A. Yılmaz, Gökçe Ünal, S. Keleş, S. Pekcan, A. Kılıç, Ö. Akcan, K. Erdoğan, H. Özdemir, I. Kilinç, M. Özdemir
Objective Vitamin D, due to its immunomodulating effect, zinc, and vitamin A, which affect cellular and humoral immunity, are thought to affect the clinical severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. The present study evaluates the association between vitamin A, D, and zinc deficiencies and disease severity in pediatric patients with COVID-19 infections. Methods The levels of vitamin A, D, and zinc at the time of diagnosis of 123 pediatric patients who presented to our hospital and were diagnosed as having hospitalized, nonhospitalized COVID-19 infection group, and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) were evaluated. The correlations of the measured levels with the disease severity and the need for intensive care or hospitalization were analyzed. Results Among the 123 patients, 21.1% (n = 26), 42.2% (n = 52), and 36.7% (n = 45) had a diagnosis of MIS-C, belonged to the hospitalized COVID-19 infection group, or belonged to the nonhospitalized COVID-19 infection group, respectively. Zinc levels were significantly lower in the MIS-C group than in the nonhospitalized group (p < 0.05). Vitamin A levels were found to be significantly lower in the MIS-C group than in the nonhospitalized group (p < 0.01) and significantly lower in the hospitalized group when compared with the nonhospitalized group (p < 0.001). Deficiencies in vitamin A, vitamin D, and zinc levels were found to be most common in the MIS-C group (42.3%) and in hospitalized COVID-19 group (15.3%). In the nonhospitalized COVID-19 group, it was found to be the lowest at 6.6%. Conclusion Based on the results of the present study and a literature review, it can be said that vitamin A, D, and zinc deficiencies may associate with the severity of COVID-19, although more studies are required to clarify this subject further.
{"title":"Serum Vitamins A, D, and Zinc Levels in Children with Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children","authors":"A. Yılmaz, Gökçe Ünal, S. Keleş, S. Pekcan, A. Kılıç, Ö. Akcan, K. Erdoğan, H. Özdemir, I. Kilinç, M. Özdemir","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1756442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1756442","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Objective Vitamin D, due to its immunomodulating effect, zinc, and vitamin A, which affect cellular and humoral immunity, are thought to affect the clinical severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. The present study evaluates the association between vitamin A, D, and zinc deficiencies and disease severity in pediatric patients with COVID-19 infections.\u0000 Methods The levels of vitamin A, D, and zinc at the time of diagnosis of 123 pediatric patients who presented to our hospital and were diagnosed as having hospitalized, nonhospitalized COVID-19 infection group, and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) were evaluated. The correlations of the measured levels with the disease severity and the need for intensive care or hospitalization were analyzed.\u0000 Results Among the 123 patients, 21.1% (n = 26), 42.2% (n = 52), and 36.7% (n = 45) had a diagnosis of MIS-C, belonged to the hospitalized COVID-19 infection group, or belonged to the nonhospitalized COVID-19 infection group, respectively. Zinc levels were significantly lower in the MIS-C group than in the nonhospitalized group (p < 0.05). Vitamin A levels were found to be significantly lower in the MIS-C group than in the nonhospitalized group (p < 0.01) and significantly lower in the hospitalized group when compared with the nonhospitalized group (p < 0.001). Deficiencies in vitamin A, vitamin D, and zinc levels were found to be most common in the MIS-C group (42.3%) and in hospitalized COVID-19 group (15.3%). In the nonhospitalized COVID-19 group, it was found to be the lowest at 6.6%.\u0000 Conclusion Based on the results of the present study and a literature review, it can be said that vitamin A, D, and zinc deficiencies may associate with the severity of COVID-19, although more studies are required to clarify this subject further.","PeriodicalId":16739,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric infectious diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44973804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Evren, T. Besci, Ö. Appak, A. Sayıner, G. Arslan, M. Duman
Abstract Objective This study aimed to determine the epidemiology and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) propensity of common respiratory viruses in a tertiary pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) among hospitalized children who were tested for respiratory viruses by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) prior to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods Respiratory tract samples were collected from patients who were followed up in the Dokuz Eylul University Hospital pediatric intensive care unit between March 2015 and March 2020 and tested for viral pathogens. The results of 269 patients between 1 month and 18 years of age were evaluated retrospectively. Results In the 5 years preceding the COVID-19 pandemic, 269 patients with a lower respiratory infection were admitted to the PICU. A positive viral PCR result was detected in 160 patients (59.5%). Human rhinovirus was the most common virus (40%), followed by respiratory syncytial virus (26.3%), human bocavirus (10%), and seasonal coronaviruses (10%). Five (33.3%) of the fifteen children who developed ARDS were infected with influenza A/B, while four (26.7%) were infected with human metapneumovirus (hMPV). Conclusion Although rhinovirus was the most common viral agent in critically ill children, the incidence of ARDS was higher in children aged over 1 year who had influenza or hMPV infection.
{"title":"Epidemiology and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Propensity of Viral Respiratory Infections in Pediatric Intensive Care Units Prior to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic","authors":"G. Evren, T. Besci, Ö. Appak, A. Sayıner, G. Arslan, M. Duman","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1760410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1760410","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective This study aimed to determine the epidemiology and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) propensity of common respiratory viruses in a tertiary pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) among hospitalized children who were tested for respiratory viruses by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) prior to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods Respiratory tract samples were collected from patients who were followed up in the Dokuz Eylul University Hospital pediatric intensive care unit between March 2015 and March 2020 and tested for viral pathogens. The results of 269 patients between 1 month and 18 years of age were evaluated retrospectively. Results In the 5 years preceding the COVID-19 pandemic, 269 patients with a lower respiratory infection were admitted to the PICU. A positive viral PCR result was detected in 160 patients (59.5%). Human rhinovirus was the most common virus (40%), followed by respiratory syncytial virus (26.3%), human bocavirus (10%), and seasonal coronaviruses (10%). Five (33.3%) of the fifteen children who developed ARDS were infected with influenza A/B, while four (26.7%) were infected with human metapneumovirus (hMPV). Conclusion Although rhinovirus was the most common viral agent in critically ill children, the incidence of ARDS was higher in children aged over 1 year who had influenza or hMPV infection.","PeriodicalId":16739,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric infectious diseases","volume":"18 1","pages":"071 - 076"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48535490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective The epidemiological and clinical characteristics of neonates born to women infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during pregnancy were assessed, and the correlation between this infection and spontaneous pneumothorax in neonates born to mothers with COVID-19 was evaluated in the present study. Methods Records of 14 neonates in the neonatal intensive care unit with pneumothorax were collected and analyzed. Pregnant women were routinely screened for COVID-19 before birth. This study only included the neonates of mothers positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 immunoglobulin Mand immunoglobulin G and developing spontaneous pneumothorax. Antenatal, natal and postnatal risk factors, data related to demographic, epidemiological and clinical characteristics, treatment strategies, and breastfeeding history were obtained from medical records. Results The gestational age of the 14 neonates was 30 to 38 weeks. One male infant was born by normal spontaneous vaginal delivery, while all other infants were born by C-section. Though the mothers did not have a diagnosis of COVID-19 in their charts, they all reported one or more symptoms when interviewed. No mother had received a COVID-19 vaccination before or during pregnancy. No mother had undergone a hospital visit or doctor examination due to suspicion of COVID and COVID polymerase chain reaction test. COVID antibody titers were present during admission to hospital before birth. Conclusion The infants of pregnant cases with symptomatic or asymptomatic COVID-19 may develop respiratory distress and pneumothorax. Observational data obtained from case series similar to what is presented here may be accepted as a potential first step to producing hypotheses to test with preclinical or clinical models if it can be expanded in larger cohorts.
{"title":"Increased Rate of Spontaneous Pneumothorax in Infants of COVID-19 Positive Mothers","authors":"S. Gürel, S. Yildirim","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1755209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1755209","url":null,"abstract":"Objective The epidemiological and clinical characteristics of neonates born to women infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during pregnancy were assessed, and the correlation between this infection and spontaneous pneumothorax in neonates born to mothers with COVID-19 was evaluated in the present study.\u0000 Methods Records of 14 neonates in the neonatal intensive care unit with pneumothorax were collected and analyzed. Pregnant women were routinely screened for COVID-19 before birth. This study only included the neonates of mothers positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 immunoglobulin Mand immunoglobulin G and developing spontaneous pneumothorax. Antenatal, natal and postnatal risk factors, data related to demographic, epidemiological and clinical characteristics, treatment strategies, and breastfeeding history were obtained from medical records.\u0000 Results The gestational age of the 14 neonates was 30 to 38 weeks. One male infant was born by normal spontaneous vaginal delivery, while all other infants were born by C-section. Though the mothers did not have a diagnosis of COVID-19 in their charts, they all reported one or more symptoms when interviewed. No mother had received a COVID-19 vaccination before or during pregnancy. No mother had undergone a hospital visit or doctor examination due to suspicion of COVID and COVID polymerase chain reaction test. COVID antibody titers were present during admission to hospital before birth.\u0000 Conclusion The infants of pregnant cases with symptomatic or asymptomatic COVID-19 may develop respiratory distress and pneumothorax. Observational data obtained from case series similar to what is presented here may be accepted as a potential first step to producing hypotheses to test with preclinical or clinical models if it can be expanded in larger cohorts.","PeriodicalId":16739,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric infectious diseases","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41347303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sheeja Sugunan, S. Bindusha, H. R. Niyas, S. Geetha, R. V. Chinchilu
Objective This article determines the occurrence and variables associated with pulse methylprednisolone treatment failure in children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). Methods This prospective observational study was undertaken at a tertiary care teaching hospital in Kerala, India. Children admitted with COVID-19-related MIS-C who were treated with pulse methylprednisolone as first-line therapy were included in the study. Depending on the response to the treatment, they were divided into two groups. The clinical, laboratory parameters, and follow-up findings at 3 months were compared between the two groups Results Seventy-six patients were admitted with MIS-C during the study period. Sixty received pulse methylprednisolone as the first-line therapy. Of the 60 patients who received pulse methylprednisolone, 50 responded to treatment, while 10 required repeat immunomodulation. Need for noninvasive or invasive ventilation (relative risk [RR]: 13.14, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.147–54.88), six or more organ involvement (RR: 4.667, 95% CI: 1.349–16.149), thrombocytopenia (RR: 6.43, 95% CI: 0.87–47.6, p 0.003), and abnormal chest X-ray findings at admission (RR: 4.5, 95% CI: 1.46–13.8), were found to be associated with increased risk of treatment failure with pulse methylprednisolone therapy. Note that 88% of patients with coronary artery involvement showed resolution at 3-month follow-up. Conclusion More than 80% of children with MIS-C can be treated successfully with corticosteroids. The need for ventilator support, abnormal chest X-ray findings, and thrombocytopenia at admission were found to be factors associated with pulse methylprednisolone treatment failure.
{"title":"Factors Associated with Pulse Methylprednisolone Treatment Failure in COVID-19-Related Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C)","authors":"Sheeja Sugunan, S. Bindusha, H. R. Niyas, S. Geetha, R. V. Chinchilu","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1755210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1755210","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Objective This article determines the occurrence and variables associated with pulse methylprednisolone treatment failure in children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C).\u0000 Methods This prospective observational study was undertaken at a tertiary care teaching hospital in Kerala, India. Children admitted with COVID-19-related MIS-C who were treated with pulse methylprednisolone as first-line therapy were included in the study. Depending on the response to the treatment, they were divided into two groups. The clinical, laboratory parameters, and follow-up findings at 3 months were compared between the two groups\u0000 Results Seventy-six patients were admitted with MIS-C during the study period. Sixty received pulse methylprednisolone as the first-line therapy. Of the 60 patients who received pulse methylprednisolone, 50 responded to treatment, while 10 required repeat immunomodulation. Need for noninvasive or invasive ventilation (relative risk [RR]: 13.14, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.147–54.88), six or more organ involvement (RR: 4.667, 95% CI: 1.349–16.149), thrombocytopenia (RR: 6.43, 95% CI: 0.87–47.6, p 0.003), and abnormal chest X-ray findings at admission (RR: 4.5, 95% CI: 1.46–13.8), were found to be associated with increased risk of treatment failure with pulse methylprednisolone therapy. Note that 88% of patients with coronary artery involvement showed resolution at 3-month follow-up.\u0000 Conclusion More than 80% of children with MIS-C can be treated successfully with corticosteroids. The need for ventilator support, abnormal chest X-ray findings, and thrombocytopenia at admission were found to be factors associated with pulse methylprednisolone treatment failure.","PeriodicalId":16739,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric infectious diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49426877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Neslihan Güntekin, Gokce Kader Arslan, M. Özdemir, A. Tunçdemir
Abstract Objective The impression materials are contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms carried by saliva and blood in the mouth. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of 1 and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) and zeta 7 solution, a commercial disinfectant, on alginate and to compare it washing with distilled water. Methods Samples obtained from alginate impressions taken from eight pediatric patients selected in accordance with the inclusion criteria with a size of 1 × 1 cm were subjected to five different disinfection protocols. After samples were vortexed in 3-mL physiological saline, 1-mL volume were inoculated onto brain heart infusion agar and cultured at 37°C for 72 hours to determine the number of colony-forming units/mL. Streptococcus mutans , Staphylococcus aureus , Escherichia coli , Candida albicans were used as control strains. The data obtained were statistically evaluated by using analysis of variance and post-hoc tests. The differences were considered statistically significant when p < 0.05. Results All of the disinfectant solutions tested were effective in the disinfection of the impression materials examined. The control group with no treatment and the water and flushing group had a significantly higher bacterial load compared to the other disinfectant-treated groups in terms of bacterial load, and no significant difference has been observed between the disinfectant solutions ( p < 0.05). Simple rinsing of the impressions in sterile water reduced the number of microorganisms but did not decontaminate the impressions. Conclusion Washing with water alone is insufficient for measured disinfection. Although NaClO is an effective disinfectant even at low concentrations, microorganism growth was not observed at 5.25% concentration. It is appropriate to use NaClO at 1 and 5.25% concentrations for impression disinfection.
{"title":"Investigation of the Antimicrobial Effect of Different Disinfectants on Alginate Measurement Materials","authors":"Neslihan Güntekin, Gokce Kader Arslan, M. Özdemir, A. Tunçdemir","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1759530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1759530","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective The impression materials are contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms carried by saliva and blood in the mouth. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of 1 and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) and zeta 7 solution, a commercial disinfectant, on alginate and to compare it washing with distilled water. Methods Samples obtained from alginate impressions taken from eight pediatric patients selected in accordance with the inclusion criteria with a size of 1 × 1 cm were subjected to five different disinfection protocols. After samples were vortexed in 3-mL physiological saline, 1-mL volume were inoculated onto brain heart infusion agar and cultured at 37°C for 72 hours to determine the number of colony-forming units/mL. Streptococcus mutans , Staphylococcus aureus , Escherichia coli , Candida albicans were used as control strains. The data obtained were statistically evaluated by using analysis of variance and post-hoc tests. The differences were considered statistically significant when p < 0.05. Results All of the disinfectant solutions tested were effective in the disinfection of the impression materials examined. The control group with no treatment and the water and flushing group had a significantly higher bacterial load compared to the other disinfectant-treated groups in terms of bacterial load, and no significant difference has been observed between the disinfectant solutions ( p < 0.05). Simple rinsing of the impressions in sterile water reduced the number of microorganisms but did not decontaminate the impressions. Conclusion Washing with water alone is insufficient for measured disinfection. Although NaClO is an effective disinfectant even at low concentrations, microorganism growth was not observed at 5.25% concentration. It is appropriate to use NaClO at 1 and 5.25% concentrations for impression disinfection.","PeriodicalId":16739,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric infectious diseases","volume":"18 1","pages":"025 - 030"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48193503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Erat, Tuğba Meliha Fatma Ercan, H. Aslan, Abdullah Solmaz
Abstract Objective Brucellosis is the most common zoonotic disease. Isolation of Brucella melitensis in blood culture is accepted as the gold standard for diagnosis. This study aims to determine the predictive factors of B. melitensis bacteremia in pediatric patients followed up with brucellosis. Methods Two-hundred twenty pediatric brucellosis patients were included in the study. The epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory data were recorded. Results The patients comprised 63.2% males and 36.8% females with a mean age of 10.45 ± 4.36 years (range, 1–18 years), and 70.5% were younger than 14 years old. B. melitensis was isolated in the blood culture in 33.6% of patients. In the epidemiological history of pediatric patients with bacteremic brucellosis, there was a history of dealing with, owning, or working with livestock. In patients with brucellosis, fever and weight loss, hepatomegaly, and arthritis were more common in patients with bacteremia than in those without bacteremia. Among laboratory findings, leukopenia, low albumin value, and high C-reactive protein were calculated as predictors of Brucella bacteremia in patients with brucellosis. Conclusion In regions where brucellosis is endemic, serum agglutination tests may be positive without clinical findings. Brucellosis can mimic many other diseases, so the definitive diagnosis is demonstrated by bacteremia. Blood cultures should be taken in patients with predictive factors suggestive of brucellosis.
{"title":"Predicting Factors of Brucella melitensis Bacteremia in Children Admitted with Brucellosis","authors":"T. Erat, Tuğba Meliha Fatma Ercan, H. Aslan, Abdullah Solmaz","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1764205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1764205","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective Brucellosis is the most common zoonotic disease. Isolation of Brucella melitensis in blood culture is accepted as the gold standard for diagnosis. This study aims to determine the predictive factors of B. melitensis bacteremia in pediatric patients followed up with brucellosis. Methods Two-hundred twenty pediatric brucellosis patients were included in the study. The epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory data were recorded. Results The patients comprised 63.2% males and 36.8% females with a mean age of 10.45 ± 4.36 years (range, 1–18 years), and 70.5% were younger than 14 years old. B. melitensis was isolated in the blood culture in 33.6% of patients. In the epidemiological history of pediatric patients with bacteremic brucellosis, there was a history of dealing with, owning, or working with livestock. In patients with brucellosis, fever and weight loss, hepatomegaly, and arthritis were more common in patients with bacteremia than in those without bacteremia. Among laboratory findings, leukopenia, low albumin value, and high C-reactive protein were calculated as predictors of Brucella bacteremia in patients with brucellosis. Conclusion In regions where brucellosis is endemic, serum agglutination tests may be positive without clinical findings. Brucellosis can mimic many other diseases, so the definitive diagnosis is demonstrated by bacteremia. Blood cultures should be taken in patients with predictive factors suggestive of brucellosis.","PeriodicalId":16739,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric infectious diseases","volume":"18 1","pages":"139 - 144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42435184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Garba, F. Giwa, Hamdala Adelaiye, A. Olorukooba, F. Abdullahi, H. Makarfi, Y. Löwensteyn, L. Bont, Fadlullah Abdurraheem, Ehi Uudu, Halima Mudasir, N. Mazur
Abstract Objective Globally, 33 million cases of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections occur annually among under-fives (5s). Ninety-nine percent of deaths from RSV occur in low- and middle-income countries. Under-five pneumonia mortality in Nigeria was estimated at 140,520 in 2017, but RSV epidemiological data are scant due to poor awareness and limited testing. Vaccines for RSV are currently under development and RSV mortality data from this high mortality, low resource setting are essential to maximizing the potential benefit of vaccination as well as promoting vaccine uptake. This study aimed to describe the epidemiology of RSV-associated acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRTI) in children younger than 5 years in Zaria, Northwestern Nigeria. Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted among children aged 1 month to 5 years who were hospitalized with ALRTI in the Emergency Pediatric Unit of a tertiary hospital in Zaria from November 2018 to October 2019. Naso-pharyngeal swabs were obtained for RSV testing using a point-of-care immunoassay technique. Results Thirty-three percent (35/106) of the children had RSV-related ALRTI. The median age of RSV-positive cases was 8 months (IQR 3–14). Two-thirds of children (68.6%, 24/35) were below 12 months. The RSV mortality rate was 5.7% (2/35). RSV occurred in 10 months of the year with peaks in March and July. Conclusion A third of admitted children with ALRTI were positive for RSV. Therefore RSV significantly contributes to childhood pneumonia and the dual seasonal peak observed in our study may have implications for vaccine implementation.
{"title":"Epidemiology of Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Associated Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infection among Hospitalized Under-5s in Northwestern Nigeria","authors":"M. Garba, F. Giwa, Hamdala Adelaiye, A. Olorukooba, F. Abdullahi, H. Makarfi, Y. Löwensteyn, L. Bont, Fadlullah Abdurraheem, Ehi Uudu, Halima Mudasir, N. Mazur","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1760446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1760446","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective Globally, 33 million cases of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections occur annually among under-fives (5s). Ninety-nine percent of deaths from RSV occur in low- and middle-income countries. Under-five pneumonia mortality in Nigeria was estimated at 140,520 in 2017, but RSV epidemiological data are scant due to poor awareness and limited testing. Vaccines for RSV are currently under development and RSV mortality data from this high mortality, low resource setting are essential to maximizing the potential benefit of vaccination as well as promoting vaccine uptake. This study aimed to describe the epidemiology of RSV-associated acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRTI) in children younger than 5 years in Zaria, Northwestern Nigeria. Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted among children aged 1 month to 5 years who were hospitalized with ALRTI in the Emergency Pediatric Unit of a tertiary hospital in Zaria from November 2018 to October 2019. Naso-pharyngeal swabs were obtained for RSV testing using a point-of-care immunoassay technique. Results Thirty-three percent (35/106) of the children had RSV-related ALRTI. The median age of RSV-positive cases was 8 months (IQR 3–14). Two-thirds of children (68.6%, 24/35) were below 12 months. The RSV mortality rate was 5.7% (2/35). RSV occurred in 10 months of the year with peaks in March and July. Conclusion A third of admitted children with ALRTI were positive for RSV. Therefore RSV significantly contributes to childhood pneumonia and the dual seasonal peak observed in our study may have implications for vaccine implementation.","PeriodicalId":16739,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric infectious diseases","volume":"18 1","pages":"101 - 106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45109466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ömer Güneş, Aslınur Özkaya-Parlakay, Ahmet Yasin Güney, Latife Güder, Özlem Mustafaoğlu, Pınar Bayraktar, S. Kanık-Yüksek, Belgin Gülhan
Abstract Objective The aim of this study is to determine parents' knowledge levels and attitudes about childhood human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and reveal the differences between parents who are health care workers and nonhealth care workers. The HPV vaccine can potentially prevent initial HPV infection and HPV-related genital and anal precancerous disorders and cancers. Methods Questions and attitudes toward childhood HPV vaccination were asked to 564 parents who agreed to participate in the study. Results In our study, the rate of health care worker parents considering having their children vaccinated against HPV (63.1%) was higher than that of nonhealth care worker parents (11.4%). Only 5% of parents had their children previously vaccinated against HPV; however, there was no difference between parents who were health care workers and those who were not. In addition, this rate was relatively low compared to other paid vaccines (49.8, 35.3, and 18.8%, respectively). Parents who had not previously vaccinated their children against HPV were considering getting their children vaccinated, especially if a pediatrician recommended it. Conclusion The parents' high level of health literacy may not be effective in deciding to vaccinate their children against HPV. Therefore, adequate information and awareness should be provided to all parents about HPV vaccination as early as possible for all children of appropriate age. Pediatricians should be given important roles in raising the awareness of parents about childhood HPV vaccination by health authorities.
{"title":"A Survey on Parents' Health Literacy on Childhood Human Papilloma Virus Vaccination","authors":"Ömer Güneş, Aslınur Özkaya-Parlakay, Ahmet Yasin Güney, Latife Güder, Özlem Mustafaoğlu, Pınar Bayraktar, S. Kanık-Yüksek, Belgin Gülhan","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1760374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1760374","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective The aim of this study is to determine parents' knowledge levels and attitudes about childhood human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and reveal the differences between parents who are health care workers and nonhealth care workers. The HPV vaccine can potentially prevent initial HPV infection and HPV-related genital and anal precancerous disorders and cancers. Methods Questions and attitudes toward childhood HPV vaccination were asked to 564 parents who agreed to participate in the study. Results In our study, the rate of health care worker parents considering having their children vaccinated against HPV (63.1%) was higher than that of nonhealth care worker parents (11.4%). Only 5% of parents had their children previously vaccinated against HPV; however, there was no difference between parents who were health care workers and those who were not. In addition, this rate was relatively low compared to other paid vaccines (49.8, 35.3, and 18.8%, respectively). Parents who had not previously vaccinated their children against HPV were considering getting their children vaccinated, especially if a pediatrician recommended it. Conclusion The parents' high level of health literacy may not be effective in deciding to vaccinate their children against HPV. Therefore, adequate information and awareness should be provided to all parents about HPV vaccination as early as possible for all children of appropriate age. Pediatricians should be given important roles in raising the awareness of parents about childhood HPV vaccination by health authorities.","PeriodicalId":16739,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric infectious diseases","volume":"18 1","pages":"046 - 054"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48671370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kayden Chahal, K. Omran, Rakesh Vora, M. Upadhyaya
Abstract Objective Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection is very serious, and thus, it is common practice, worldwide, to screen for MRSA colonization at admission and institute decolonization procedures. Our aim was to review adherence to local guidelines and sepsis risk in pediatric patients with a focus on surgical cases. Methods A retrospective case note review was conducted from January 2019 to October 2020 in a tertiary pediatric hospital. Data collected included demographics, incidence of sepsis, pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admissions, and adherence to guidelines. The results were analyzed with an SPSS statistical package. Results MRSA screening was performed in all 47,904 admissions; 161/47,904 had MRSA colonization. All underwent topical decontamination; however, isolation guidelines were adhered in only 7.45%; 71/161 were surgical patients; 23/71 were admitted to the PICU. Irrespective of the class of wound, 4/71 surgical patients developed MRSA sepsis. Of these, 2/5 surgical patients did not receive MRSA appropriate preoperative antibiotics; 4/5 surgical patients who had sepsis were admitted to PICU. Standard preoperative World Health Organization (WHO) surgical checklists were completed in all surgical cases. There was no mention of MRSA status in these forms. Conclusion MRSA remains a risk for sepsis and PICU admissions despite a 100% compliance with screening and decontamination. Adherence to WHO checklist did not result in the administration of correct antibiotics. High risk of postoperative sepsis (6.8%), with 80% needing PICU, irrespective of class of wound, mandates a more robust approach to prevention. Changes need to be made to WHO local surgical checklists.
{"title":"Experience with Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a Central London Tertiary Pediatric Hospital","authors":"Kayden Chahal, K. Omran, Rakesh Vora, M. Upadhyaya","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1759783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1759783","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection is very serious, and thus, it is common practice, worldwide, to screen for MRSA colonization at admission and institute decolonization procedures. Our aim was to review adherence to local guidelines and sepsis risk in pediatric patients with a focus on surgical cases. Methods A retrospective case note review was conducted from January 2019 to October 2020 in a tertiary pediatric hospital. Data collected included demographics, incidence of sepsis, pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admissions, and adherence to guidelines. The results were analyzed with an SPSS statistical package. Results MRSA screening was performed in all 47,904 admissions; 161/47,904 had MRSA colonization. All underwent topical decontamination; however, isolation guidelines were adhered in only 7.45%; 71/161 were surgical patients; 23/71 were admitted to the PICU. Irrespective of the class of wound, 4/71 surgical patients developed MRSA sepsis. Of these, 2/5 surgical patients did not receive MRSA appropriate preoperative antibiotics; 4/5 surgical patients who had sepsis were admitted to PICU. Standard preoperative World Health Organization (WHO) surgical checklists were completed in all surgical cases. There was no mention of MRSA status in these forms. Conclusion MRSA remains a risk for sepsis and PICU admissions despite a 100% compliance with screening and decontamination. Adherence to WHO checklist did not result in the administration of correct antibiotics. High risk of postoperative sepsis (6.8%), with 80% needing PICU, irrespective of class of wound, mandates a more robust approach to prevention. Changes need to be made to WHO local surgical checklists.","PeriodicalId":16739,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric infectious diseases","volume":"18 1","pages":"083 - 087"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44279060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gökçe Ünal, S. Pekcan, Ö. Metin Akcan, S. Keleş, A. Yılmaz, Fadime Ceyda Eldeniz, H. T. Çağlar, M. Özdemir, N. Poyraz, F. Kılınç, Ayşe Bulut
Abstract Objective Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an immobile aerobic bacillus that causes tuberculosis (TB) disease. We aimed to evaluate the association between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), COVID-19-related drugs, TB reactivation, and TB incidence during the pandemic. Methods Eight patients who were diagnosed as having TB in Meram Medical Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University between March 1, 2020, and December 31, 2021, at the beginning of the pandemic, were enrolled in this study. The presence of COVID-19 infection was confirmed using COVID-19 antibody tests and the patients' COVID-19 history. We evaluated the demographic data, laboratory findings, imaging tests, and pathology results of all patients. Results We checked all our patients with TB using COVID-19 antibodies (immunoglobulin [Ig]G + IgM) or polymerase chain reaction. Seven of the eight patients were female (87.5%). The median age was 16 years. Family screening of all patients was negative, and they had bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccine scars. Two patients had chronic diseases. One was diagnosed as having primary ciliary dyskinesia in our department (patient no. 8) and the second was under follow-up by the rheumatology department with a diagnosis of juvenile idiopathic rheumatoid arthritis. Conclusion There has been an increase in the incidence of TB in children, especially in adolescents, during the pandemic period. This may be due to the pathogenic structure of the COVID-19 virus with an unknown mechanism. In addition, lifestyle changes and changes in health care policies during the pandemic may have caused this. Further research should be performed on this topic.
{"title":"Reactivation of Tuberculosis and COVID-19 in Pediatric Patients","authors":"Gökçe Ünal, S. Pekcan, Ö. Metin Akcan, S. Keleş, A. Yılmaz, Fadime Ceyda Eldeniz, H. T. Çağlar, M. Özdemir, N. Poyraz, F. Kılınç, Ayşe Bulut","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1760409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1760409","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an immobile aerobic bacillus that causes tuberculosis (TB) disease. We aimed to evaluate the association between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), COVID-19-related drugs, TB reactivation, and TB incidence during the pandemic. Methods Eight patients who were diagnosed as having TB in Meram Medical Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University between March 1, 2020, and December 31, 2021, at the beginning of the pandemic, were enrolled in this study. The presence of COVID-19 infection was confirmed using COVID-19 antibody tests and the patients' COVID-19 history. We evaluated the demographic data, laboratory findings, imaging tests, and pathology results of all patients. Results We checked all our patients with TB using COVID-19 antibodies (immunoglobulin [Ig]G + IgM) or polymerase chain reaction. Seven of the eight patients were female (87.5%). The median age was 16 years. Family screening of all patients was negative, and they had bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccine scars. Two patients had chronic diseases. One was diagnosed as having primary ciliary dyskinesia in our department (patient no. 8) and the second was under follow-up by the rheumatology department with a diagnosis of juvenile idiopathic rheumatoid arthritis. Conclusion There has been an increase in the incidence of TB in children, especially in adolescents, during the pandemic period. This may be due to the pathogenic structure of the COVID-19 virus with an unknown mechanism. In addition, lifestyle changes and changes in health care policies during the pandemic may have caused this. Further research should be performed on this topic.","PeriodicalId":16739,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric infectious diseases","volume":"18 1","pages":"094 - 100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49384195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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