Journal of oral pathology最新文献

The purpose of this investigation was to study the effect of snuff and experimentally induced herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection in Sprague-Dawley rats. It was demonstrated that it was possible to obtain 100% development of acute HSV-1 infection in the rat oral mucosa, but only 10% of latent reactive infection of the trigeminal ganglia. The rats were, therefore, acutely infected monthly with virus to simulate recurrence of latent infection. Virus was applied topically to the mucous membrane twice with an interval of one month. Snuff was administered between the virus applications and afterwards to half the virus-exposed animals. Sham-infected rats were given snuff during the same period (18 months). A fourth group of rats were left untreated. A complete post-mortem examination was performed. Two rats exposed to snuff and HSV-1 in combination developed squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. It was also found that rats exposed to snuff alone or in combination with HSV-1 had a higher incidence of tumours or tumour-like conditions than control rats exposed to HSV-1 only. The incidence of malignant tumours was significantly higher in rats exposed to snuff or HSV-1 and snuff in combination than in control animals (p less than 0.05). The results of the study indicate that HSV-1 in combination with snuff exposure may be associated with the development of squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity.

Some clinical and histological characteristics of 23 oral carcinomas in the anterior vestibulum of snuff dipping Swedish males with an average age of 76 years were investigated. Examples of verrucous carcinomas as well as of ordinary, usually verrucoid but also ulcerating, squamous cell carcinomas were encountered. Widespread oral leukoplakia and second primary carcinoma--oral or other--was present in 5 and 6 cases respectively, and occurred together in 3 of these. Eleven cases out of 19 available for additional sectioning and staining showed candidal infection.

We present the second case of plasmacytoid myoepithelioma of the palate, which was studied by light and electron microscopy. Apart from plasmacytoid cells, some spindle-shaped cells were observed. Both types of neoplastic cells had myoepithelial features, showing abundant 50-80 A thick filaments in the cytoplasm, and exhibited desmosomal junctions. A light cells with less abundant filaments and better equipped with other organelles were observed. Our findings show that there is no clear-cut distinction between the so-called plasmacytoid myoepithelioma and the spindle and stellate myoepithelioma. We suggest that the ultrastructural appearance of these tumors together with the usual histological criteria for malignancy for may be used to evaluate their prognosis.

Young rats, fed a low calcium and vitamin D deficient diet for 2 weeks, developed hypocalcemia, an increased activity of serum alkaline phosphatase and an increase in the serum concentration of immunoreactive parathyroid hormone. An increased activity of lactate dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase in odontoblasts was found. No shift in the general energy metabolic pathway was found as visualized in the lactate dehydrogenase iso-enzyme pattern. The dominating lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme in odontoblasts from both the normal and the deficient rats was LDH 1 (H4, LD5), thus indicating primarily an aerobic energy-metabolism Also the activities of the lysosomal enzymes acid phosphatase, cathepsin D and hyaluronidase in the odontoblasts from the deficient animals were increased when compared to the normal animals. No significant change could be demonstrated for beta-glucuronidase and beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase. It was earlier found that this deficient diet caused an increase in odontoblast alkaline phosphatase activities and protein synthesis in vitro. In view of the present findings it might be concluded that the low calcium and vitamin D deficient diet causes a general increase in the odontoblast metabolism. It is not known whether this is due to the increase in parathyroid hormone or if it is a direct effect of the lowered serum calcium concentration.

In vivo pulpal responses in monkeys and in vitro bacterial inhibition studies were completed on new copper amalgams, Sybraloy, Dispersalloy, Tytin and a conventional Spheraloy amalgam. Amalgams were placed in cavities lined with ZOE and in unlined cavities. Silicate and ZOE were used as controls. A total of 165 adult monkey teeth were evaluated at 3 days, 5 and 8 weeks. At 3 days the pulpal responses elicited by the copper amalgams appeared similar to conventional Spheraloy, all showing a slight to moderate response. At 5 weeks the majority of amalgams exhibited a slight pulpar response with a tubular reparative dentin under each restoration. The 8 week pulpal response showed a reduction of the inflammatory response characterized by a tubular reparative dentin with a uniform zone of predentin. Lined ZOE controls exhibited a slight response while silicate showed a moderate response with some persistent chronic inflammation. In vitro bacterial tests revealed that the various amalgams had little to no inhibitory effect on the three serotypes of S. mutans that are most prominent in humans.

The distribution of sulphated glycosaminoglycans (GAG's) in the human temporomandibular joint disk and its relationship to sex, age and osteoarthrosis was studied by histochemical methods in autopsy material from 18 individuals. The disks were embedded in paraffin and frontal sections, 5-7 mu thick, were cut at different levels. Two staining methods were used, toluidine blue at pH 0.5 and alcian blue with different concentrations of MgCl2. The two methods gave comparable results. The sulphated GAG's as represented by metachromatic staining with toluidine blue at pH 0.5 and staining with alcian blue in concentrations of MgCl2 above 0.55-M were found in the central load-bearing part of the disks evenly distributed in the medio-lateral direction. The findings from the alcian blue staining method indicated the presence of sulphated GAG's with characteristics similar to chondroitin/dermatan sulphate and keratan sulphate. The latter finding was most frequent in a surface zone )10-100 mu) located mainly in the central part of the disks. In macroscopically thin areas of the disks judged as early osteoarthrosis a significant reduction in the staining of sulphated GAG's could be observed. No age or sex differences were found in the distribution of GAG's, either in normal or in osteoarthrotic disks.

The labeling index of the infiltrate of oral lichen planus lesions was significantly greater than that of normal mucosa, and its labeling activity redistributed, as determined by in vitro autoradiography. An electron microscopic examination of the infiltrate of lichen planus lesions of oral mucosa and skin supported the concept that the lichen planus infiltrate represents a cell mediated immune response in which T lymphocytes and macrophages are predominant.

Central papillary atrophy and other anomalies of the tongue were studied among 175 diabetic outpatients attending the Tygerberg Hospital. Atrophic lesions of the tongue were found in 26.9% of the patients and 91.7% of these lesions were central papillary atrophy. The degree of control of the diabetes as measured by plasma glucose and urine analyses was not related to the frequency of central papillary atrophy. The prevalence of central papillary atrophy in diabetics was found to be much higher than that of central papillary atrophy and median rhomboid glossitis found in previous investigations among other populations. It is suggested that patients with central papillary atrophy should be screened to rule out diabetes mellitus as the underlying cause. Double central fissures, producing well demarcated triangular areas with their bases at the "sulcus terminalis", were seen in nine instances (5.1%). Four of these areas were associated with central papillary atrophy; the remaining five were covered by non-atrophic mucosa with filiform and fungiform papillae.