Pub Date : 2022-07-31DOI: 10.3126/jngmc.v20i1.48157
Prabesh Panta, D. Khadka, S. Basnet, Rupak Kc, B. Khanal, G. J. Shah
Introduction: Variceal bleeding from esophageal varices has high morbidity and mortality. There are invasive and non invasive methods by which risk of bleeding can be predicted. Upper Gastro-intestinal endoscopy is invasive, uncomfortable and expensive procedure though being the gold standard to screen Esophageal Varices (EV). Aims: To know the role of non-invasive markers for prediction of esophageal varices and variceal bleed with liver cirrhosis. Methods: A prospective hospital based study was carried in the Department of Internal Medicine, Nepalgunj Medical College, Kohalpur from October 2021 to March 2022. A total of 70 patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled. The non invasive markers were done and correlated with endoscopy. Results: Our study included 70 patients with liver cirrhosis. The mean age in our study was 63.1±8.346 years. During upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, esophageal varices was present in 46 (65.71%) patients. Child Turcot Pugh Score C (81.43%) was found in majority. Significant association was found between score C (P<0.05), thrombocytopenia, Model for End stage Liver Disease Score (P=0.017) and low albumin level with esophageal varices and variceal bleeding. Similarly, significant alcohol intake was associated with esophageal varices and variceal bleed. However, no association was found between age and esophageal varices. Conclusion: Child Turcot Pugh score, thrombocytopenia, low albumin level and Model for End stage Liver Disease along with significant alcohol intake correlated with presence of esophageal varices and can be considered as non invasive tools for screening of esophageal varices and variceal bleeding in cirrhosis.
{"title":"Predictors of Esophageal Varices and Risk of Variceal Bleeding in Patients of Liver Cirrhosis","authors":"Prabesh Panta, D. Khadka, S. Basnet, Rupak Kc, B. Khanal, G. J. Shah","doi":"10.3126/jngmc.v20i1.48157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jngmc.v20i1.48157","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Variceal bleeding from esophageal varices has high morbidity and mortality. There are invasive and non invasive methods by which risk of bleeding can be predicted. Upper Gastro-intestinal endoscopy is invasive, uncomfortable and expensive procedure though being the gold standard to screen Esophageal Varices (EV). \u0000Aims: To know the role of non-invasive markers for prediction of esophageal varices and variceal bleed with liver cirrhosis. \u0000Methods: A prospective hospital based study was carried in the Department of Internal Medicine, Nepalgunj Medical College, Kohalpur from October 2021 to March 2022. A total of 70 patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled. The non invasive markers were done and correlated with endoscopy. \u0000Results: Our study included 70 patients with liver cirrhosis. The mean age in our study was 63.1±8.346 years. During upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, esophageal varices was present in 46 (65.71%) patients. Child Turcot Pugh Score C (81.43%) was found in majority. Significant association was found between score C (P<0.05), thrombocytopenia, Model for End stage Liver Disease Score (P=0.017) and low albumin level with esophageal varices and variceal bleeding. Similarly, significant alcohol intake was associated with esophageal varices and variceal bleed. However, no association was found between age and esophageal varices. \u0000Conclusion: Child Turcot Pugh score, thrombocytopenia, low albumin level and Model for End stage Liver Disease along with significant alcohol intake correlated with presence of esophageal varices and can be considered as non invasive tools for screening of esophageal varices and variceal bleeding in cirrhosis.","PeriodicalId":166882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepalgunj Medical College","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125475173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-31DOI: 10.3126/jngmc.v20i1.48245
K. Gurung, Rupak Kc, I. Patel, Dhan Raj Neupane, Sandeep Pokhrel, Samjhana Gurung
Introduction: Urinary Tract Infection is one of the most common infectious diseases affecting people of all age groups. Resistance to antibiotics is highly prevalent in bacterial isolates. Aims: This study was carried out to isolate the different microbial agents and evaluate their antibiograms pattern. Methods: Hospital based descriptive cross sectional study was conducted over the period of October 2021 to January 2022 at Nepalgunj Medical College, Kohalpur, Nepal. 292 urine samples were inoculated on cysteine lactose electrolyte deficient agar and incubated at 37 0C in incubator. After overnight growth, Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria were identified on the basis of different biochemical tests. Antibiotic sensitivity test was performed by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Results: Out of 292 urine samples, 28.76 % showed microbial growth. Majority of isolates were Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Most vulnerable age group was 26-50 years. Overall pathogens were sensitive to amikacin, gentamicin, nitrofurantoin but resistant to cefixime. Conclusion: Regular surveillance of the resistance is required among microorganisms to ensure the appropriate therapy of Urinary tract infection.
{"title":"Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Bacteria Causing Urinary Tract Infection at Nepalgunj Medical College","authors":"K. Gurung, Rupak Kc, I. Patel, Dhan Raj Neupane, Sandeep Pokhrel, Samjhana Gurung","doi":"10.3126/jngmc.v20i1.48245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jngmc.v20i1.48245","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Urinary Tract Infection is one of the most common infectious diseases affecting people of all age groups. Resistance to antibiotics is highly prevalent in bacterial isolates. \u0000Aims: This study was carried out to isolate the different microbial agents and evaluate their antibiograms pattern. \u0000Methods: Hospital based descriptive cross sectional study was conducted over the period of October 2021 to January 2022 at Nepalgunj Medical College, Kohalpur, Nepal. 292 urine samples were inoculated on cysteine lactose electrolyte deficient agar and incubated at 37 0C in incubator. After overnight growth, Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria were identified on the basis of different biochemical tests. Antibiotic sensitivity test was performed by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. \u0000Results: Out of 292 urine samples, 28.76 % showed microbial growth. Majority of isolates were Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Most vulnerable age group was 26-50 years. Overall pathogens were sensitive to amikacin, gentamicin, nitrofurantoin but resistant to cefixime. \u0000Conclusion: Regular surveillance of the resistance is required among microorganisms to ensure the appropriate therapy of Urinary tract infection.","PeriodicalId":166882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepalgunj Medical College","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131467772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-31DOI: 10.3126/jngmc.v20i1.48342
Sushil Yogi, D. Shrestha, A. Shah
Introduction: Medial epicondyle fractures of humerus are one of the common pediatric elbow injuries accounting for nearly 11% of the elbow injuries. This avulsion apophyseal fracture can lead to non-union and valgus instability. Thus, open reduction and internal fixation is helpful in maintaining union and a stable functioning elbow joint. Aims: To evaluate the outcome of operative management of displaced medial epicondyle fracture of humerus by open reduction and internal fixation with Kirschner wires using MAYO elbow scoring. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at the Department of Orthopedics of Nepalgunj Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Kohalpur from July 2020 to December 2021 in childrenbetween six to 16 years of age. All the patients in study were treated by open reduction and internal fixation with K wires. Mayo elbow performance score was used for evaluating functional outcome. Results: Thirty six patients were included with the mean age of 11.5 years (SD ± 2.5). Twenty five patients were males and 11 were females. Left side was found to be predominantly involved in 23 patients (66.6%). The mean duration of union was found to be 6.6 weeks (SD±0.6). Thirty four patients had excellent result in Mayo elbow performance score while two patients showed good result. The mean Mayo elbow performance score was 96.4 (SD± 3.9). Conclusion: Open reduction and internal fixation with K wires in this type of fracture had excellent to good results. The complications like nonunion and valgus instability are found to have fewer occurrences in children treated with operative means of treatment.
{"title":"Evaluation of Displaced Medial Epicondyle Fracture in Children Treated Operatively with K Wire","authors":"Sushil Yogi, D. Shrestha, A. Shah","doi":"10.3126/jngmc.v20i1.48342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jngmc.v20i1.48342","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Medial epicondyle fractures of humerus are one of the common pediatric elbow injuries accounting for nearly 11% of the elbow injuries. This avulsion apophyseal fracture can lead to non-union and valgus instability. Thus, open reduction and internal fixation is helpful in maintaining union and a stable functioning elbow joint. \u0000Aims: To evaluate the outcome of operative management of displaced medial epicondyle fracture of humerus by open reduction and internal fixation with Kirschner wires using MAYO elbow scoring. \u0000Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at the Department of Orthopedics of Nepalgunj Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Kohalpur from July 2020 to December 2021 in childrenbetween six to 16 years of age. All the patients in study were treated by open reduction and internal fixation with K wires. Mayo elbow performance score was used for evaluating functional outcome. \u0000Results: Thirty six patients were included with the mean age of 11.5 years (SD ± 2.5). Twenty five patients were males and 11 were females. Left side was found to be predominantly involved in 23 patients (66.6%). The mean duration of union was found to be 6.6 weeks (SD±0.6). Thirty four patients had excellent result in Mayo elbow performance score while two patients showed good result. The mean Mayo elbow performance score was 96.4 (SD± 3.9). \u0000Conclusion: Open reduction and internal fixation with K wires in this type of fracture had excellent to good results. The complications like nonunion and valgus instability are found to have fewer occurrences in children treated with operative means of treatment.","PeriodicalId":166882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepalgunj Medical College","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129537547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-31DOI: 10.3126/jngmc.v20i1.48247
S. Bhandari, D. Paudel, S. Mahaseth
Introduction: Nasal obstruction is the most common symptom of deviated nasal septum. Septoplasty is a surgical procedure that corrects deformity of the nasal septum. Sinonasal outcome test 22 is a subjective questionnaire tool that include various nasal symptoms which is useful to measure patient`s symptoms outcome after septoplasty. Aims: To determine the symptomatologic outcome in patients with deviated nasal septum following septoplasty using Sinonasal outcome test 22. Methods: This prospective longitudinal study was done atNepalgunj Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Kohalpur including 60 patients of symptomatic deviated nasal septum who underwent septoplasty. Details of patient symptoms as per Sinonasal outcome test - 22 were graded from zero to five preoperatively and were compared one month following surgery. Results: Patients who underwent septoplasty were commonly in the age group 20-45 years and least in the age group 46-60 years with a mean age of 25.48. In the present study, the male to female ratio was 1.4:1. Deviated nasal septum was more common on the left side (53.3%). The mean preoperative sinonasal outcome test -22 score was 24.42 (range 14-40), and the mean postoperative sinonasal outcome test-22 score was 12.93 (range 8-23) and the difference was 11.49. Conclusion: Sinonasal outcome test 22 is a subjective questionnaire tool used in patients with deviated nasal septum. In our study with the use of this questionnaire tool there was improvement in nasal symptoms on comparing preoperative and postoperative symptoms following septoplasty.
{"title":"Validity of Sinonasal Outcome Test 22 in Assessing Symptomatological Outcome Following Septoplasty in Deviated Nasal Septum","authors":"S. Bhandari, D. Paudel, S. Mahaseth","doi":"10.3126/jngmc.v20i1.48247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jngmc.v20i1.48247","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Nasal obstruction is the most common symptom of deviated nasal septum. Septoplasty is a surgical procedure that corrects deformity of the nasal septum. Sinonasal outcome test 22 is a subjective questionnaire tool that include various nasal symptoms which is useful to measure patient`s symptoms outcome after septoplasty. \u0000Aims: To determine the symptomatologic outcome in patients with deviated nasal septum following septoplasty using Sinonasal outcome test 22. \u0000Methods: This prospective longitudinal study was done atNepalgunj Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Kohalpur including 60 patients of symptomatic deviated nasal septum who underwent septoplasty. Details of patient symptoms as per Sinonasal outcome test - 22 were graded from zero to five preoperatively and were compared one month following surgery. \u0000Results: Patients who underwent septoplasty were commonly in the age group 20-45 years and least in the age group 46-60 years with a mean age of 25.48. In the present study, the male to female ratio was 1.4:1. Deviated nasal septum was more common on the left side (53.3%). The mean preoperative sinonasal outcome test -22 score was 24.42 (range 14-40), and the mean postoperative sinonasal outcome test-22 score was 12.93 (range 8-23) and the difference was 11.49. \u0000Conclusion: Sinonasal outcome test 22 is a subjective questionnaire tool used in patients with deviated nasal septum. In our study with the use of this questionnaire tool there was improvement in nasal symptoms on comparing preoperative and postoperative symptoms following septoplasty.","PeriodicalId":166882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepalgunj Medical College","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129051292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-31DOI: 10.3126/jngmc.v20i1.48353
Pushkar Pudasaini, S. Rai, K. Nakarmi, Lokraj Chaurasia
It is known fact that adding adrenaline to local anesthetic gives many advantages but it is not practiced commonly in digital anaesthesia due to fear of ischemia due to resultant vasoconstriction. Total five cases were there. All patients received lignocaine with adrenaline in digital block. Recent literature and our findings both suggest use of adrenaline in at least a well perfused finger is safe and may give some potential advantages.
{"title":"Study of Single Subcutaneous Injection for Digital Block Using Lignocaine with Adrenaline","authors":"Pushkar Pudasaini, S. Rai, K. Nakarmi, Lokraj Chaurasia","doi":"10.3126/jngmc.v20i1.48353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jngmc.v20i1.48353","url":null,"abstract":"It is known fact that adding adrenaline to local anesthetic gives many advantages but it is not practiced commonly in digital anaesthesia due to fear of ischemia due to resultant vasoconstriction. Total five cases were there. All patients received lignocaine with adrenaline in digital block. Recent literature and our findings both suggest use of adrenaline in at least a well perfused finger is safe and may give some potential advantages.","PeriodicalId":166882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepalgunj Medical College","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129142670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-31DOI: 10.3126/jngmc.v20i1.48109
Piush Kanodia, Sameer Mahaseth, Bishnu Parajuli
Introduction: Neonatal death is an emerging challenge and a basic neonatal resuscitation within the first few minutes of life can substantially prevent neonatal mortality. Aims: To reduce neonatal mortality from birth asphyxia and development of the low cost neonatal neonatal resuscitation tool. Methods: The educational effectiveness of helping baby breathe training on newborn simulator, knowledge of trainees from Doctors, Nurses and Medical Students was evaluated before and after training on 19th & 20th November 2021, 10th & 11th December 2021 and 6th & 7th January 2022 respectively. A post course practical skills evaluation was performed on a Neonatalie Newborn Simulator. Participants underwent a two days training course of five hours each day. Results: Seventy eight participants had completed the course. The percentage of correct answers on a written test significantly increased from 82% to 99% after training. 100% of the trainees achieved passing scores. Conclusion: The trainees who participate in helping baby breathe training can significantly improve their knowledge and skills on simulators.
{"title":"Effectiveness of Helping Babies Breathe Training on Knowledge and Skills for Health Professional and Medical Doctors at Nepalgunj Medical College","authors":"Piush Kanodia, Sameer Mahaseth, Bishnu Parajuli","doi":"10.3126/jngmc.v20i1.48109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jngmc.v20i1.48109","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Neonatal death is an emerging challenge and a basic neonatal resuscitation within the first few minutes of life can substantially prevent neonatal mortality.\u0000Aims: To reduce neonatal mortality from birth asphyxia and development of the low cost neonatal neonatal resuscitation tool.\u0000Methods: The educational effectiveness of helping baby breathe training on newborn simulator, knowledge of trainees from Doctors, Nurses and Medical Students was evaluated before and after training on 19th & 20th November 2021, 10th & 11th December 2021 and 6th & 7th January 2022 respectively. A post course practical skills evaluation was performed on a Neonatalie Newborn Simulator. Participants underwent a two days training course of five hours each day.\u0000Results: Seventy eight participants had completed the course. The percentage of correct answers on a written test significantly increased from 82% to 99% after training. 100% of the trainees achieved passing scores.\u0000Conclusion: The trainees who participate in helping baby breathe training can significantly improve their knowledge and skills on simulators.","PeriodicalId":166882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepalgunj Medical College","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133530527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-31DOI: 10.3126/jngmc.v20i1.48351
Digbijay Bikram Khadka, S. Bharti, Sagun Jung Khadka, Anup Sharma
Introduction: Peptic ulcer is an insult to the mucosa of the upper digestive tract. Helicobacter pylori infection, long term use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or steroids, excessive alcohol ingestion and smoking are common etiological factors. A number of scoring systems for prediction of outcomes in perforated peptic ulcer patients have been developed such as Predictive score of mortality in perforated peptic ulcer score and Boey score. Aims: To evaluate Predictive score of mortality in perforated peptic ulcer score and Boey Score in predicting accuracy of mortality in patients with peptic ulcer perforation. Methods: A hospital based study was conducted from June 2021 to May 2022 in the department of Surgery, Nepalgunj Medical College, Kohalpur. The Predictive score of mortality in perforated peptic ulcer and Boey score were recorded after history taking, physical examination, basic pre-operative investigations and radiological imaging. The patients were classified into high risk and low risk categories based on scores and followed up to predict the mortality within 30 days post operatively. Results: 80 patients were included in the study. 53 were male and 27 female. Peptic ulcer perforation was seen more in age groups of 45 to 60 years. In Boey score 8 patients out of 27 high risk patients died whereas in Predictive score of mortality in perforated peptic ulcer score 8 patients died out of 12 high risk patients. When compared, predictive score of mortality in perforated peptic ulcer was found to be more accurate than Boey score (p-<0.05) score. Conclusion: Predictive score of mortality in perforated peptic ulcer is easy to use and more accurate in predicting mortality in peptic ulcer perforation than Boey score.
{"title":"POMPP Score and Boey Score: To Predict Mortality in Peptic Ulcer Perforation","authors":"Digbijay Bikram Khadka, S. Bharti, Sagun Jung Khadka, Anup Sharma","doi":"10.3126/jngmc.v20i1.48351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jngmc.v20i1.48351","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Peptic ulcer is an insult to the mucosa of the upper digestive tract. Helicobacter pylori infection, long term use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or steroids, excessive alcohol ingestion and smoking are common etiological factors. A number of scoring systems for prediction of outcomes in perforated peptic ulcer patients have been developed such as Predictive score of mortality in perforated peptic ulcer score and Boey score. \u0000Aims: To evaluate Predictive score of mortality in perforated peptic ulcer score and Boey Score in predicting accuracy of mortality in patients with peptic ulcer perforation. \u0000Methods: A hospital based study was conducted from June 2021 to May 2022 in the department of Surgery, Nepalgunj Medical College, Kohalpur. The Predictive score of mortality in perforated peptic ulcer and Boey score were recorded after history taking, physical examination, basic pre-operative investigations and radiological imaging. The patients were classified into high risk and low risk categories based on scores and followed up to predict the mortality within 30 days post operatively. \u0000Results: 80 patients were included in the study. 53 were male and 27 female. Peptic ulcer perforation was seen more in age groups of 45 to 60 years. In Boey score 8 patients out of 27 high risk patients died whereas in Predictive score of mortality in perforated peptic ulcer score 8 patients died out of 12 high risk patients. When compared, predictive score of mortality in perforated peptic ulcer was found to be more accurate than Boey score (p-<0.05) score. \u0000Conclusion: Predictive score of mortality in perforated peptic ulcer is easy to use and more accurate in predicting mortality in peptic ulcer perforation than Boey score.","PeriodicalId":166882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepalgunj Medical College","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133061196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-31DOI: 10.3126/jngmc.v20i1.48345
Binus Bhandari, Sugam Shrestha, D. Khadka
Introduction: Road traffic accidents are a major global health problem. Incidence of road traffic accidents can be minimized by applying safety measures and following strict traffic rules and regulations. Aims: The main purpose of our study was to find out the socio-demographic profile of the victims involved in road traffic accidents and to provide epidemiological data. Methods: This is a hospital based, cross sectional study with victims of road traffic accidents attending to Nepalgunj Medical College, Kohalpur,a tertiary care center. Consecutive patients of road traffic accidents attending emergency department or admitted in wards (surgery, orthopedic or neurosurgery) were taken and information of injury pertaining to epidemiological factors and demographic profile along with time of occurrence of accident, type of vehicle involved, the pattern of injury, site of accident and part of body involved was collected on a pre-designed proforma. Results: Total patients enrolled in the study were 410.Majority of victims were young with age group of 10-19 years(18.5%). By gender male were more affected than female (67.8% versus 32.2%).Incident was more among married couple (61%). Majority belongs to Hindu by religion (96.1%). Regarding educational level majority have attained school level education (46.8%). By occupation majority were students (36.1%) followed by private employee (16.6%). Most of road traffic accidents were happened during summer season (65.4%). Regarding time most accidents were in between 6 PM10PM. Major site of accident was highway (63.4%). Among vehicle involved 4 wheelers were more common (65.4%).Head, neck and face region was found mostly injured in this study (33.2%). Most common type of injury was abrasion (30.7%) then followed by laceration (26.3%). Conclusion: Road traffic accidents can be minimized and it’s fatal consequences also preventable by strict enforcement of traffic rules and applying safety measures.
{"title":"An Epidemiological Study of Road Traffic Accident Cases Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital","authors":"Binus Bhandari, Sugam Shrestha, D. Khadka","doi":"10.3126/jngmc.v20i1.48345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jngmc.v20i1.48345","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Road traffic accidents are a major global health problem. Incidence of road traffic accidents can be minimized by applying safety measures and following strict traffic rules and regulations. \u0000Aims: The main purpose of our study was to find out the socio-demographic profile of the victims involved in road traffic accidents and to provide epidemiological data. \u0000Methods: This is a hospital based, cross sectional study with victims of road traffic accidents attending to Nepalgunj Medical College, Kohalpur,a tertiary care center. Consecutive patients of road traffic accidents attending emergency department or admitted in wards (surgery, orthopedic or neurosurgery) were taken and information of injury pertaining to epidemiological factors and demographic profile along with time of occurrence of accident, type of vehicle involved, the pattern of injury, site of accident and part of body involved was collected on a pre-designed proforma. \u0000Results: Total patients enrolled in the study were 410.Majority of victims were young with age group of 10-19 years(18.5%). By gender male were more affected than female (67.8% versus 32.2%).Incident was more among married couple (61%). Majority belongs to Hindu by religion (96.1%). Regarding educational level majority have attained school level education (46.8%). By occupation majority were students (36.1%) followed by private employee (16.6%). Most of road traffic accidents were happened during summer season (65.4%). Regarding time most accidents were in between 6 PM10PM. Major site of accident was highway (63.4%). Among vehicle involved 4 wheelers were more common (65.4%).Head, neck and face region was found mostly injured in this study (33.2%). Most common type of injury was abrasion (30.7%) then followed by laceration (26.3%). \u0000Conclusion: Road traffic accidents can be minimized and it’s fatal consequences also preventable by strict enforcement of traffic rules and applying safety measures.","PeriodicalId":166882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepalgunj Medical College","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122794030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-31DOI: 10.3126/jngmc.v20i1.48350
Sahar Siddiqui, M. K. Shrewastwa, A. Pandey, Ambalika Shukla, S. Yadav
Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 is a highly pestilent global pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, destroying various walks of human life where the only ray of light coming through can be seen in the form of the vaccine. Nepal, having limited resources and vaccine doses, is distributing them based on immediate requirements. One’s right attitude and practices toward the current issue determined by their knowledge and awareness is the need of the hour. Awareness and right knowledge about the magnitude of damage this disease can cause, the methods of its spread, the incubation period, and the right time to seek medical help can make people conscious and adopt preventive practices which can be life-saving for themselves as well as the society in a time when the vaccine is not available for all. Aims: To assess the knowledge Among Nepalese web users about COVID-19 Methods: A descriptive web-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among the 464 web users of Nepal. Results: Out of 464 participants, there were 143 male per 100 females. The average knowledge score observed in females was 75.4% whereas for male was 73.2%. The average knowledge score of people of age below 18 years, 18-30 years, 30-60 years, and above 60 years was 45.83%, 75.39%, 67.73%, and 69.06% respectively. It was 73.33% in the postgraduates, 76.8% in the graduates, and 59.48% in the illiterates. Conclusion: The Nepalese web users were knowledgeable about COVID-19. Females had more knowledge about COVID-19 than males. People in the age group 18 to 30 years were more knowledgeable compared to other age groups.
{"title":"Assessment of Knowledge among Nepalese Web Users about COVID-19","authors":"Sahar Siddiqui, M. K. Shrewastwa, A. Pandey, Ambalika Shukla, S. Yadav","doi":"10.3126/jngmc.v20i1.48350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jngmc.v20i1.48350","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 is a highly pestilent global pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, destroying various walks of human life where the only ray of light coming through can be seen in the form of the vaccine. Nepal, having limited resources and vaccine doses, is distributing them based on immediate requirements. One’s right attitude and practices toward the current issue determined by their knowledge and awareness is the need of the hour. Awareness and right knowledge about the magnitude of damage this disease can cause, the methods of its spread, the incubation period, and the right time to seek medical help can make people conscious and adopt preventive practices which can be life-saving for themselves as well as the society in a time when the vaccine is not available for all. \u0000Aims: To assess the knowledge Among Nepalese web users about COVID-19 \u0000Methods: A descriptive web-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among the 464 web users of Nepal. \u0000Results: Out of 464 participants, there were 143 male per 100 females. The average knowledge score observed in females was 75.4% whereas for male was 73.2%. The average knowledge score of people of age below 18 years, 18-30 years, 30-60 years, and above 60 years was 45.83%, 75.39%, 67.73%, and 69.06% respectively. It was 73.33% in the postgraduates, 76.8% in the graduates, and 59.48% in the illiterates. \u0000Conclusion: The Nepalese web users were knowledgeable about COVID-19. Females had more knowledge about COVID-19 than males. People in the age group 18 to 30 years were more knowledgeable compared to other age groups.","PeriodicalId":166882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepalgunj Medical College","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122129734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-31DOI: 10.3126/jngmc.v20i1.48346
N. Paudel, A. Jha, Ujjwal Dahal
Introduction: Normal vascular supply to each kidney is by a single artery and vein on each side. This normal pattern is not found in all cases. Arterial variations can be accessory renal arteries which can be hilar, upper polar or lower polar and early branching. Venous variations can be late confluence, multiple renal veins and on left there can be retroaortic or circumaortic course of the left renal vein. Aims: To evaluate renal vasculature variations in patients who undergo contrast enhanced MultiDetector Computed Tomography of the abdomen. Methods: This was a hospital based cross sectional study done in 290 consecutive patients who underwent contrast enhanced Multi Detector Computed Tomography abdomen in Nepalgunj Medical College. Normal as well as variations in renal vasculature was evaluated. Results: Total of 158 (54.48%) cases had normal arterial supply. Out of 132 cases with renal arterial variation, 96 cases (72.7%) were unilateral and early branching was the most common unilateral renal arterial variation (36.4%) followed by upper polar (20.8%), lower polar (20.8%) and hilar (16.6%) arteries. Concurrent upper and lower polar arteries and combined early branching and lower polar arterial system were the most common multiple unilateral renal arterial variation seen in 2.08% cases respectively. 36 (27.27%) cases had bilateral renal arterial variations. Most cases had early branching in bilateral renal arteries seen in 9.09% cases. Venous variations were seen in 11.03%.Late confluence was the most common variation seen in 62.5% cases with variations. Rest were multiple renal veins. Left sided retroaortic and circumaortic course and bilateral renal vein variations were not found in our study. Conclusion: Renal vasculature variations were frequently observed in routine contrast enhanced Multi Detector Computed Tomography evaluation of abdomen. Renal arterial variation was more common than venous variations. Unilateral variations were more common than bilateral.
{"title":"Variations of Renal Vasculature in Multi Detector Computed Tomography Evaluation of Abdomen","authors":"N. Paudel, A. Jha, Ujjwal Dahal","doi":"10.3126/jngmc.v20i1.48346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jngmc.v20i1.48346","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Normal vascular supply to each kidney is by a single artery and vein on each side. This normal pattern is not found in all cases. Arterial variations can be accessory renal arteries which can be hilar, upper polar or lower polar and early branching. Venous variations can be late confluence, multiple renal veins and on left there can be retroaortic or circumaortic course of the left renal vein. \u0000Aims: To evaluate renal vasculature variations in patients who undergo contrast enhanced MultiDetector Computed Tomography of the abdomen. \u0000Methods: This was a hospital based cross sectional study done in 290 consecutive patients who underwent contrast enhanced Multi Detector Computed Tomography abdomen in Nepalgunj Medical College. Normal as well as variations in renal vasculature was evaluated. \u0000Results: Total of 158 (54.48%) cases had normal arterial supply. Out of 132 cases with renal arterial variation, 96 cases (72.7%) were unilateral and early branching was the most common unilateral renal arterial variation (36.4%) followed by upper polar (20.8%), lower polar (20.8%) and hilar (16.6%) arteries. Concurrent upper and lower polar arteries and combined early branching and lower polar arterial system were the most common multiple unilateral renal arterial variation seen in 2.08% cases respectively. 36 (27.27%) cases had bilateral renal arterial variations. Most cases had early branching in bilateral renal arteries seen in 9.09% cases. Venous variations were seen in 11.03%.Late confluence was the most common variation seen in 62.5% cases with variations. Rest were multiple renal veins. Left sided retroaortic and circumaortic course and bilateral renal vein variations were not found in our study. \u0000Conclusion: Renal vasculature variations were frequently observed in routine contrast enhanced Multi Detector Computed Tomography evaluation of abdomen. Renal arterial variation was more common than venous variations. Unilateral variations were more common than bilateral.","PeriodicalId":166882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepalgunj Medical College","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132075253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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