Pub Date : 2022-07-31DOI: 10.3126/jngmc.v20i1.48348
Durga Bc
Introduction: The Levonorgestrel intrauterine system (MIRENA) is a long acting contraceptive device act by releasing progesterone into the uterus It is also efficient in medical management of abnormal uterine bleeding. Levonorgestrel intrauterine system is best option for those ladies who want to avoid surgery in cases of abnormal uterine bleeding. Aims: To assess the effectiveness of MIRENA in abnormal uterine bleeding. Methods: This is a hospital based cross sectional study done at the department of obstetrics and gynecology in ladies with history of abnormal uterine bleeding. The study was done from January 2020 to January 2022 for a period of two years. Data were collected, recorded in standard Proforma and analyzed by using EESPPS version 17. Results: Majority of patients were multipara of age group 35-40 yrs. Mirena caused decrease in heavy menstrual blood loss by 2.4% in 4month of use and 47.6% by one year. After one year of use 83.3% patient had better compliance, 9.5% had expulsion, and only 7.1% had to undergo hysterectomy. Conclusion: Mirena is the best alternative in the medical management of abnormal uterine bleeding with good patient compliance reducing the rate of hysterectomy.
{"title":"Levonorgestrel Intrauterine System (MIRENA): Initial Experience in the Management of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding","authors":"Durga Bc","doi":"10.3126/jngmc.v20i1.48348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jngmc.v20i1.48348","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The Levonorgestrel intrauterine system (MIRENA) is a long acting contraceptive device act by releasing progesterone into the uterus It is also efficient in medical management of abnormal uterine bleeding. Levonorgestrel intrauterine system is best option for those ladies who want to avoid surgery in cases of abnormal uterine bleeding. \u0000Aims: To assess the effectiveness of MIRENA in abnormal uterine bleeding. \u0000Methods: This is a hospital based cross sectional study done at the department of obstetrics and gynecology in ladies with history of abnormal uterine bleeding. The study was done from January 2020 to January 2022 for a period of two years. Data were collected, recorded in standard Proforma and analyzed by using EESPPS version 17. \u0000Results: Majority of patients were multipara of age group 35-40 yrs. Mirena caused decrease in heavy menstrual blood loss by 2.4% in 4month of use and 47.6% by one year. After one year of use 83.3% patient had better compliance, 9.5% had expulsion, and only 7.1% had to undergo hysterectomy. \u0000Conclusion: Mirena is the best alternative in the medical management of abnormal uterine bleeding with good patient compliance reducing the rate of hysterectomy.","PeriodicalId":166882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepalgunj Medical College","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125905454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-31DOI: 10.3126/jngmc.v20i1.48349
Sailesh Chaudhary, G. J. Shah
Introduction: Physical activity is an indicator of physical function that preserve or promotes cerebral blood flow which in turn is associating with better functioning cognitive function. Cognitive functions can be assessed using reaction time. It is the ability to quick motor response to definite stimulus, while the time that elapses between the sensory stimulation and the motor activity. Aims: To assess the cognitive function of medical students using visual & auditory reaction times in different fitness groups and to correlate values of reaction times to recovery heart rate. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 57 consenting healthy medical students age 17-30 years, underwent 3-Minutes Step Test to assess their physical fitness along with Auditory reaction time and Visual reaction time to assess their cognitive function. Based on Recovery heart rate which was calculated after 3-Minute step test. Students were categorized into four groups that is good, satisfactory, poor and very poor their Auditory reaction time and Visual reaction time T were measured for these groups. Results: Results showed Auditory reaction time and Visual reaction time was statistically significant when all groups of physically fitness were compared (p-0.014). When pairs of groups were compared significant differences of Auditory reaction time was found good fitness level Vs very poor fitness level in Auditory reaction time (p0.008) and significant difference of Visual reaction time was found between good fitness level Vs satisfactory fitness level in Visual reaction time (p-0.028). Comparison of many other pairs of fitness groups found to be non-significant. Conclusion: Good fitness level has higher cognition which can be achieved by doing physical activity to improve the fitness level.
{"title":"Reaction Time Based Cognitive Functions and Associated Recovery Heart Rate in Medical Student","authors":"Sailesh Chaudhary, G. J. Shah","doi":"10.3126/jngmc.v20i1.48349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jngmc.v20i1.48349","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Physical activity is an indicator of physical function that preserve or promotes cerebral blood flow which in turn is associating with better functioning cognitive function. Cognitive functions can be assessed using reaction time. It is the ability to quick motor response to definite stimulus, while the time that elapses between the sensory stimulation and the motor activity. \u0000Aims: To assess the cognitive function of medical students using visual & auditory reaction times in different fitness groups and to correlate values of reaction times to recovery heart rate. \u0000Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 57 consenting healthy medical students age 17-30 years, underwent 3-Minutes Step Test to assess their physical fitness along with Auditory reaction time and Visual reaction time to assess their cognitive function. Based on Recovery heart rate which was calculated after 3-Minute step test. Students were categorized into four groups that is good, satisfactory, poor and very poor their Auditory reaction time and Visual reaction time T were measured for these groups. \u0000Results: Results showed Auditory reaction time and Visual reaction time was statistically significant when all groups of physically fitness were compared (p-0.014). When pairs of groups were compared significant differences of Auditory reaction time was found good fitness level Vs very poor fitness level in Auditory reaction time (p0.008) and significant difference of Visual reaction time was found between good fitness level Vs satisfactory fitness level in Visual reaction time (p-0.028). Comparison of many other pairs of fitness groups found to be non-significant. \u0000Conclusion: Good fitness level has higher cognition which can be achieved by doing physical activity to improve the fitness level.","PeriodicalId":166882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepalgunj Medical College","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130699569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-31DOI: 10.3126/jngmc.v20i1.48105
P. Tiwari, P. Thapa, Binod Karki, S. Kc
Introduction: The severity of the chronic liver disease can be assessed by several non-invasive methods one of them includes scoring system like Child-Pugh classification. Aims: The objective of this study was to assess the correlation of Child Pugh class with esophageal varices in patients with liver cirrhosis. Methods: This was a cross-sectional hospital-based study of 406 patients with liver cirrhosis. Demographic and relevant clinical data were collected using a standardized questionnaire. Abdominal ultrasound, liver function test, full blood count, viral markers were done for all patients. All patients underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy to screen for varices and if found were categorized as small and large. Results: A total of 406 patients with a mean age of 48 ± 11 years were evaluated. There were 72.4% and 27.6% men and women respectively. Variceal screening by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed esophageal varices in 90.1% patients. By Child-Pugh Classification, 60 (14.8%) patients were in class A, 156 (38.4%) in class B and 190 (46.8%) in class C. Among patients with Child class A, 29 (48.3%) had varices. Similarly, 147 (94.2%) and 190 (100%) of Child class B & C had varices respectively. Odds of presence of esophageal varix were 9 times higher for patients with Child-Pugh Classification B and C compared to class A. Conclusion: Most patients with cirrhosis present late and with advanced stage in this referral center. Most have esophageal varices on their first screening endoscopy. Child-Pugh classification is a reliable measure of stratifying variceal risk in chronic liver disease patients.
{"title":"Correlation of Child-Pugh Classification with Esophageal Varices in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis","authors":"P. Tiwari, P. Thapa, Binod Karki, S. Kc","doi":"10.3126/jngmc.v20i1.48105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jngmc.v20i1.48105","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The severity of the chronic liver disease can be assessed by several non-invasive methods one of them includes scoring system like Child-Pugh classification. \u0000Aims: The objective of this study was to assess the correlation of Child Pugh class with esophageal varices in patients with liver cirrhosis. \u0000Methods: This was a cross-sectional hospital-based study of 406 patients with liver cirrhosis. Demographic and relevant clinical data were collected using a standardized questionnaire. Abdominal ultrasound, liver function test, full blood count, viral markers were done for all patients. All patients underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy to screen for varices and if found were categorized as small and large. \u0000Results: A total of 406 patients with a mean age of 48 ± 11 years were evaluated. There were 72.4% and 27.6% men and women respectively. Variceal screening by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed esophageal varices in 90.1% patients. By Child-Pugh Classification, 60 (14.8%) patients were in class A, 156 (38.4%) in class B and 190 (46.8%) in class C. Among patients with Child class A, 29 (48.3%) had varices. Similarly, 147 (94.2%) and 190 (100%) of Child class B & C had varices respectively. Odds of presence of esophageal varix were 9 times higher for patients with Child-Pugh Classification B and C compared to class A. \u0000Conclusion: Most patients with cirrhosis present late and with advanced stage in this referral center. Most have esophageal varices on their first screening endoscopy. Child-Pugh classification is a reliable measure of stratifying variceal risk in chronic liver disease patients.","PeriodicalId":166882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepalgunj Medical College","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130731126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Perinatal asphyxia is one of the common causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality. It can affect almost all the body organs and most frequently affected organs are kidneys. Acute Renal Failure is the commonest renal complication, manifested by changes in urine output and blood chemistries. Aims: To evaluate the renal function in asphyxiated newborns. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted, from August 2021 to February 2022, on 95 term neonates admitted in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Nepalgunj Medical College, Kohalpur for birth asphyxia as per World Health Organization definition. All neonates with Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy were staged by Sarnat and Sarnat staging. After 48 hours of life, blood sample was sent for investigations. Urine output was monitored and neonates were managed according to the hospital protocol. Results: Male to female ratio was M:F 1.90:1. Percentage of acute renal failure was higher in babies with higher Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy grades. It was seen in 12% in Grade I, 82% in Grade II and 100% in Grade III. Renal failure had significant association with Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy staging(p<0.05).The means of serum creatinine significantly increased with the increase in Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy grades (p<0.05). Mean serum creatinine among Grade I, Grade II and Grade III newborns were 0.9±0.44, 2.2±.93and 2.9±0.38 mg/dl respectively. Mean urinary output significantly decreased as the grades of Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy increased (p<0.05) with mean urine output 1.5±0.38, 1.3±0.53and 1.1±0.39 ml/kg/hour respectively in Grade I, Grade II and Grade III. Conclusion: Neonates with higher grades of Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy had higher values of serum creatinine. Urine output decreased as the grading of asphyxia increased
{"title":"Acute Renal Failure in Newborns with Birth Asphyxia","authors":"Rajesh Kc, Piush Kanodia, Shyam Nandan Sah, Sumit Adhikari","doi":"10.3126/jngmc.v20i1.48089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jngmc.v20i1.48089","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Perinatal asphyxia is one of the common causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality. It can affect almost all the body organs and most frequently affected organs are kidneys. Acute Renal Failure is the commonest renal complication, manifested by changes in urine output and blood chemistries. \u0000Aims: To evaluate the renal function in asphyxiated newborns. \u0000Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted, from August 2021 to February 2022, on 95 term neonates admitted in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Nepalgunj Medical College, Kohalpur for birth asphyxia as per World Health Organization definition. All neonates with Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy were staged by Sarnat and Sarnat staging. After 48 hours of life, blood sample was sent for investigations. Urine output was monitored and neonates were managed according to the hospital protocol. \u0000Results: Male to female ratio was M:F 1.90:1. Percentage of acute renal failure was higher in babies with higher Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy grades. It was seen in 12% in Grade I, 82% in Grade II and 100% in Grade III. Renal failure had significant association with Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy staging(p<0.05).The means of serum creatinine significantly increased with the increase in Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy grades (p<0.05). Mean serum creatinine among Grade I, Grade II and Grade III newborns were 0.9±0.44, 2.2±.93and 2.9±0.38 mg/dl respectively. Mean urinary output significantly decreased as the grades of Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy increased (p<0.05) with mean urine output 1.5±0.38, 1.3±0.53and 1.1±0.39 ml/kg/hour respectively in Grade I, Grade II and Grade III. \u0000Conclusion: Neonates with higher grades of Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy had higher values of serum creatinine. Urine output decreased as the grading of asphyxia increased","PeriodicalId":166882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepalgunj Medical College","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125204019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-31DOI: 10.3126/jngmc.v20i1.48154
Ram Sagar Shah, Nischal Shrestha
Introduction: Urolithiasis refers to a condition characterized by the formation or occurrence of calculi in the urinary tract. In Asia, about 1%-19.1% of the population suffers from urolithiasis. Pneumatic and laser intra corporeal lithotripsy are mostly preferred and frequently used during endoscopic management for ureteral stone. Aims: This study was done to compare the efficacy of the laser versus pneumatic lithotripsy. Methods: This was a prospective comparative study conducted from May 2019 to April 2020 in Nobel Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar. Patients with mid- or distal ureteric calculi of size 5mm and more or failed medical management were included in the study. The patients were equally divided into two groups: laser & pneumatic. The efficacy of the procedure was measured in terms of stone clearance. Stone size less than 5mm, nephrolithiasis on same side of ureteric stone, pregnancy, bleeding disorder and patient not giving consent were excluded from the study. Results: Total 130 patients were enrolled in this study. The stone clearance was observed in 86.15% in pneumatic group and 96.92% in laser group at the end of 6 weeks. In pneumatic group 13.85% did not achieve stone clearance where as in laser group it was 3.08%. In patients with mid ureteric stone the clearance rate was significantly higher in laser group (93.33%) than in pneumatic group.(p=0.041) When the clearance rate of two techniques were compared for distal ureteric stone the results were similar. The mean operation time was 28.89 ± 8.26 min in pneumatic group and 22.93 ± 6.05 min in laser group(p<0.05). Conclusion: Holmium: YAG laser lithotripsy is superior to pneumatic lithotripter in terms of stone clearance rate for the mid ureteric calculus and also less time consuming.
导言:尿石症是指以尿路结石形成或发生为特征的一种疾病。在亚洲，约1%-19.1%的人口患有尿石症。在输尿管结石的内镜治疗中，气压和激光体外碎石是首选和常用的方法。目的:本研究比较激光碎石与气压碎石的疗效。方法:前瞻性比较研究于2019年5月至2020年4月在比拉特纳格尔诺贝尔医学院和教学医院进行。输尿管中端或远端结石直径大于5mm或治疗失败的患者纳入研究。患者平均分为两组:激光组和气动组。该程序的有效性是根据结石清除来衡量的。排除结石小于5mm、输尿管结石同侧肾结石、妊娠、出血性疾病及不同意患者。结果:本研究共纳入130例患者。6周后，气动组结石清除率86.15%，激光组结石清除率96.92%。气动组达13.85%，激光组达3.08%。输尿管中段结石，激光组的清除率(93.33%)明显高于气动组(p=0.041)，输尿管远端结石的清除率比较两种方法的结果相似。气动组平均手术时间28.89±8.26 min，激光组平均手术时间22.93±6.05 min (p<0.05)。结论:钬激光碎石术治疗输尿管中段结石清除率优于气动碎石术，且耗时短。
{"title":"Efficacy of Laser Vs Pneumatic Lithotripsy for Mid and Distal Ureteric Stone: A Comparative Study","authors":"Ram Sagar Shah, Nischal Shrestha","doi":"10.3126/jngmc.v20i1.48154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jngmc.v20i1.48154","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Urolithiasis refers to a condition characterized by the formation or occurrence of calculi in the urinary tract. In Asia, about 1%-19.1% of the population suffers from urolithiasis. Pneumatic and laser intra corporeal lithotripsy are mostly preferred and frequently used during endoscopic management for ureteral stone. \u0000Aims: This study was done to compare the efficacy of the laser versus pneumatic lithotripsy. \u0000Methods: This was a prospective comparative study conducted from May 2019 to April 2020 in Nobel Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar. Patients with mid- or distal ureteric calculi of size 5mm and more or failed medical management were included in the study. The patients were equally divided into two groups: laser & pneumatic. The efficacy of the procedure was measured in terms of stone clearance. Stone size less than 5mm, nephrolithiasis on same side of ureteric stone, pregnancy, bleeding disorder and patient not giving consent were excluded from the study. \u0000Results: Total 130 patients were enrolled in this study. The stone clearance was observed in 86.15% in pneumatic group and 96.92% in laser group at the end of 6 weeks. In pneumatic group 13.85% did not achieve stone clearance where as in laser group it was 3.08%. In patients with mid ureteric stone the clearance rate was significantly higher in laser group (93.33%) than in pneumatic group.(p=0.041) When the clearance rate of two techniques were compared for distal ureteric stone the results were similar. The mean operation time was 28.89 ± 8.26 min in pneumatic group and 22.93 ± 6.05 min in laser group(p<0.05). \u0000Conclusion: Holmium: YAG laser lithotripsy is superior to pneumatic lithotripter in terms of stone clearance rate for the mid ureteric calculus and also less time consuming.","PeriodicalId":166882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepalgunj Medical College","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129588257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-31DOI: 10.3126/jngmc.v20i1.48321
P. Karki, Roshani Ranabhat, D. Shrestha, Dipendra Kc, S. Sapkota
Introduction: Proximal humeral fracture accounts for four to five percentage of all fractures. Undisplaced fractures can be managed conservatively however, for displaced fractures; no particular method is a panacea. In our study we treated displaced proximal humeral fracture with Joshi’s external stabilizing system. Aims: To evaluate functional outcome of displaced proximal humerus fractures managed byJoshi’s external stabilizing system. Methods: This prospective study includedall patients with displaced proximal humerus fracture (Neer’s type two and three); treated with JESS from August 2018 to August 2021at Nepalgunj Medical College, Kohalupurand functional outcome was evaluated using Neer’s criteria at final follow-up. Ethical clearance was obtained from Institutional Review Committee. Results: A total of 40 patients, 23 males and 17 females with mean age of 41.2 years (range from 18 to 60) were included. Mean follow-up duration was 24 ± 1.7 weeks. All fractures united at an average of 13 ± 1.7 weeks. Twenty-nine patients (72.5%) had an excellent result with average score of 92.7 ± 2.3 and remaining 11(27.5%) had satisfactory functional outcome with average score of 84.7 ± 1.7 according to Neer’s criteria. Three patients had bicipital tendonitis that resolved within eight weeks of implant removal while two had pin tract infection which resolved with oral antibiotics and dressing. Conclusion: Joshi’s external stabilizing system is an effective treatment option in patients with displaced proximal humeral fractures.
{"title":"Treatment Outcome of Displaced Proximal Humeral Fractures with Joshi’s External Stabilization System: A Prospective Study","authors":"P. Karki, Roshani Ranabhat, D. Shrestha, Dipendra Kc, S. Sapkota","doi":"10.3126/jngmc.v20i1.48321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jngmc.v20i1.48321","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Proximal humeral fracture accounts for four to five percentage of all fractures. Undisplaced fractures can be managed conservatively however, for displaced fractures; no particular method is a panacea. In our study we treated displaced proximal humeral fracture with Joshi’s external stabilizing system. \u0000Aims: To evaluate functional outcome of displaced proximal humerus fractures managed byJoshi’s external stabilizing system. \u0000Methods: This prospective study includedall patients with displaced proximal humerus fracture (Neer’s type two and three); treated with JESS from August 2018 to August 2021at Nepalgunj Medical College, Kohalupurand functional outcome was evaluated using Neer’s criteria at final follow-up. Ethical clearance was obtained from Institutional Review Committee. \u0000Results: A total of 40 patients, 23 males and 17 females with mean age of 41.2 years (range from 18 to 60) were included. Mean follow-up duration was 24 ± 1.7 weeks. All fractures united at an average of 13 ± 1.7 weeks. Twenty-nine patients (72.5%) had an excellent result with average score of 92.7 ± 2.3 and remaining 11(27.5%) had satisfactory functional outcome with average score of 84.7 ± 1.7 according to Neer’s criteria. Three patients had bicipital tendonitis that resolved within eight weeks of implant removal while two had pin tract infection which resolved with oral antibiotics and dressing. \u0000Conclusion: Joshi’s external stabilizing system is an effective treatment option in patients with displaced proximal humeral fractures.","PeriodicalId":166882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepalgunj Medical College","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130066257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-31DOI: 10.3126/jngmc.v20i1.48244
Narendra Prasad Banskota, Sibika Malla, Rupak Kc
Introduction: Road traffic accident has been a significant cause of mortality in today's fast paced world. Metabolic and intracranial parameters have affected the outcome of traumatic brain injury. Countless analysis on biomechanical injury and tissue damage has substantiated additional treatment strategies. Laboratory values have been less investigated to predict the outcome of brain injury. Aims: This study was done to find out the association between the serum osmolarity with severity of head injury and the outcome in traumatic brain injury. Methods: This study was conducted at Department of Neurosurgery, Nepalgunj Medical college, Kohalpur, Banke from July 2020 to June 2021. 106 patients were included in the study. Clinical profile of the patients and calculated plasma osmolarity were monitored daily. Results: 106 patients were enrolled with mean age of 39±18.6 and male study population being on the higher side. 62(58.49%) patients with Traumatic Brain Injury accounted for road traffic accident with mild head injury as the commonest presentation. In about 40.57% of the patients osmolarity ranged between 285 to 295 milliosmole/ litre with mean osmolarity of 290.99±10.60. There was no significant association between severity of head injury and serum osmolarity (p value=0.45). Conclusion: There is no association between the severity of head injury with serum osmolarity.
{"title":"Effect of Serum Osmolarity on Prognosis of Traumatic Brain Injury","authors":"Narendra Prasad Banskota, Sibika Malla, Rupak Kc","doi":"10.3126/jngmc.v20i1.48244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jngmc.v20i1.48244","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Road traffic accident has been a significant cause of mortality in today's fast paced world. Metabolic and intracranial parameters have affected the outcome of traumatic brain injury. Countless analysis on biomechanical injury and tissue damage has substantiated additional treatment strategies. Laboratory values have been less investigated to predict the outcome of brain injury. \u0000Aims: This study was done to find out the association between the serum osmolarity with severity of head injury and the outcome in traumatic brain injury. \u0000Methods: This study was conducted at Department of Neurosurgery, Nepalgunj Medical college, Kohalpur, Banke from July 2020 to June 2021. 106 patients were included in the study. Clinical profile of the patients and calculated plasma osmolarity were monitored daily. \u0000Results: 106 patients were enrolled with mean age of 39±18.6 and male study population being on the higher side. 62(58.49%) patients with Traumatic Brain Injury accounted for road traffic accident with mild head injury as the commonest presentation. In about 40.57% of the patients osmolarity ranged between 285 to 295 milliosmole/ litre with mean osmolarity of 290.99±10.60. There was no significant association between severity of head injury and serum osmolarity (p value=0.45). \u0000Conclusion: There is no association between the severity of head injury with serum osmolarity.","PeriodicalId":166882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepalgunj Medical College","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121449982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-31DOI: 10.3126/jngmc.v20i1.48156
Murli M. Gupta, Shyam Nandan Sah
Introduction: Febrile seizures are generally defined as seizures occurring in children from 6 months to 60 months of age in association with a fever greater than 38°C (100.4°F), who do not have evidence of an intracranial cause (e.g. infection, head trauma, and epilepsy), another metabolic cause of seizure (e.g. electrolyte imbalance, hypoglycemia, drug use, or drug withdrawal), or a history of an afebrile seizure. Aims: To find clinical and laboratory characteristics of febrile seizure. Methods: A hospital based cross sectional study was performed in Nepalgunj Medical College, Kohalpur, Banke from March 2021 to February 2022. Children of aged 6 months to 60 months, with fever and seizure admitted in Department of Pediatrics and visiting in outdoor fulfilling inclusion criteria were taken for the study. Detailed history and examination was performed, Data related to age, sex, family history, recurrence and relevant investigations was carried out in all patients. Results: Out of 3294 admitted patients, 82 children with febrile seizure were studied, in which 55 (67.1%) male and 27 (32.9%) were female respectively which accounts for 2.03:1 ratio. Majority of 34 (41.46%) belongs to 13-24 months of age. 70 (85.4%) had children simple febrile seizure and 12 (14.6%) had complex febrile seizure. 25 (30.5%) had recurrence history. Majority of children had history of cough 26 (31.7%). Mean total leukocyte count (TLC) was slightly higher and other are within normal range. Conclusion: Febrile seizure is more common in male, majority of children affected are below two years of age. Simple febrile seizure is more common variety.
{"title":"Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics of Febrile Seizure in Children Presenting with Seizure","authors":"Murli M. Gupta, Shyam Nandan Sah","doi":"10.3126/jngmc.v20i1.48156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jngmc.v20i1.48156","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Febrile seizures are generally defined as seizures occurring in children from 6 months to 60 months of age in association with a fever greater than 38°C (100.4°F), who do not have evidence of an intracranial cause (e.g. infection, head trauma, and epilepsy), another metabolic cause of seizure (e.g. electrolyte imbalance, hypoglycemia, drug use, or drug withdrawal), or a history of an afebrile seizure. \u0000Aims: To find clinical and laboratory characteristics of febrile seizure. \u0000Methods: A hospital based cross sectional study was performed in Nepalgunj Medical College, Kohalpur, Banke from March 2021 to February 2022. Children of aged 6 months to 60 months, with fever and seizure admitted in Department of Pediatrics and visiting in outdoor fulfilling inclusion criteria were taken for the study. Detailed history and examination was performed, Data related to age, sex, family history, recurrence and relevant investigations was carried out in all patients. \u0000Results: Out of 3294 admitted patients, 82 children with febrile seizure were studied, in which 55 (67.1%) male and 27 (32.9%) were female respectively which accounts for 2.03:1 ratio. Majority of 34 (41.46%) belongs to 13-24 months of age. 70 (85.4%) had children simple febrile seizure and 12 (14.6%) had complex febrile seizure. 25 (30.5%) had recurrence history. Majority of children had history of cough 26 (31.7%). Mean total leukocyte count (TLC) was slightly higher and other are within normal range. \u0000Conclusion: Febrile seizure is more common in male, majority of children affected are below two years of age. Simple febrile seizure is more common variety.","PeriodicalId":166882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepalgunj Medical College","volume":"234 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113959111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-16DOI: 10.3126/jngmc.v19i1.40431
Durga Bc
Introduction: Anemia in pregnancy is major health issue of developing countries responsible for adverse maternal and fetal outcome. According to World health organization pregnant women with hemoglobin level less than 11 gm/dl in first trimester and less than 10.5gm/dl in second and third trimester are considered to be anemic. Iron deficiency anemia is common during pregnancy followed by megaloblastic anemia. Aims: To find out the prevalence of anemia during pregnancy. To correlate the maternal and fetal complications associated with anemia during pregnancy. Methods: This is a prospective hospital based study done at department of obstetrics and gynecology Nepalgunj Medical College from July 2020 to January 2021. All pregnant women with hemoglobin level <11 gm/dl were enrolled in the study. Data were collected from antenatal clinic and biochemistry laboratory. Results: In this study maximum participants were of age group 20-25 consisting of 38.5%. Anemia was more common in multiparous i.e. 60% as compared to primipara i.e. 40%. In this study maximum participant had vaginal delivery (57%) followed by LSCS (29%) then instrumental delivery (14%). These ladies had complications like postpartum hemorrhage (27.7%), preterm labor (16.9%), pregnancy induced hypertension (9.2%). similarly 10.8% had sepsis and 20% had no complications. About 23.1% babies delivered by anemic ladies required neonatal intensive care. Intrauterine growth restriction was seen in 12.3%, preterm birth in 10.3% and 53.8% babies had no complications. Conclusion: The prevalence of anemia during pregnancy is high leading to adverse maternal and fetal outcome.
{"title":"Anemia among Pregnant Women at Nepalgunj Medical College","authors":"Durga Bc","doi":"10.3126/jngmc.v19i1.40431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jngmc.v19i1.40431","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Anemia in pregnancy is major health issue of developing countries responsible for adverse maternal and fetal outcome. According to World health organization pregnant women with hemoglobin level less than 11 gm/dl in first trimester and less than 10.5gm/dl in second and third trimester are considered to be anemic. Iron deficiency anemia is common during pregnancy followed by megaloblastic anemia. Aims: To find out the prevalence of anemia during pregnancy. To correlate the maternal and fetal complications associated with anemia during pregnancy. Methods: This is a prospective hospital based study done at department of obstetrics and gynecology Nepalgunj Medical College from July 2020 to January 2021. All pregnant women with hemoglobin level <11 gm/dl were enrolled in the study. Data were collected from antenatal clinic and biochemistry laboratory. Results: In this study maximum participants were of age group 20-25 consisting of 38.5%. Anemia was more common in multiparous i.e. 60% as compared to primipara i.e. 40%. In this study maximum participant had vaginal delivery (57%) followed by LSCS (29%) then instrumental delivery (14%). These ladies had complications like postpartum hemorrhage (27.7%), preterm labor (16.9%), pregnancy induced hypertension (9.2%). similarly 10.8% had sepsis and 20% had no complications. About 23.1% babies delivered by anemic ladies required neonatal intensive care. Intrauterine growth restriction was seen in 12.3%, preterm birth in 10.3% and 53.8% babies had no complications. Conclusion: The prevalence of anemia during pregnancy is high leading to adverse maternal and fetal outcome.","PeriodicalId":166882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepalgunj Medical College","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122508676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-16DOI: 10.3126/jngmc.v19i1.40261
Sanjeeva Dhakal, Prabha Kharel
Introduction: The uncontrolled spread of COVID-19 worldwide has confined millions of people to their homes. In addition to being a public physical health emergency, COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019) has significantly resulted in a large number of psychological distress and impacts. The career oriented professional students are away from their academic environment. Aims: This study aims to assess the psychological distress impact of the COVID-19 pandemic among the Proficiency Certificate Level Nursing of Nepalgunj Nursing Campus, Kohalpur, Banke, Nepal. Methods: The online survey with a link directed to students of Proficiency Certificate Level (PCL) Nursing of Nepalgunj Nursing Campus, Kohalpur, Banke, Nepal conducted during lockdown (July 16th –July 21st 2020) which was open for 6 days. Sociodemographic characteristics are the independent variables. Psychological distress was constructed using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) Scale as a dependent variables. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel. Results: The evidence of the survey showed that in total 80.2, % (severely distressed - 30.7%, moderately distressed -29.7%, mildly distressed- 19.8%) of the Proficiency Certificate Level Nursing students of Nepalgunj Nursing Campus, were having psychological distress during COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown assessed by using K10 scale. Conclusion: The present study showed that Proficiency Certificate Level Nursing students were moderately and severely distressed during lockdown of Covid-19 pandemic.
{"title":"COVID-19 Pandemic and Lockdown: Psychological Distress Impact amongst PCL Nursing Students of Nepalgunj Nursing Campus, Kohalpur, Banke, Nepal","authors":"Sanjeeva Dhakal, Prabha Kharel","doi":"10.3126/jngmc.v19i1.40261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jngmc.v19i1.40261","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The uncontrolled spread of COVID-19 worldwide has confined millions of people to their homes. In addition to being a public physical health emergency, COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019) has significantly resulted in a large number of psychological distress and impacts. The career oriented professional students are away from their academic environment. \u0000Aims: This study aims to assess the psychological distress impact of the COVID-19 pandemic among the Proficiency Certificate Level Nursing of Nepalgunj Nursing Campus, Kohalpur, Banke, Nepal. \u0000Methods: The online survey with a link directed to students of Proficiency Certificate Level (PCL) Nursing of Nepalgunj Nursing Campus, Kohalpur, Banke, Nepal conducted during lockdown (July 16th –July 21st 2020) which was open for 6 days. Sociodemographic characteristics are the independent variables. Psychological distress was constructed using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) Scale as a dependent variables. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel. \u0000Results: The evidence of the survey showed that in total 80.2, % (severely distressed - 30.7%, moderately distressed -29.7%, mildly distressed- 19.8%) of the Proficiency Certificate Level Nursing students of Nepalgunj Nursing Campus, were having psychological distress during COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown assessed by using K10 scale. \u0000Conclusion: The present study showed that Proficiency Certificate Level Nursing students were moderately and severely distressed during lockdown of Covid-19 pandemic.","PeriodicalId":166882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepalgunj Medical College","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116287773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：