Journal of periodontal research最新文献

Aim: Compliance with plaque control measures in open interdental spaces, an essential element in management of periodontitis, is reported to be poor. Mobile health (mHealth) approach is an effective approach for behavior change. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of mHealth in improving plaque control in type 2 embrasures.

Methods: Stage II or III, grade B periodontitis patients (n = 76) with type 2 embrasures were enrolled. Phase I therapy was provided in both groups. In the control group, interdental brushing instructions were given only at baseline and follow-up appointments. In the test group, interdental brushing was also reinforced by regular text messages for 3 months. Clinical parameters including plaque index (PI), papillary bleeding index (PBI), probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), and interdental papillary height (IPH) were measured at baseline, 1, 3, and 6 months.

Results: Intergroup comparison from baseline to 6 months showed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) between groups in all parameters with more reduction in mean values in test group. Intergroup comparison from 3 to 6 months showed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in mean values of PI, PBI, GI, PPD, CAL, and IPH with higher reduction in test group. Intragroup comparison from 3 to 6 months showed statistically significant reduction in mean values in PI, PBI, PPD, CAL, and IPH only in test group (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Cue to action through mobile text messages effectively augments compliance with the use of interdental brush, improves plaque control, and manages stage II or stage III periodontitis following subgingival instrumentation.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05565404.

Aim: Diabetes is a significant risk factor that exacerbates the pathological progression of periodontal disease. In recent years, attention has focused on the effect of regulatory T cells (Tregs), which play a central role in immune tolerance, on inflammatory processes in periodontal tissue, suggesting a link with diabetes-associated periodontitis. In this study, we examined the dynamics of Tregs in periodontal tissue of mice with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced hyperglycemia.

Methods: Eleven-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were divided into four treatment groups: Untreated (C group), ligature placed around the maxillary second molars with silk sutures (PD group), intraperitoneal administration of STZ (HG group), and ligature placed after STZ administration (PHG group). Establishment of hyperglycemia was assessed 14 days after STZ administration, and ligation was performed 7 days later. After another 7 days of ligation, the mice were euthanized. The right side of the maxilla was observed histopathologically, whereas the palatal gingiva on the left side of the maxilla was analyzed genetically, and the microstructure of the alveolar bone was also assessed. In addition, lymphocytes from peripheral blood, spleen, and periodontal tissue were analyzed using flow cytometry.

Results: In bone structure analyses, alveolar bone height, bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV), and bone mineral density (BMD) were lower in the PHG group than the PD group. In the gingival tissue, expression of the Foxp3 gene was up-regulated in the PHG group compared with the C group, and IL-17a was up-regulated in the PHG group compared with the PD group. Flow cytometry analyses showed that the number of Tregs (CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺ cells) in the blood and gingival tissue was significantly higher in the PD and PHG groups than the C group. The number of CD4⁺CD25^-Foxp3⁺ cells, which are reportedly functionally attenuated as Tregs, was increased in blood of the PHG group. Immunofluorescence staining of periodontal tissue showed that the number of CD25⁺Foxp3⁺ cells was significantly increased only in the PD group, whereas a trend toward an increased number of CD25^-Foxp3⁺ cells was observed in the PHG group.

Conclusion: The present study showed that STZ-induced hyperglycemia numerically and functionally attenuates Tregs in a mouse model of experimental periodontitis. Furthermore, impaired immune tolerance capacity appears to be involved in exacerbating inflammation and bone destruction in periodontal tissue.

Aim: The study aimed to elucidate a putative association between severe periodontitis and the incidence of recurrent cardiovascular events in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) within 10 years after their initial hospitalisation.

Methods: A cohort of 1002 stationary patients with angiographically proven CVD was included. They were examined regarding prevalence of severe periodontitis (≥ 30% of the teeth with proximal attachment loss of ≥ 5 mm), probing depth, clinical attachment loss, bleeding on probing, number of missing teeth and oral care habits. Recurrent events were summarised as combined end point (myocardial infarction, stroke/transitory ischemic attack, cardiovascular death and death caused by stroke). Survival analyses were carried out after a 10-year follow-up period. Hazard ratios (HRs) were adjusted for known cardiac risk factors using Cox regression.

Results: The follow-up was completed by 792 patients. The overall incidence of the combined end point was 42.8%. Severe periodontitis was associated with recurrent cardiovascular events (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 1.26, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0-1.58 and Standard error [SE] 0.11), whereas both, tooth brushing more than once a day (adjusted HR = 0.74, 95% CI 0.57-0.97, SE 0.13) and performing interdental hygiene (adjusted HR = 0.71, 95% CI 0.52-0.99, SE 0.16) decreased this risk.

Conclusions: Severe periodontitis is a putative risk factor for recurrent cardiovascular events.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01045070.

Aims: This research sought to assess the efficacy of Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) R0179 and explore potential metabolites in mitigating experimental periodontitis in mice induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) ATCC 33277.

Methods: B. subtilis R0179 was administered to 8-week-old male C57BL/6J mice with periodontitis. Oral load of P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 and periodontal tissue loss were quantified. The cell-free supernatant (CFS) was separated to assess its anti-P. gingivalis effect. Proteomic and metabolomic analyses identified potential antibacterial components in the CFS, further evaluated for anti-P. gingivalis effects.

Results: B. subtilis R0179 significantly reduced P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 levels and mitigated periodontal tissue loss in mice. The CFS, rather than inactivated B. subtilis R0179 cells, exhibited antibacterial activity. Proteomic and metabolomic analyses identified mesaconate and citraconate as key antibacterial agents. Disk diffusion assays confirmed the efficacy of mesaconate against P. gingivalis, while citraconate had no effect. Mesaconate showed a dose-dependent reduction in P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 population and periodontal tissue loss in mice.

Conclusion: These findings highlight B. subtilis R0179 and its metabolite mesaconate as promising candidates for therapeutic development against periodontitis by inhibiting P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 effectively.

Aims: The primary aim was to determine the association between particulate matter 2.5 (PM_2.5) concentration at municipality-level and severe periodontitis among adults. A second aim was to evaluate contemporaneous versus lagged effects of exposure to municipality-level PM_2.5 concentration on severe periodontitis.

Methods: We linked individual-level data from the latest National Oral Health Survey (ENSAB-IV) with satellite-based estimates of annual PM_2.5 concentrations at the surface level for municipalities in Colombia. Annual PM_2.5 concentrations were averaged over 3, 5 and 10  years to capture contemporaneous and lagged effects, respectively. Severe periodontitis was defined using three common case definitions. The association between municipality-level PM_2.5 concentration and severe periodontitis was tested in multilevel logistic regression models adjusting for covariates.

Results: Data from 9111 adults in 197 municipalities and 33 departments were analyzed. The prevalence of severe periodontitis varied from 10.4% to 29.8% depending on the case definition used. The mean PM_2.5 concentration was 18.5 (SD = 2.9), 19.1 (3.0) and 18.9 (2.8) μg/m³ over the past 3, 5 and 10 years. The municipality-level PM_2.5 concentration was not associated with severe periodontitis, irrespective of the assessment period for PM_2.5 concentration (3, 5, or 10  years) or the case definition of periodontitis used.

Conclusions: This study found no association between municipality-level PM_2.5 concentration and severe periodontitis among Colombian adults. No evidence of lagged effects was found either.

Aims: The aim of this scoping review was to map the available evidence on assessment tools for masticatory function for periodontitis patients. It also aimed to examine the methodology of masticatory function assessment and to identify the elements of subjective masticatory function evaluation for periodontitis patients reported in the literature.

Methods: A scoping review was conducted following the methodological guidance for the conduct of scoping reviews. Embase, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus were systematically searched for published studies in English reporting objective or subjective masticatory function assessment in periodontitis patients.

Results: Forty-five studies were included in the analysis. The identified assessment tools for masticatory function were summarized using the terminology described by the recent consensus. Heterogeneity was observed in the approach of assessment, the type(s) and design of assessment tools, and the methods of measurement employed. Most studies utilized only one assessment tool. Seven studies reported composite objective assessment and five studies utilized assessment tools for both objective and subjective masticatory function. Items from the included instruments for subjective masticatory function were analyzed and categorized into seven potentially clinically relevant elements of subjective masticatory function evaluation. Unclear reporting on validation status was found in all included instruments for subjective masticatory function.

Conclusion: Variable methodologies have been reported to assess masticatory function in periodontitis patients. Future research is needed to discern the clinical utility of these assessment tools for masticatory function in periodontitis patients.

Aims: This study aims to investigate the role of Plexin-B2 in tension-induced osteogenesis of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and its biomechanical mechanism.

Methods: In vitro, cyclic tension simulated orthodontic forces to assess Plexin-B2 expression in PDLSCs. We then knocked out Plexin-B2 using lentivirus to explore its role in tension-induced osteogenesis. In vivo, we used nickel-titanium springs to establish orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) models in mice. Local periodontal Plexin-B2 expression was knocked down using adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) to study its influence on new bone formation under mechanical tension in OTM models. Molecular mechanisms were elucidated by manipulating Plexin-B2 and RhoA expression, assessing related proteins, and observing F-actin and Yes-associated protein (YAP) through immunofluorescence.

Results: Plexin-B2 expression in PDLSCs increased under cyclic tension. Decrease of Plexin-B2 reduced the expression of osteogenic protein in PDLSCs and negatively affected new bone formation during OTM. RhoA expression and phosphorylation of ROCK2/LIMK2/Cofilin decreased in Plexin-B2 knockout PDLSCs but were reversed by RhoA overexpression. The level of F-actin decreased in Plexin-B2 knockout PDLSCs but increased after RhoA rescue. Nuclear YAP was reduced in Plexin-B2 knockout PDLSCs but increased after RhoA overexpression.

Conclusions: Plexin-B2 is involved in tension-induced osteogenesis. Mechanistically, the RhoA signaling pathway, the F-actin arrangement, and the nuclear translocation of YAP are involved in the mechanotransduction of Plexin-B2.

Aims: This preclinical study aimed to evaluate the periodontal tissue regenerative capacities of poly (lactic acid/caprolactone) (PLCL) bilayer membrane in one-wall intrabony defects in dogs. No study has assessed the efficacy of PLCL bilayer membrane for periodontal regeneration therapy despite the fact that PLCL bilayer membrane has proved efficient for bone regeneration.

Methods: In five beagle dogs, the bilateral mandibular second and fourth premolars were extracted 8 weeks before the experimental surgery. Standardized bone defects (5 mm in height and 6 mm in width) were surgically created on the mesial and distal roots of the bilateral third premolars in the mandible. The test groups were set up as follows: (i) carbonate apatite (CO₃Ap) + PLCL, (ii) CO₃Ap, (iii) xenograft (DBBM) + collagen membrane (CM), and (iv) DBBM. The control group was left empty. Radiological, histologic and histomorphometric characteristics were compared 8 weeks after surgery.

Results: No infectious complications were detected at any of the tested sites. The test groups exhibited a greater height and volume of the newly formed bone than the control group. They also showed a greater height of the newly formed cementum than the control group. However, the results were not statistically significant. The newly formed periodontal ligaments were inserted into newly formed bone and cementum in the test groups.

Conclusion: The combined use of PLCL bilayer membrane and CO₃Ap demonstrated comparable performance for periodontal tissue regeneration in one-wall intrabony defects compared to conventional therapies.

Aims: The comprehensive effects of maxillary posterior tooth extraction on the maxillary sinus (MS) morphology remain to be thoroughly elucidated. This retrospective cohort study aimed at evaluating the influence of different extraction indications on the morphological changes in the MS by utilizing cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Methods: One hundred and seventy-eight of maxillary posterior tooth extractions underwent CBCT scans before and after extraction using 3D Slicer software. Parameters such as maxillary sinus pneumatization (MSP, the primary outcome measure), buccal bone height (BBH), palatal bone height (PBH), mucosal thickness (MT), and other anatomical structures were measured for patients undergoing extraction due to periodontitis, periapical lesions, or tooth fracture. Multiple linear regression analysis was employed to assess the effect of extraction indications on the MS.

Results: While the primary outcome, MSP, did not reveal statistically significant differences across various indications for tooth extraction (p > .05), extraction itself resulted in MSP (p < .05). The rate of this pneumatization was influenced by the position of the extraction site (p < .05). Additionally, baseline values of bone height and mucosal thickness showed an inverse correlation with the rate of change in these parameters following tooth extraction (p < .001).

Conclusions: Tooth extraction led to increased pneumatization of the maxillary sinus while simultaneously reducing bone height and mucosal thickness. However, these outcomes were not influenced by the reason for tooth extraction.