Periodontal and craniofacial regeneration presents significant challenges owing to the complex tissue architecture, inadequate vascularization, and diminished stem cell populations within damaged tissues. Traditionally, autologous bone grafts or alternative bone substitute materials have been employed to address these conditions; however, these approaches are constrained by donor site morbidity, limited availability, and suboptimal regenerative efficacy. The advancement of mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC) biology has accelerated the development of cell-based therapies in modern dentistry, which now focuses on biologically driven approaches to regenerate tissues. MSC-based therapies currently under investigation, both preclinically and clinically, show promise for improving tissue integration and healing processes of both soft and hard tissues, attributable to their multipotent nature, immunomodulatory properties, and paracrine signaling capabilities. Nevertheless, obstacles persist, including inconsistent standardization, limited scalability, regulatory hurdles, a paucity of controlled studies, and restricted biomaterial options. This review evaluates MSC-based treatments for periodontal and craniofacial reconstruction by discussing recent research findings and existing obstacles. This review also examines future prospects, such as advanced biofabrication methods, including 3D printing and bioprinting, which have the potential to improve personalized cell therapy for periodontal and craniofacial regeneration.
{"title":"Cell Therapy for Periodontal, Soft-Tissue, and Craniofacial Regeneration.","authors":"Kamal Mustafa, Shuntaro Yamada, Nerea Sanchez, Magdalena Mayol, Cecilie Gjerde, Mariano Sanz","doi":"10.1111/jre.70011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jre.70011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Periodontal and craniofacial regeneration presents significant challenges owing to the complex tissue architecture, inadequate vascularization, and diminished stem cell populations within damaged tissues. Traditionally, autologous bone grafts or alternative bone substitute materials have been employed to address these conditions; however, these approaches are constrained by donor site morbidity, limited availability, and suboptimal regenerative efficacy. The advancement of mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC) biology has accelerated the development of cell-based therapies in modern dentistry, which now focuses on biologically driven approaches to regenerate tissues. MSC-based therapies currently under investigation, both preclinically and clinically, show promise for improving tissue integration and healing processes of both soft and hard tissues, attributable to their multipotent nature, immunomodulatory properties, and paracrine signaling capabilities. Nevertheless, obstacles persist, including inconsistent standardization, limited scalability, regulatory hurdles, a paucity of controlled studies, and restricted biomaterial options. This review evaluates MSC-based treatments for periodontal and craniofacial reconstruction by discussing recent research findings and existing obstacles. This review also examines future prospects, such as advanced biofabrication methods, including 3D printing and bioprinting, which have the potential to improve personalized cell therapy for periodontal and craniofacial regeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":16715,"journal":{"name":"Journal of periodontal research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144567565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<p>Since Prof. Branemark established the concept of osseointegration—“a direct structural and functional connection between bone and an implant”—[<span>1</span>]; implant dentistry has been revolutionized, progressing techniques and materials for rehabilitating patients who lost their teeth using dental implants, biomaterials, and implant-supported prostheses [<span>2</span>]. After long years of clinical follow-ups, the use of dental implants proved to be a reliable long-term treatment for patients with unquestionable survival rates [<span>2</span>]. In the early ages of osseointegration, a successful osseointegrated implant was considered when after a healing period of 6–8 months, the bone-anchored implant was completely stable and surrounded by healthy and non-infected tissues, able to receive prosthetic loading and exercise mechanical function lasting long years in a patient [<span>1</span>]. After more than 50 years of successful use of dental implants, the clinical factors to declare a successful osseointegrated implant have changed [<span>2-6</span>]. Oral rehabilitation using dental implants has become a treatment dependent on specialized professionals who target handling complex long-term cases combining surgical, periodontal, and prosthetic approaches, thinking beyond just implant insertion and early osseointegration. Currently, the concept of implant success and its long-term osseointegration reveals a progressive complexity involving short and long-term factors in implant dentistry. Biological, mechanical, functional, technological, genetic, prosthetic, esthetic, and health quality indicators (PROMs) can be cited as actual components to determine implant and osseointegration success [<span>2-6</span>]. Nevertheless, many of these factors may bring up miscellaneous opinions of what should be considered “implant success” or “osseointegration success” in the currently available knowledge, as well as, patients may show different feedback's about their satisfaction with implant treatments. Osseointegration success may be considered a stable implant in oral function with the absence of inflamed/contaminated surrounding tissues and peri-implant bone loss. However, nowadays, the term “implant success” has achieved priority and embraces much more than healthy surrounding tissues; esthetics, correct implant positioning, treatment durability, changes in quality of life, and patient-related outcomes are crucial in the contemporaneous definition [<span>6</span>]. The evaluation of solely peri-implant tissue status is insufficient to achieve the current clinical scientific evidence needed to report quality of care, patient satisfaction, and treatment success in implant dentistry [<span>6</span>]. These multiple factors highlight the need for optimal surgical planning and safety protocols in implantology aiming for long-term clinical durability. On the other hand, questionable treatments with dental implants and diverse clinical decisions may curren
{"title":"Redefining Success in Implant Dentistry: Beyond Mere Implant Placement","authors":"Marcel F. Kunrath, Christer Dahlin","doi":"10.1111/jre.70009","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jre.70009","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Since Prof. Branemark established the concept of osseointegration—“a direct structural and functional connection between bone and an implant”—[<span>1</span>]; implant dentistry has been revolutionized, progressing techniques and materials for rehabilitating patients who lost their teeth using dental implants, biomaterials, and implant-supported prostheses [<span>2</span>]. After long years of clinical follow-ups, the use of dental implants proved to be a reliable long-term treatment for patients with unquestionable survival rates [<span>2</span>]. In the early ages of osseointegration, a successful osseointegrated implant was considered when after a healing period of 6–8 months, the bone-anchored implant was completely stable and surrounded by healthy and non-infected tissues, able to receive prosthetic loading and exercise mechanical function lasting long years in a patient [<span>1</span>]. After more than 50 years of successful use of dental implants, the clinical factors to declare a successful osseointegrated implant have changed [<span>2-6</span>]. Oral rehabilitation using dental implants has become a treatment dependent on specialized professionals who target handling complex long-term cases combining surgical, periodontal, and prosthetic approaches, thinking beyond just implant insertion and early osseointegration. Currently, the concept of implant success and its long-term osseointegration reveals a progressive complexity involving short and long-term factors in implant dentistry. Biological, mechanical, functional, technological, genetic, prosthetic, esthetic, and health quality indicators (PROMs) can be cited as actual components to determine implant and osseointegration success [<span>2-6</span>]. Nevertheless, many of these factors may bring up miscellaneous opinions of what should be considered “implant success” or “osseointegration success” in the currently available knowledge, as well as, patients may show different feedback's about their satisfaction with implant treatments. Osseointegration success may be considered a stable implant in oral function with the absence of inflamed/contaminated surrounding tissues and peri-implant bone loss. However, nowadays, the term “implant success” has achieved priority and embraces much more than healthy surrounding tissues; esthetics, correct implant positioning, treatment durability, changes in quality of life, and patient-related outcomes are crucial in the contemporaneous definition [<span>6</span>]. The evaluation of solely peri-implant tissue status is insufficient to achieve the current clinical scientific evidence needed to report quality of care, patient satisfaction, and treatment success in implant dentistry [<span>6</span>]. These multiple factors highlight the need for optimal surgical planning and safety protocols in implantology aiming for long-term clinical durability. On the other hand, questionable treatments with dental implants and diverse clinical decisions may curren","PeriodicalId":16715,"journal":{"name":"Journal of periodontal research","volume":"60 9","pages":"854-857"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jre.70009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144560359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pingping Han, Kexin Jiao, Peter Mark Bartold, Andrew Liaw, Wei Wei, Sašo Ivanovski
Salivary circular RNAs, particularly hsa_circ_0003563 (circRUNX2) and hsa_circ_0001161 (circMMP9), show strong potential as non-invasive biomarkers for diagnosing periodontitis and distinguishing the rate of disease progression, offering promising tools for improved periodontal diagnostics.
{"title":"Association Between Salivary Circular RNAs Expression and Periodontal Disease Status","authors":"Pingping Han, Kexin Jiao, Peter Mark Bartold, Andrew Liaw, Wei Wei, Sašo Ivanovski","doi":"10.1111/jre.70004","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jre.70004","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Salivary circular RNAs, particularly <i>hsa_circ_0003563 (circRUNX2)</i> and <i>hsa_circ_0001161 (circMMP9)</i>, show strong potential as non-invasive biomarkers for diagnosing periodontitis and distinguishing the rate of disease progression, offering promising tools for improved periodontal diagnostics.\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":16715,"journal":{"name":"Journal of periodontal research","volume":"60 10","pages":"1053-1055"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jre.70004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144528448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samuel Batista Borges, Lidya Nara Marques de Araújo, Gabriela Ellen Gomes, Rebeca Confessor Silva, Bruno César de Vasconcelos Gurgel
This study shows that using subepithelial connective tissue graft (SeCTG) with either the coronally-advanced flap (CAF) or the tunnel technique (TT) results in similar outcomes for root coverage and patient-reported measures, offering effective treatment options for localized type-1 gingival recessions.
{"title":"Tunnel Versus Coronally Advanced Flap for the Treatment of Localized Gingival Recessions: A Randomized Clinical Trial","authors":"Samuel Batista Borges, Lidya Nara Marques de Araújo, Gabriela Ellen Gomes, Rebeca Confessor Silva, Bruno César de Vasconcelos Gurgel","doi":"10.1111/jre.70006","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jre.70006","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study shows that using subepithelial connective tissue graft (SeCTG) with either the coronally-advanced flap (CAF) or the tunnel technique (TT) results in similar outcomes for root coverage and patient-reported measures, offering effective treatment options for localized type-1 gingival recessions.\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":16715,"journal":{"name":"Journal of periodontal research","volume":"60 10","pages":"1050-1052"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144497383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Giovanna Laura Di Domenico, Sofia Aroca, Silvia Rizzuto, Davide Guglielmi, Massimo de Sanctis
Aims
The primary objective was to evaluate the 3-year outcomes of a coronally advanced flap with connective tissue graft (CAF + CTG) for treating gingival recession defects affecting lower incisors. Additionally, the study aimed to investigate whether anatomical factors related to mandibular incisors influence gingival margin stability 3 years post-surgery.
Methods
A prospective study was conducted on 30 patients with single gingival recession affecting mandibular incisors, treated with a trapezoidal CAF + CTG at San Raffaele Hospital (Milan, Italy) between January and May 2021. Clinical parameters, including recession depth (REC), keratinized tissue width (KTW), and marginal tissue thickness (MTT), were recorded at baseline and at the 1-year and 3-year follow-ups. Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) scans were also utilized to assess bucco-lingual inclination, apical root position, vestibular bone dehiscence, and root prominence.
Results
At the 3-year follow-up, complete root coverage (CRC) was achieved in 52% of treated sites. A statistically significant reduction in REC was observed over the evaluation period. However, no significant differences were found in clinical parameters (REC, KTW, and MTT) between the 1-year and 3-year follow-ups. REC at 3 years was significantly and positively correlated with baseline REC, whereas it was inversely correlated with apical root position. Factors associated with mRC at 3 years were KTW baseline, root prominence, and apical root position.
Conclusion
The findings of this study highlight key site-specific anatomical factors that may negatively influence root coverage outcomes in mandibular incisors, providing valuable insights for predicting treatment success.
{"title":"Anatomical Factors Affecting Root Coverage Outcomes in Mandibular Incisors: A 3-Year Prospective Clinical Study","authors":"Giovanna Laura Di Domenico, Sofia Aroca, Silvia Rizzuto, Davide Guglielmi, Massimo de Sanctis","doi":"10.1111/jre.70008","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jre.70008","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The primary objective was to evaluate the 3-year outcomes of a coronally advanced flap with connective tissue graft (CAF + CTG) for treating gingival recession defects affecting lower incisors. Additionally, the study aimed to investigate whether anatomical factors related to mandibular incisors influence gingival margin stability 3 years post-surgery.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A prospective study was conducted on 30 patients with single gingival recession affecting mandibular incisors, treated with a trapezoidal CAF + CTG at San Raffaele Hospital (Milan, Italy) between January and May 2021. Clinical parameters, including recession depth (REC), keratinized tissue width (KTW), and marginal tissue thickness (MTT), were recorded at baseline and at the 1-year and 3-year follow-ups. Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) scans were also utilized to assess bucco-lingual inclination, apical root position, vestibular bone dehiscence, and root prominence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>At the 3-year follow-up, complete root coverage (CRC) was achieved in 52% of treated sites. A statistically significant reduction in REC was observed over the evaluation period. However, no significant differences were found in clinical parameters (REC, KTW, and MTT) between the 1-year and 3-year follow-ups. REC at 3 years was significantly and positively correlated with baseline REC, whereas it was inversely correlated with apical root position. Factors associated with mRC at 3 years were KTW baseline, root prominence, and apical root position.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The findings of this study highlight key site-specific anatomical factors that may negatively influence root coverage outcomes in mandibular incisors, providing valuable insights for predicting treatment success.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16715,"journal":{"name":"Journal of periodontal research","volume":"60 9","pages":"899-909"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144484778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Silas Alves-Costa, Mario Romandini, Gustavo G. Nascimento
Aim
To (i) assess the prevalence, incidence, and burden of lip and oral cavity cancer, untreated caries, and “other oral conditions” (a group that includes temporomandibular disorders, malocclusion, and dental trauma, among others) in 2021; and (ii) forecast their estimates in 2050. Aggregate estimates for overall oral conditions (comprising caries, periodontitis, and edentulism, but excluding cancer) were also evaluated.
Methods
Prevalence, incidence, Years Lived with Disability (YLDs), Years of Life Lost (YLLs), Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), and deaths were reported for lip and oral cavity cancer. Untreated caries and “other oral conditions” were described as prevalence and YLDs, with incidence included only for caries. Aggregate estimates for overall oral conditions encompassed prevalence, incidence, and YLDs. Data were gathered globally, covering 204 countries, seven super-regions, and 21 regions from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study in 2021, with projections up to 2050 using mixed-effects models.
Results
In 2021, over 1.54 million (95% UI 1.44; 1.63) people worldwide were affected by lip and oral cavity cancer, with a global age-standardized prevalence of 0.02%. The burden included 1.28 YLDs per 100 000 (0.97; 1.59), 65.86 YLLs per 100 000 (59.53; 71.00), 67.71 DALYs per 100 000 (61.32; 73.17), and 2.42 deaths per 100 000 (2.21; 2.60). By 2050, prevalence and incidence are projected to increase by +68.7% and + 82.6%, respectively. By that time, lip and oral cavity cancer is expected to rank 119th in terms of YLDs. In 2021, 7.55% (6.29–8.78) of children had untreated caries in deciduous teeth, 27.54% (23.98–32.02) of the adult population had caries in permanent teeth, and 1.86% (1.78–1.93) were affected by “other oral conditions”, with 45.91% (42.26–49.78) of the global population experiencing at least one oral condition. By 2050, the prevalence of deciduous caries is projected to decrease by −15.80%, while permanent caries is predicted to rise by +23.77%, and “other oral conditions” will increase by +22.28%. Overall oral conditions (including periodontitis and edentulism, but excluding cancer) are projected to affect 46.17% (42.52–49.95) of the global population in 2050, ranking as the 10th leading cause of YLDs, surpassing conditions such as stroke and Alzheimer's disease.
Conclusion
Lip and oral cavity cancer, along with oral conditions aggregated (caries, periodontitis, edentulism,
{"title":"Lip and Oral Cancer, Caries and Other Oral Conditions: Estimates From the 2021 Global Burden of Disease Study and Projections up to 2050","authors":"Silas Alves-Costa, Mario Romandini, Gustavo G. Nascimento","doi":"10.1111/jre.13421","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jre.13421","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To (i) assess the prevalence, incidence, and burden of lip and oral cavity cancer, untreated caries, and “other oral conditions” (a group that includes temporomandibular disorders, malocclusion, and dental trauma, among others) in 2021; and (ii) forecast their estimates in 2050. Aggregate estimates for overall oral conditions (comprising caries, periodontitis, and edentulism, but excluding cancer) were also evaluated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prevalence, incidence, Years Lived with Disability (YLDs), Years of Life Lost (YLLs), Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), and deaths were reported for lip and oral cavity cancer. Untreated caries and “other oral conditions” were described as prevalence and YLDs, with incidence included only for caries. Aggregate estimates for overall oral conditions encompassed prevalence, incidence, and YLDs. Data were gathered globally, covering 204 countries, seven super-regions, and 21 regions from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study in 2021, with projections up to 2050 using mixed-effects models.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In 2021, over 1.54 million (95% UI 1.44; 1.63) people worldwide were affected by lip and oral cavity cancer, with a global age-standardized prevalence of 0.02%. The burden included 1.28 YLDs per 100 000 (0.97; 1.59), 65.86 YLLs per 100 000 (59.53; 71.00), 67.71 DALYs per 100 000 (61.32; 73.17), and 2.42 deaths per 100 000 (2.21; 2.60). By 2050, prevalence and incidence are projected to increase by +68.7% and + 82.6%, respectively. By that time, lip and oral cavity cancer is expected to rank 119th in terms of YLDs. In 2021, 7.55% (6.29–8.78) of children had untreated caries in deciduous teeth, 27.54% (23.98–32.02) of the adult population had caries in permanent teeth, and 1.86% (1.78–1.93) were affected by “other oral conditions”, with 45.91% (42.26–49.78) of the global population experiencing at least one oral condition. By 2050, the prevalence of deciduous caries is projected to decrease by −15.80%, while permanent caries is predicted to rise by +23.77%, and “other oral conditions” will increase by +22.28%. Overall oral conditions (including periodontitis and edentulism, but excluding cancer) are projected to affect 46.17% (42.52–49.95) of the global population in 2050, ranking as the 10th leading cause of YLDs, surpassing conditions such as stroke and Alzheimer's disease.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Lip and oral cavity cancer, along with oral conditions aggregated (caries, periodontitis, edentulism, ","PeriodicalId":16715,"journal":{"name":"Journal of periodontal research","volume":"60 6","pages":"544-558"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jre.13421","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144326085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marcel F Kunrath, Gabriel L Magrin, Candida S Zorzo, Ingrid Rigotto, Hanna Aludden, Christer Dahlin
Implant dentistry and periodontology have shown an increasing demand for regenerative procedures associated with biomaterials targeting successful clinical outcomes and predictable long-term results. Membranes applied in oral regeneration have proved to be essential in regenerative procedures, increasing the quality, volume, and stability of the regenerated tissues. This review depicts and explores the past, present, and future of membranes used in periodontal and bone regeneration. Historical concepts and early studies using pioneering membranes are reviewed; physio-chemical and biological membrane properties (e.g., wettability, roughness, biocompatibility, porosity, and mechanical characteristics) are discussed, as well as, the future directions of innovative membranes in the developing stage; and as a central focus, a summary of the clinical techniques and scientific evidence in which membrane application is significantly relevant is exposed. Today, a wide option of membranes is available on the market for clinicians to select and use in regenerative procedures according to the surgical level and desired tissue to be regenerated. For instance, non-resorbable membranes (d-PTFE, e-PTFE, and Ti-reinforced PTFE); resorbable membranes (synthetic and collagen-based); and autologous membranes. Clinical and preclinical results in regenerative procedures using membranes such as horizontal and vertical bone augmentation, sinus lift, immediate implant placement, have shown strong positive evidence compared to spontaneous healing, meanwhile, the current use of membranes in periodontal regeneration, periimplantitis treatment, and alveolar ridge preservation has revealed reduced scientific data, suggesting the need for further investigation. Concluding, the use of membranes is predictable and relevant in oral regeneration. Nevertheless, still there is space for evolution and clinical progress in the use of membranes in oral regeneration aiming to surpass current limitations, eliminate possible contaminations, and promote faster regeneration.
{"title":"Membranes for Periodontal and Bone Regeneration: Everything You Need to Know.","authors":"Marcel F Kunrath, Gabriel L Magrin, Candida S Zorzo, Ingrid Rigotto, Hanna Aludden, Christer Dahlin","doi":"10.1111/jre.70005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jre.70005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Implant dentistry and periodontology have shown an increasing demand for regenerative procedures associated with biomaterials targeting successful clinical outcomes and predictable long-term results. Membranes applied in oral regeneration have proved to be essential in regenerative procedures, increasing the quality, volume, and stability of the regenerated tissues. This review depicts and explores the past, present, and future of membranes used in periodontal and bone regeneration. Historical concepts and early studies using pioneering membranes are reviewed; physio-chemical and biological membrane properties (e.g., wettability, roughness, biocompatibility, porosity, and mechanical characteristics) are discussed, as well as, the future directions of innovative membranes in the developing stage; and as a central focus, a summary of the clinical techniques and scientific evidence in which membrane application is significantly relevant is exposed. Today, a wide option of membranes is available on the market for clinicians to select and use in regenerative procedures according to the surgical level and desired tissue to be regenerated. For instance, non-resorbable membranes (d-PTFE, e-PTFE, and Ti-reinforced PTFE); resorbable membranes (synthetic and collagen-based); and autologous membranes. Clinical and preclinical results in regenerative procedures using membranes such as horizontal and vertical bone augmentation, sinus lift, immediate implant placement, have shown strong positive evidence compared to spontaneous healing, meanwhile, the current use of membranes in periodontal regeneration, periimplantitis treatment, and alveolar ridge preservation has revealed reduced scientific data, suggesting the need for further investigation. Concluding, the use of membranes is predictable and relevant in oral regeneration. Nevertheless, still there is space for evolution and clinical progress in the use of membranes in oral regeneration aiming to surpass current limitations, eliminate possible contaminations, and promote faster regeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":16715,"journal":{"name":"Journal of periodontal research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144310061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory condition, affects approximately 20%-50% of the world's population. It is usually characterized by progressive destruction of the periodontal soft and hard tissues, clinically manifested as gingival inflammation combined with attachment loss (CAL), radiographically detectable alveolar bone resorption, periodontal pockets, and bleeding on probing, as well as tooth mobility and potential tooth loss in advanced stages. These processes are moderated by the interplay between a dysbiotic microbiota and aberrant immune reactions within the gingival and periodontal tissues and can be modified by numerous internal or external influences. A number of studies discovered the importance of a variety of these impacting factors in periodontitis, including systemic, lifestyle, and environmental factors. Regarding the evidence level, these factors can be classified as predisposing factors, risk indicators, or risk factors. Predisposing factors include age, physical activity, dietary habits, alcohol consumption, and socioeconomic status. As risk indicators, obesity, osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases, mental health disorders, poor diet, stress, and sleep disorders can be regarded Well-known risk factors for periodontitis are smoking/tobacco use and diabetes mellitus. This review highlights the manifold mechanistic aspects of the link between the pathogenesis of periodontitis, addressing these numerous factors to supplement the long-standing knowledge of the progression of the disease.
{"title":"Systemic, Lifestyle and Environmental Modifying Factors in the Pathogenesis of Periodontitis.","authors":"Groeger Sabine Elisabeth, Zhou Yuxi, Yong Jiawen, Wang Lei, Ruf Sabine, Meyle Joerg","doi":"10.1111/jre.70003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jre.70003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory condition, affects approximately 20%-50% of the world's population. It is usually characterized by progressive destruction of the periodontal soft and hard tissues, clinically manifested as gingival inflammation combined with attachment loss (CAL), radiographically detectable alveolar bone resorption, periodontal pockets, and bleeding on probing, as well as tooth mobility and potential tooth loss in advanced stages. These processes are moderated by the interplay between a dysbiotic microbiota and aberrant immune reactions within the gingival and periodontal tissues and can be modified by numerous internal or external influences. A number of studies discovered the importance of a variety of these impacting factors in periodontitis, including systemic, lifestyle, and environmental factors. Regarding the evidence level, these factors can be classified as predisposing factors, risk indicators, or risk factors. Predisposing factors include age, physical activity, dietary habits, alcohol consumption, and socioeconomic status. As risk indicators, obesity, osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases, mental health disorders, poor diet, stress, and sleep disorders can be regarded Well-known risk factors for periodontitis are smoking/tobacco use and diabetes mellitus. This review highlights the manifold mechanistic aspects of the link between the pathogenesis of periodontitis, addressing these numerous factors to supplement the long-standing knowledge of the progression of the disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":16715,"journal":{"name":"Journal of periodontal research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144284952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nima Farshidfar, Paras Ahmad, Nathan Estrin, Yufeng Zhang, Richard J Miron
This clinical narrative review aimed to comprehensively evaluate the effects of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) on clinically related and patient-reported outcomes during palatal wound healing following autologous palatal graft harvesting. To gather all available evidence, a comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, along with a manual search of reference lists from eligible studies, up to November 22, 2024. A total of 28 clinical comparative studies were identified, including 21 randomized clinical trials (RCTs), two non-RCTs, and five case series. Most studies investigated the application of PRF following free gingival grafts (FGG) rather than subepithelial connective tissue grafts (SCTG), with the majority also using solid PRF as opposed to liquid PRF. For FGG harvesting sites, PRF demonstrated positive outcomes in enhancing wound healing-related outcomes, reducing postoperative pain and other complications, lowering analgesic consumption, and improving quality of life (QoL). For SCTG harvesting sites, PRF also showed beneficial effects in promoting wound healing, reducing postoperative pain, and eliminating the need for analgesics. Based on the current findings, PRF application following either FGG and SCTG harvesting appears to be a promising approach for enhancing wound healing, minimizing postoperative complications, reducing analgesic consumption, and improving patient satisfaction. Clinical recommendations, along with step-by-step protocols, are also provided in this review article to guide clinicians in optimized efficiency for use of PRF for palatal wound healing following FGG and SCTG harvesting. A recommended simplified use of solid PRF prepared using horizontal centrifugation, in combination with a palatal stent, is suggested. The addition of sutures alongside the stent may provide enhanced stabilization of PRF in place for larger graft sites. Nevertheless, further well-designed RCTs with standardized methods and larger sample sizes are needed to strengthen the evidence base and confirm the therapeutic advantages of PRF in palatal wound healing.
本临床叙述性综述旨在全面评估富血小板纤维蛋白（PRF）对自体腭移植术后腭伤口愈合的临床相关和患者报告的结果的影响。为了收集所有可用的证据，在PubMed， Scopus， Web of Science和b谷歌Scholar中进行了全面的文献检索，并对符合条件的研究的参考文献列表进行了手动检索，截止到2024年11月22日。共纳入28项临床比较研究，包括21项随机临床试验（rct）、2项非rct和5个病例系列。大多数研究调查了游离牙龈移植（FGG）后PRF的应用，而不是上皮下结缔组织移植（SCTG），大多数研究也使用固体PRF而不是液体PRF。对于FGG采收部位，PRF在改善伤口愈合相关结果、减少术后疼痛和其他并发症、降低镇痛药消耗和提高生活质量（QoL）方面显示出积极的结果。对于SCTG采集部位，PRF在促进伤口愈合、减少术后疼痛和消除对镇痛药的需求方面也显示出有益的作用。根据目前的研究结果，在FGG和SCTG采集后应用PRF似乎是一种有希望的方法，可以促进伤口愈合，最大限度地减少术后并发症，减少止痛药消耗，提高患者满意度。这篇综述文章还提供了临床建议，以及逐步的方案，以指导临床医生在FGG和SCTG收获后使用PRF进行腭伤口愈合的优化效率。建议简化使用水平离心制备的固体PRF，并结合腭支架。在支架旁添加缝合线可以为较大的移植部位提供更好的PRF稳定性。然而，需要进一步设计良好的随机对照试验，采用标准化的方法和更大的样本量来加强证据基础，并证实PRF在腭创面愈合中的治疗优势。
{"title":"Use of Platelet-Rich Fibrin (PRF) on Palatal Wound Healing: A Narrative Review With Clinical Recommendations.","authors":"Nima Farshidfar, Paras Ahmad, Nathan Estrin, Yufeng Zhang, Richard J Miron","doi":"10.1111/jre.13413","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jre.13413","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This clinical narrative review aimed to comprehensively evaluate the effects of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) on clinically related and patient-reported outcomes during palatal wound healing following autologous palatal graft harvesting. To gather all available evidence, a comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, along with a manual search of reference lists from eligible studies, up to November 22, 2024. A total of 28 clinical comparative studies were identified, including 21 randomized clinical trials (RCTs), two non-RCTs, and five case series. Most studies investigated the application of PRF following free gingival grafts (FGG) rather than subepithelial connective tissue grafts (SCTG), with the majority also using solid PRF as opposed to liquid PRF. For FGG harvesting sites, PRF demonstrated positive outcomes in enhancing wound healing-related outcomes, reducing postoperative pain and other complications, lowering analgesic consumption, and improving quality of life (QoL). For SCTG harvesting sites, PRF also showed beneficial effects in promoting wound healing, reducing postoperative pain, and eliminating the need for analgesics. Based on the current findings, PRF application following either FGG and SCTG harvesting appears to be a promising approach for enhancing wound healing, minimizing postoperative complications, reducing analgesic consumption, and improving patient satisfaction. Clinical recommendations, along with step-by-step protocols, are also provided in this review article to guide clinicians in optimized efficiency for use of PRF for palatal wound healing following FGG and SCTG harvesting. A recommended simplified use of solid PRF prepared using horizontal centrifugation, in combination with a palatal stent, is suggested. The addition of sutures alongside the stent may provide enhanced stabilization of PRF in place for larger graft sites. Nevertheless, further well-designed RCTs with standardized methods and larger sample sizes are needed to strengthen the evidence base and confirm the therapeutic advantages of PRF in palatal wound healing.</p>","PeriodicalId":16715,"journal":{"name":"Journal of periodontal research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144258248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eriberto Bressan, Maria Gabriella Grusovin, Riccardo Federico Visconti, Giuseppe Luongo, Pasquale Piombino, Katia Greco, Jacopo Buti, Luca Sbricoli, Marco Esposito
<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To evaluate the influence of at least three abutment disconnections in conventionally loaded implants against placement of a definitive abutment in immediately non-occlusal loaded implants on hard and soft tissue changes. A secondary aim was to evaluate whether the presence of less than 2 mm of keratinised mucosa is associated with increased peri-implant marginal bone loss and soft tissue recessions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty patients requiring one single crown or one fixed partial prosthesis supported by a maximum of three implants were randomised, after implants were placed with a torque superior to 35 Ncm, according to a parallel group design to receive definitive abutments which were loaded immediately (definitive abutment group) or transmucosal abutments which were delayed loaded after 3 months and were removed at least three times (repeated disconnection group). Patients were treated in three centres, and each patient contributed to the study with only one prosthesis followed for 12 years after initial loading. Outcome measures were: prosthesis failures, implant failures, complications, pink esthetic score (PES), buccal recessions, patient satisfaction, peri-implant marginal bone level changes, and height of the keratinised mucosa.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty patients were randomly allocated to each group according to a parallel group design. Six patients dropped out or died from the definitive abutment group and seven from the repeated disconnection group. At 12 years post-loading, no patient in the definitive abutment group had implant failures versus three patients who lost five implants in the repeated disconnection group (difference = 13.04%; 95% CI: -6.7 to 26.8 to; p = 0.109; Fisher's exact test). No patient in the definitive abutment group had a prosthesis failure versus four patients of the repeated disconnection group. The difference was statistically significant (difference = 17.39%; 95% CI: 1.9 to 32.9; p = 0.049; Fisher's exact test). Four patients from the definitive abutment group versus seven patients from the repeated disconnection group were affected by complications (difference = 13.77%; 95% CI: -37.8 to 10.2; p = 0.318; Fisher's exact test), the difference not being statistically significant. PES scores did not show any statistically significant differences between the two groups: 10.84 ± 1.95 for the definitive abutment group and 10.31 ± 2.57 for the repeated abutment changes group (difference = -0.53; 95% CI: -1.14 to 2.20; p = 0.505). Buccal recessions amounted to 0.30 ± 0.98 mm for the definitive abutment group and 0.15 ± 0.54 mm for the repeated abutment changes group with no statistically significant differences between the two groups (difference = -0.14; 95% CI: -0.69 to 0.41; p = 0.592). All patients were declared to be very satisfied with the function and aesthetics of the prostheses and would undergo the same procedure again. Mean peri-implant marginal bone loss
{"title":"The Influence of Repeated Abutment Changes on Peri-Implant Tissue Stability and Keratinised Tissue on Peri-Implant Health: 12-Year Post-Loading Results From a Multicentre Randomised Controlled Trial.","authors":"Eriberto Bressan, Maria Gabriella Grusovin, Riccardo Federico Visconti, Giuseppe Luongo, Pasquale Piombino, Katia Greco, Jacopo Buti, Luca Sbricoli, Marco Esposito","doi":"10.1111/jre.13418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jre.13418","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To evaluate the influence of at least three abutment disconnections in conventionally loaded implants against placement of a definitive abutment in immediately non-occlusal loaded implants on hard and soft tissue changes. A secondary aim was to evaluate whether the presence of less than 2 mm of keratinised mucosa is associated with increased peri-implant marginal bone loss and soft tissue recessions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty patients requiring one single crown or one fixed partial prosthesis supported by a maximum of three implants were randomised, after implants were placed with a torque superior to 35 Ncm, according to a parallel group design to receive definitive abutments which were loaded immediately (definitive abutment group) or transmucosal abutments which were delayed loaded after 3 months and were removed at least three times (repeated disconnection group). Patients were treated in three centres, and each patient contributed to the study with only one prosthesis followed for 12 years after initial loading. Outcome measures were: prosthesis failures, implant failures, complications, pink esthetic score (PES), buccal recessions, patient satisfaction, peri-implant marginal bone level changes, and height of the keratinised mucosa.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty patients were randomly allocated to each group according to a parallel group design. Six patients dropped out or died from the definitive abutment group and seven from the repeated disconnection group. At 12 years post-loading, no patient in the definitive abutment group had implant failures versus three patients who lost five implants in the repeated disconnection group (difference = 13.04%; 95% CI: -6.7 to 26.8 to; p = 0.109; Fisher's exact test). No patient in the definitive abutment group had a prosthesis failure versus four patients of the repeated disconnection group. The difference was statistically significant (difference = 17.39%; 95% CI: 1.9 to 32.9; p = 0.049; Fisher's exact test). Four patients from the definitive abutment group versus seven patients from the repeated disconnection group were affected by complications (difference = 13.77%; 95% CI: -37.8 to 10.2; p = 0.318; Fisher's exact test), the difference not being statistically significant. PES scores did not show any statistically significant differences between the two groups: 10.84 ± 1.95 for the definitive abutment group and 10.31 ± 2.57 for the repeated abutment changes group (difference = -0.53; 95% CI: -1.14 to 2.20; p = 0.505). Buccal recessions amounted to 0.30 ± 0.98 mm for the definitive abutment group and 0.15 ± 0.54 mm for the repeated abutment changes group with no statistically significant differences between the two groups (difference = -0.14; 95% CI: -0.69 to 0.41; p = 0.592). All patients were declared to be very satisfied with the function and aesthetics of the prostheses and would undergo the same procedure again. Mean peri-implant marginal bone loss ","PeriodicalId":16715,"journal":{"name":"Journal of periodontal research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144208739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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