Pathologic changes of free sebaceous glands are rare compared to those of the skin. Two keratin-filled pseudocysts which developed in the excretory ducts of sebaceous glands in the vermilion border of the lower lip in an 86-year-old woman are described. The entity is probably related to milia of the skin.
The mouth harbors organisms in great abundance; yet their variety is limited and it is noteworthy that some species present in the mouth are not found elsewhere. There are many antibacterial substances in the mouth, some of which may contribute to the control of the microbial flora in the mouth. The activity of some is enhanced in the presence of specific antibody, e.g. lactoferrin, although others appear unaffected, e.g. lactoperoxidase. Opinions differ as to whether the level of immunoglobulins in human saliva can be related to caries. Although it has been established in principle that caries can be prevented in animals by means of vaccination, substantial work remains to be done before a vaccine will be available for testing in humans.
Collagenases derived from bovine and human gingiva are inhibited effectively by serum. In bovine and human serum fractionated by gel chromatography, alpha2-macroglobulin is the only significant inhibitor of gingival collagenase. alpha11-Antitrypsin inhibited collagenase only in very high concentration and was several hundred-fold less effective than alpha2-macroglobulin. Inhibition of gingival collagenase with alpha2-macroglobulin is accompanied by the formation of an enzyme-inhibitor complex, which has retained no collagenolytic activity.
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