneuroim.2024.578485","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS) can worsen with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) cancer immunotherapy.</div></div><div><h3>Case report</h3><div>A 66-year-old female with paraneoplastic Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome (LEMS), which led to the diagnosis of metastatic neuroendocrine carcinoma, was treated with intravenous immune globulin (IVIg) (with minimal response), chemotherapy, and radiation, resulting in neurological improvement. However, sclerodermatous changes developed after a year. Due to cancer progression, dual ICI therapy was initiated, and the patient remained stable for eight months until the progression of both LEMS and cancer, ultimately leading to death.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>This case highlights the challenges of managing pre-existing PNS during ICI therapy, emphasizing the need for a multidisciplinary approach and the consideration of unusual clinical presentations in therapeutic decision-making.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neuroimmunology","volume":"398 ","pages":"Article 578485"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142695524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-10DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2024.578487
Sai Nagaratnam , Amardeep Gill , Niroshan Jeyakumar , Shuo Xi , Ming-Wei Lin , Andrew Martin , Winny Varikatt , Michael W.K. Fong , Hugo Morales-Briceno
Objectives
Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease (MOGAD) has an expanding phenotype. We describe two cases of MOGAD with associated severe intracranial hypertension.
Case 1: A 21-year-old male presented with diffuse cortical encephalitis and intracranial hypertension with both serum and CSF MOG antibody positivity. Initial brain CT scan was normal but subsequent demyelination was evident on MRI. Case 2: A 44-year-old female presented with a progressive brainstem encephalitis and intracranial hypertension and normal MRI, with later development of subcortical demyelination which was confirmed on brain biopsy. CSF-restricted MOG antibody was detected following the biopsy results.
Results
Both patients presented with clinical features of severe intracranial hypertension requiring surgical management followed by immunosuppressive therapy (methylprednisone and plasma exchange; and intravenous immunoglobulin and plasma exchange) leading to clinical improvement.
Discussion
MOGAD should be in the differential diagnosis of acute severe intracranial hypertension even in the absence of demyelination on initial neuroimaging. Clinicians should be alert of this syndrome that requires combined management of intracranial pressure in addition to early and intensive immunotherapy.
{"title":"MOGAD presenting as fulminant intracranial hypertension","authors":"Sai Nagaratnam , Amardeep Gill , Niroshan Jeyakumar , Shuo Xi , Ming-Wei Lin , Andrew Martin , Winny Varikatt , Michael W.K. Fong , Hugo Morales-Briceno","doi":"10.1016/j.jneuroim.2024.578487","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jneuroim.2024.578487","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease (MOGAD) has an expanding phenotype. We describe two cases of MOGAD with associated severe intracranial hypertension.</div><div>Case 1: A 21-year-old male presented with diffuse cortical encephalitis and intracranial hypertension with both serum and CSF MOG antibody positivity. Initial brain CT scan was normal but subsequent demyelination was evident on MRI. Case 2: A 44-year-old female presented with a progressive brainstem encephalitis and intracranial hypertension and normal MRI, with later development of subcortical demyelination which was confirmed on brain biopsy. CSF-restricted MOG antibody was detected following the biopsy results.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Both patients presented with clinical features of severe intracranial hypertension requiring surgical management followed by immunosuppressive therapy (methylprednisone and plasma exchange; and intravenous immunoglobulin and plasma exchange) leading to clinical improvement.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>MOGAD should be in the differential diagnosis of acute severe intracranial hypertension even in the absence of demyelination on initial neuroimaging. Clinicians should be alert of this syndrome that requires combined management of intracranial pressure in addition to early and intensive immunotherapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neuroimmunology","volume":"397 ","pages":"Article 578487"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142639222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-29DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2024.578480
E.T. Moreira , M.P. Lourenço , T. Cunha-Fernandes , T.I. Silva , L.D. Siqueira , H.C. Castro-Faria-Neto , P.A. Reis
Cerebral malaria is the worst complication of malaria infection, has a high mortality rate, and may cause different neurodysfunctions, including cognitive decline. Neuroinflammation is an important cause of cognitive damage in neurodegenerative diseases, and microglial cells can be activated in a disease-associated profile leading to tissue damage and neuronal death. Here, we demonstrated that treatment with minocycline reduced blood-brain barrier breakdown and modulated ICAM1 mRNA expression; reduced proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-γ, and IL-6; and prevented long-term cognitive decline in contextual and aversive memory tasks. Taken together, our data suggest that microglial cells are activated during experimental cerebral malaria, leading to neuroinflammatory events that end up in cognitive damage. In addition, pharmacological modulation of microglial activation, by drugs such as minocycline may be an important therapeutic strategy in the prevention of long-term memory impairment.
{"title":"Minocycline inhibits microglial activation in the CA1 hippocampal region and prevents long-term cognitive sequel after experimental cerebral malaria","authors":"E.T. Moreira , M.P. Lourenço , T. Cunha-Fernandes , T.I. Silva , L.D. Siqueira , H.C. Castro-Faria-Neto , P.A. Reis","doi":"10.1016/j.jneuroim.2024.578480","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jneuroim.2024.578480","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cerebral malaria is the worst complication of malaria infection, has a high mortality rate, and may cause different neurodysfunctions, including cognitive decline. Neuroinflammation is an important cause of cognitive damage in neurodegenerative diseases, and microglial cells can be activated in a disease-associated profile leading to tissue damage and neuronal death. Here, we demonstrated that treatment with minocycline reduced blood-brain barrier breakdown and modulated ICAM1 mRNA expression; reduced proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-γ, and IL-6; and prevented long-term cognitive decline in contextual and aversive memory tasks. Taken together, our data suggest that microglial cells are activated during experimental cerebral malaria, leading to neuroinflammatory events that end up in cognitive damage. In addition, pharmacological modulation of microglial activation, by drugs such as minocycline may be an important therapeutic strategy in the prevention of long-term memory impairment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neuroimmunology","volume":"397 ","pages":"Article 578480"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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