Pub Date : 2024-02-13DOI: 10.1177/0976500x231225287
Kamal Vyas, Bhushan Mahiskar, Preeti Borkar, Pratyendra Pal Singh, Pooja Basnal, Khushali Balpande
Background: A frequent autoimmune condition that results in pigmentation all over the body is vitiligo. It is quite significant from a socio-medical perspective. A lack of melanocytes caused white patches to form on the body. In Ayurveda, it is comparable to Shvitra or Shweta Kushta. Finding some safe and efficient medications from alternative medical sciences is necessary because of the side effects and restrictions of modern contemporary practice. Vitiligo has a significant influence on patients’ quality of life; many of these people experience stigma and depression as a result of their disease. There is a lot of potential for Ayurveda to heal such autoimmune skin conditions. Treatment for Shvitra in Ayurveda includes Panchakarma and Shaman Chikitsa. Here is an example of a 27-year-old female patient with vitiligo who had Ayurvedic treatment, which included oral medication and treatments like vamana and after medicine there was a drastic change in patches. Methodology: Vitiligo exerts a substantial impact on the quality of life for affected individuals, often inducing stigma and depression. Ayurveda demonstrates promising potential in addressing autoimmune dermatological conditions. Ayurvedic interventions for Shvitra encompass Panchakarma and Shaman Chikitsa. Results: A recurrent autoimmune disorder leading to systemic pigmentation alterations is vitiligo, which holds considerable significance from a socio-medical standpoint. Depigmentation arises due to the absence of melanocytes, resulting in the manifestation of white patches on the integument. In the context of Ayurveda, vitiligo is akin to Shvitra or Shweta kushta. The exploration of safe and efficacious interventions from alternative medical disciplines becomes imperative due to the limitations and adverse effects associated with contemporary mainstream medical practices. Conclusion: In this case study, a 27-year-old female patient diagnosed with vitiligo underwent Ayurvedic treatment, incorporating oral medications and therapeutic procedures like Vamana. Post-treatment, a remarkable transformation in depigmented patches was observed, underscoring the potential efficacy of Ayurveda in managing vitiligo.
{"title":"The Management of Shvitra (Leukoderma) with Rakta mokshna (Jalauka vidhi) and Vaman vidhi: A Case Study","authors":"Kamal Vyas, Bhushan Mahiskar, Preeti Borkar, Pratyendra Pal Singh, Pooja Basnal, Khushali Balpande","doi":"10.1177/0976500x231225287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0976500x231225287","url":null,"abstract":"Background: A frequent autoimmune condition that results in pigmentation all over the body is vitiligo. It is quite significant from a socio-medical perspective. A lack of melanocytes caused white patches to form on the body. In Ayurveda, it is comparable to Shvitra or Shweta Kushta. Finding some safe and efficient medications from alternative medical sciences is necessary because of the side effects and restrictions of modern contemporary practice. Vitiligo has a significant influence on patients’ quality of life; many of these people experience stigma and depression as a result of their disease. There is a lot of potential for Ayurveda to heal such autoimmune skin conditions. Treatment for Shvitra in Ayurveda includes Panchakarma and Shaman Chikitsa. Here is an example of a 27-year-old female patient with vitiligo who had Ayurvedic treatment, which included oral medication and treatments like vamana and after medicine there was a drastic change in patches. Methodology: Vitiligo exerts a substantial impact on the quality of life for affected individuals, often inducing stigma and depression. Ayurveda demonstrates promising potential in addressing autoimmune dermatological conditions. Ayurvedic interventions for Shvitra encompass Panchakarma and Shaman Chikitsa. Results: A recurrent autoimmune disorder leading to systemic pigmentation alterations is vitiligo, which holds considerable significance from a socio-medical standpoint. Depigmentation arises due to the absence of melanocytes, resulting in the manifestation of white patches on the integument. In the context of Ayurveda, vitiligo is akin to Shvitra or Shweta kushta. The exploration of safe and efficacious interventions from alternative medical disciplines becomes imperative due to the limitations and adverse effects associated with contemporary mainstream medical practices. Conclusion: In this case study, a 27-year-old female patient diagnosed with vitiligo underwent Ayurvedic treatment, incorporating oral medications and therapeutic procedures like Vamana. Post-treatment, a remarkable transformation in depigmented patches was observed, underscoring the potential efficacy of Ayurveda in managing vitiligo.","PeriodicalId":16780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139841813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-13DOI: 10.1177/0976500x231225287
Kamal Vyas, Bhushan Mahiskar, Preeti Borkar, Pratyendra Pal Singh, Pooja Basnal, Khushali Balpande
Background: A frequent autoimmune condition that results in pigmentation all over the body is vitiligo. It is quite significant from a socio-medical perspective. A lack of melanocytes caused white patches to form on the body. In Ayurveda, it is comparable to Shvitra or Shweta Kushta. Finding some safe and efficient medications from alternative medical sciences is necessary because of the side effects and restrictions of modern contemporary practice. Vitiligo has a significant influence on patients’ quality of life; many of these people experience stigma and depression as a result of their disease. There is a lot of potential for Ayurveda to heal such autoimmune skin conditions. Treatment for Shvitra in Ayurveda includes Panchakarma and Shaman Chikitsa. Here is an example of a 27-year-old female patient with vitiligo who had Ayurvedic treatment, which included oral medication and treatments like vamana and after medicine there was a drastic change in patches. Methodology: Vitiligo exerts a substantial impact on the quality of life for affected individuals, often inducing stigma and depression. Ayurveda demonstrates promising potential in addressing autoimmune dermatological conditions. Ayurvedic interventions for Shvitra encompass Panchakarma and Shaman Chikitsa. Results: A recurrent autoimmune disorder leading to systemic pigmentation alterations is vitiligo, which holds considerable significance from a socio-medical standpoint. Depigmentation arises due to the absence of melanocytes, resulting in the manifestation of white patches on the integument. In the context of Ayurveda, vitiligo is akin to Shvitra or Shweta kushta. The exploration of safe and efficacious interventions from alternative medical disciplines becomes imperative due to the limitations and adverse effects associated with contemporary mainstream medical practices. Conclusion: In this case study, a 27-year-old female patient diagnosed with vitiligo underwent Ayurvedic treatment, incorporating oral medications and therapeutic procedures like Vamana. Post-treatment, a remarkable transformation in depigmented patches was observed, underscoring the potential efficacy of Ayurveda in managing vitiligo.
{"title":"The Management of Shvitra (Leukoderma) with Rakta mokshna (Jalauka vidhi) and Vaman vidhi: A Case Study","authors":"Kamal Vyas, Bhushan Mahiskar, Preeti Borkar, Pratyendra Pal Singh, Pooja Basnal, Khushali Balpande","doi":"10.1177/0976500x231225287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0976500x231225287","url":null,"abstract":"Background: A frequent autoimmune condition that results in pigmentation all over the body is vitiligo. It is quite significant from a socio-medical perspective. A lack of melanocytes caused white patches to form on the body. In Ayurveda, it is comparable to Shvitra or Shweta Kushta. Finding some safe and efficient medications from alternative medical sciences is necessary because of the side effects and restrictions of modern contemporary practice. Vitiligo has a significant influence on patients’ quality of life; many of these people experience stigma and depression as a result of their disease. There is a lot of potential for Ayurveda to heal such autoimmune skin conditions. Treatment for Shvitra in Ayurveda includes Panchakarma and Shaman Chikitsa. Here is an example of a 27-year-old female patient with vitiligo who had Ayurvedic treatment, which included oral medication and treatments like vamana and after medicine there was a drastic change in patches. Methodology: Vitiligo exerts a substantial impact on the quality of life for affected individuals, often inducing stigma and depression. Ayurveda demonstrates promising potential in addressing autoimmune dermatological conditions. Ayurvedic interventions for Shvitra encompass Panchakarma and Shaman Chikitsa. Results: A recurrent autoimmune disorder leading to systemic pigmentation alterations is vitiligo, which holds considerable significance from a socio-medical standpoint. Depigmentation arises due to the absence of melanocytes, resulting in the manifestation of white patches on the integument. In the context of Ayurveda, vitiligo is akin to Shvitra or Shweta kushta. The exploration of safe and efficacious interventions from alternative medical disciplines becomes imperative due to the limitations and adverse effects associated with contemporary mainstream medical practices. Conclusion: In this case study, a 27-year-old female patient diagnosed with vitiligo underwent Ayurvedic treatment, incorporating oral medications and therapeutic procedures like Vamana. Post-treatment, a remarkable transformation in depigmented patches was observed, underscoring the potential efficacy of Ayurveda in managing vitiligo.","PeriodicalId":16780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139781906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-07DOI: 10.1177/0976500x231224528
Xu Qian, Yao Zhang, Hui-jun Tan
Objectives: Depression remains a refractory psychiatric disorder. Fluoxetine is a preferred class of antidepressant medication due to restrain retaking of biogenic monoamines. There was a new mechanism discovery that neuroplasticity was considered to underlie clinical antidepressant effects. However, reports display that fluoxetine’s actions on neuroplasticity still remain controversial. This study investigates fluoxetine’s role in the impact of synaptic function and morphology by different durations of fluoxetine treatment and the possible mechanisms involved. Materials and Methods: The chronic depression mice model was established by using the 7-week-old male C57BL/6 mice. Fluoxetine 10 mg/kg was treated for 7 days and 14 days. The depression-like behaviors were assessed using the tail-suspension test, forced swim test, sucrose preference, and open-field tests. Nissl staining was applied to assess hippocampus formation. Immunofluorescence and Golgi staining were used to investigate synaptic function and morphology. The hippocampal protein expression of SYP was examined using Western blotting. Results: We found that fluoxetine treatment for 2 weeks, as opposed to just 1 week, significantly alleviated symptoms of behavioral despair, anhedonia, and anxiety in the depressive mice. Furthermore, both 7- and 14-day fluoxetine administrations resulted in reduced impairment of hippocampal neurons and a tendency to increase the dendritic spine numbers in the context of depression. Additionally, only the 14-day fluoxetine treatment promoted the expression of SYP in the hippocampus. Conclusion: Chronic administration of fluoxetine significantly reduced depressive and anxiety-like behaviors and hippocampal impairment and enhanced synaptic plasticity in mice.
{"title":"Chronic Fluoxetine Treatment Reverses Depressive-like Behaviors in Mice via Enhancing Neuroplasticity","authors":"Xu Qian, Yao Zhang, Hui-jun Tan","doi":"10.1177/0976500x231224528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0976500x231224528","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Depression remains a refractory psychiatric disorder. Fluoxetine is a preferred class of antidepressant medication due to restrain retaking of biogenic monoamines. There was a new mechanism discovery that neuroplasticity was considered to underlie clinical antidepressant effects. However, reports display that fluoxetine’s actions on neuroplasticity still remain controversial. This study investigates fluoxetine’s role in the impact of synaptic function and morphology by different durations of fluoxetine treatment and the possible mechanisms involved. Materials and Methods: The chronic depression mice model was established by using the 7-week-old male C57BL/6 mice. Fluoxetine 10 mg/kg was treated for 7 days and 14 days. The depression-like behaviors were assessed using the tail-suspension test, forced swim test, sucrose preference, and open-field tests. Nissl staining was applied to assess hippocampus formation. Immunofluorescence and Golgi staining were used to investigate synaptic function and morphology. The hippocampal protein expression of SYP was examined using Western blotting. Results: We found that fluoxetine treatment for 2 weeks, as opposed to just 1 week, significantly alleviated symptoms of behavioral despair, anhedonia, and anxiety in the depressive mice. Furthermore, both 7- and 14-day fluoxetine administrations resulted in reduced impairment of hippocampal neurons and a tendency to increase the dendritic spine numbers in the context of depression. Additionally, only the 14-day fluoxetine treatment promoted the expression of SYP in the hippocampus. Conclusion: Chronic administration of fluoxetine significantly reduced depressive and anxiety-like behaviors and hippocampal impairment and enhanced synaptic plasticity in mice.","PeriodicalId":16780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139795491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-07DOI: 10.1177/0976500x231224528
Xu Qian, Yao Zhang, Hui-jun Tan
Objectives: Depression remains a refractory psychiatric disorder. Fluoxetine is a preferred class of antidepressant medication due to restrain retaking of biogenic monoamines. There was a new mechanism discovery that neuroplasticity was considered to underlie clinical antidepressant effects. However, reports display that fluoxetine’s actions on neuroplasticity still remain controversial. This study investigates fluoxetine’s role in the impact of synaptic function and morphology by different durations of fluoxetine treatment and the possible mechanisms involved. Materials and Methods: The chronic depression mice model was established by using the 7-week-old male C57BL/6 mice. Fluoxetine 10 mg/kg was treated for 7 days and 14 days. The depression-like behaviors were assessed using the tail-suspension test, forced swim test, sucrose preference, and open-field tests. Nissl staining was applied to assess hippocampus formation. Immunofluorescence and Golgi staining were used to investigate synaptic function and morphology. The hippocampal protein expression of SYP was examined using Western blotting. Results: We found that fluoxetine treatment for 2 weeks, as opposed to just 1 week, significantly alleviated symptoms of behavioral despair, anhedonia, and anxiety in the depressive mice. Furthermore, both 7- and 14-day fluoxetine administrations resulted in reduced impairment of hippocampal neurons and a tendency to increase the dendritic spine numbers in the context of depression. Additionally, only the 14-day fluoxetine treatment promoted the expression of SYP in the hippocampus. Conclusion: Chronic administration of fluoxetine significantly reduced depressive and anxiety-like behaviors and hippocampal impairment and enhanced synaptic plasticity in mice.
{"title":"Chronic Fluoxetine Treatment Reverses Depressive-like Behaviors in Mice via Enhancing Neuroplasticity","authors":"Xu Qian, Yao Zhang, Hui-jun Tan","doi":"10.1177/0976500x231224528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0976500x231224528","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Depression remains a refractory psychiatric disorder. Fluoxetine is a preferred class of antidepressant medication due to restrain retaking of biogenic monoamines. There was a new mechanism discovery that neuroplasticity was considered to underlie clinical antidepressant effects. However, reports display that fluoxetine’s actions on neuroplasticity still remain controversial. This study investigates fluoxetine’s role in the impact of synaptic function and morphology by different durations of fluoxetine treatment and the possible mechanisms involved. Materials and Methods: The chronic depression mice model was established by using the 7-week-old male C57BL/6 mice. Fluoxetine 10 mg/kg was treated for 7 days and 14 days. The depression-like behaviors were assessed using the tail-suspension test, forced swim test, sucrose preference, and open-field tests. Nissl staining was applied to assess hippocampus formation. Immunofluorescence and Golgi staining were used to investigate synaptic function and morphology. The hippocampal protein expression of SYP was examined using Western blotting. Results: We found that fluoxetine treatment for 2 weeks, as opposed to just 1 week, significantly alleviated symptoms of behavioral despair, anhedonia, and anxiety in the depressive mice. Furthermore, both 7- and 14-day fluoxetine administrations resulted in reduced impairment of hippocampal neurons and a tendency to increase the dendritic spine numbers in the context of depression. Additionally, only the 14-day fluoxetine treatment promoted the expression of SYP in the hippocampus. Conclusion: Chronic administration of fluoxetine significantly reduced depressive and anxiety-like behaviors and hippocampal impairment and enhanced synaptic plasticity in mice.","PeriodicalId":16780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139855556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-07DOI: 10.1177/0976500x231222689
Kaushal P. Navadia, Chetna R. Patel, Jeenal M. Patel, Sajal K. Pandya
Objective: The prescription errors and prescribing fault analysis was assessed, the rationality of the prescriptions was checked, and the medication error was categorized according to the NCC MERP Index. Methods: A cross-sectional, observational study was designed as per STROBE guidelines and conducted for 2 months in the pharmacy stores after approval of the Institutional Review Board. Patients’ written informed consent was taken before getting their prescriptions, and each of the prescriptions procured in this way was photographed for record. The completeness of 320 prescriptions of outpatients of all age groups regarding the details about the doctor and the patient and clinical diagnosis/indication was analyzed. The rationality of prescription was based on WHO core drug use indicators. Descriptive analysis was done by using Microsoft Excel. Results: A total of 320 prescriptions were analyzed from eight departments. Information about patients and prescribers was mentioned in 100% of prescriptions. The diagnosis (40%), an indication was written in 195 prescriptions. Instructions for dispensing drugs (89%), instructions to patients (90%), duration of treatment (100%), follow-up visits (19%), and non-pharmacological instructions (13%) were mentioned. In total, 82% of prescriptions were legible. In a total of 1004 drugs, 92% of drugs were prescribed with a generic name, 100% from the essential drug list. The route and frequency of drug administration were mentioned for all drugs. According to NCCMERP, the category of medication errors falls under category B. Conclusion: To reduce medication errors, we can implement an electronic system, involve clinical pharmacologists, utilize prescription charts, and organize nationwide workshops on rational prescription writing. We should encourage regular prescription audits and reporting to improve the healthcare system in the country.
{"title":"Evaluation of Medication Errors by Prescription Audit at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital","authors":"Kaushal P. Navadia, Chetna R. Patel, Jeenal M. Patel, Sajal K. Pandya","doi":"10.1177/0976500x231222689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0976500x231222689","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The prescription errors and prescribing fault analysis was assessed, the rationality of the prescriptions was checked, and the medication error was categorized according to the NCC MERP Index. Methods: A cross-sectional, observational study was designed as per STROBE guidelines and conducted for 2 months in the pharmacy stores after approval of the Institutional Review Board. Patients’ written informed consent was taken before getting their prescriptions, and each of the prescriptions procured in this way was photographed for record. The completeness of 320 prescriptions of outpatients of all age groups regarding the details about the doctor and the patient and clinical diagnosis/indication was analyzed. The rationality of prescription was based on WHO core drug use indicators. Descriptive analysis was done by using Microsoft Excel. Results: A total of 320 prescriptions were analyzed from eight departments. Information about patients and prescribers was mentioned in 100% of prescriptions. The diagnosis (40%), an indication was written in 195 prescriptions. Instructions for dispensing drugs (89%), instructions to patients (90%), duration of treatment (100%), follow-up visits (19%), and non-pharmacological instructions (13%) were mentioned. In total, 82% of prescriptions were legible. In a total of 1004 drugs, 92% of drugs were prescribed with a generic name, 100% from the essential drug list. The route and frequency of drug administration were mentioned for all drugs. According to NCCMERP, the category of medication errors falls under category B. Conclusion: To reduce medication errors, we can implement an electronic system, involve clinical pharmacologists, utilize prescription charts, and organize nationwide workshops on rational prescription writing. We should encourage regular prescription audits and reporting to improve the healthcare system in the country.","PeriodicalId":16780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139797430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-07DOI: 10.1177/0976500x231222689
Kaushal P. Navadia, Chetna R. Patel, Jeenal M. Patel, Sajal K. Pandya
Objective: The prescription errors and prescribing fault analysis was assessed, the rationality of the prescriptions was checked, and the medication error was categorized according to the NCC MERP Index. Methods: A cross-sectional, observational study was designed as per STROBE guidelines and conducted for 2 months in the pharmacy stores after approval of the Institutional Review Board. Patients’ written informed consent was taken before getting their prescriptions, and each of the prescriptions procured in this way was photographed for record. The completeness of 320 prescriptions of outpatients of all age groups regarding the details about the doctor and the patient and clinical diagnosis/indication was analyzed. The rationality of prescription was based on WHO core drug use indicators. Descriptive analysis was done by using Microsoft Excel. Results: A total of 320 prescriptions were analyzed from eight departments. Information about patients and prescribers was mentioned in 100% of prescriptions. The diagnosis (40%), an indication was written in 195 prescriptions. Instructions for dispensing drugs (89%), instructions to patients (90%), duration of treatment (100%), follow-up visits (19%), and non-pharmacological instructions (13%) were mentioned. In total, 82% of prescriptions were legible. In a total of 1004 drugs, 92% of drugs were prescribed with a generic name, 100% from the essential drug list. The route and frequency of drug administration were mentioned for all drugs. According to NCCMERP, the category of medication errors falls under category B. Conclusion: To reduce medication errors, we can implement an electronic system, involve clinical pharmacologists, utilize prescription charts, and organize nationwide workshops on rational prescription writing. We should encourage regular prescription audits and reporting to improve the healthcare system in the country.
{"title":"Evaluation of Medication Errors by Prescription Audit at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital","authors":"Kaushal P. Navadia, Chetna R. Patel, Jeenal M. Patel, Sajal K. Pandya","doi":"10.1177/0976500x231222689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0976500x231222689","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The prescription errors and prescribing fault analysis was assessed, the rationality of the prescriptions was checked, and the medication error was categorized according to the NCC MERP Index. Methods: A cross-sectional, observational study was designed as per STROBE guidelines and conducted for 2 months in the pharmacy stores after approval of the Institutional Review Board. Patients’ written informed consent was taken before getting their prescriptions, and each of the prescriptions procured in this way was photographed for record. The completeness of 320 prescriptions of outpatients of all age groups regarding the details about the doctor and the patient and clinical diagnosis/indication was analyzed. The rationality of prescription was based on WHO core drug use indicators. Descriptive analysis was done by using Microsoft Excel. Results: A total of 320 prescriptions were analyzed from eight departments. Information about patients and prescribers was mentioned in 100% of prescriptions. The diagnosis (40%), an indication was written in 195 prescriptions. Instructions for dispensing drugs (89%), instructions to patients (90%), duration of treatment (100%), follow-up visits (19%), and non-pharmacological instructions (13%) were mentioned. In total, 82% of prescriptions were legible. In a total of 1004 drugs, 92% of drugs were prescribed with a generic name, 100% from the essential drug list. The route and frequency of drug administration were mentioned for all drugs. According to NCCMERP, the category of medication errors falls under category B. Conclusion: To reduce medication errors, we can implement an electronic system, involve clinical pharmacologists, utilize prescription charts, and organize nationwide workshops on rational prescription writing. We should encourage regular prescription audits and reporting to improve the healthcare system in the country.","PeriodicalId":16780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139857430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-18DOI: 10.1177/0976500x231224907
Zhenhua Lu, Gangjie Wei, Qing Xu, Yangguang Li, Xiaojun Cai
The objective of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of Chang-An-Kang on ulcerative colitis rats. The rat model of ulcerative colitis induced by 6% glacial acetic acid was established. The corresponding therapeutic drugs were given 24 h after the model was established. The pathological morphology of colon tissue was observed after 21 days of continuous administration. The levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-7 (IL-7), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were measured by ELISA kit. The expression levels of NF-κB and STAT3 proteins in colon tissue were detected by IHC. The results showed that the changes in the pathological and biochemical indexes of the rat colon tissue indicate that the model was successfully established. Chang-An-Kang could significantly reduce rat colon tissue damage, decrease the content of IL-6, IL-7, and TNF-α, and increase the content of IL-10. The NF-κB and STAT3 protein expression levels were decreased. By increasing the content of anti-inflammatory factor IL-10, decreasing the content of pro-inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α, and inhibiting the expression of NF-κB and STAT3 proteins, Chang-An-Kang can reduce inflammatory infiltration. It has an obvious therapeutic effect on acetic acid ulcerative colitis in rats.
{"title":"Exploring the Mechanism of Chang-An-Kang on Active Ulcerative Colitis Rats Based on NF-κB/STAT3 Signaling Pathway","authors":"Zhenhua Lu, Gangjie Wei, Qing Xu, Yangguang Li, Xiaojun Cai","doi":"10.1177/0976500x231224907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0976500x231224907","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of Chang-An-Kang on ulcerative colitis rats. The rat model of ulcerative colitis induced by 6% glacial acetic acid was established. The corresponding therapeutic drugs were given 24 h after the model was established. The pathological morphology of colon tissue was observed after 21 days of continuous administration. The levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-7 (IL-7), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were measured by ELISA kit. The expression levels of NF-κB and STAT3 proteins in colon tissue were detected by IHC. The results showed that the changes in the pathological and biochemical indexes of the rat colon tissue indicate that the model was successfully established. Chang-An-Kang could significantly reduce rat colon tissue damage, decrease the content of IL-6, IL-7, and TNF-α, and increase the content of IL-10. The NF-κB and STAT3 protein expression levels were decreased. By increasing the content of anti-inflammatory factor IL-10, decreasing the content of pro-inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α, and inhibiting the expression of NF-κB and STAT3 proteins, Chang-An-Kang can reduce inflammatory infiltration. It has an obvious therapeutic effect on acetic acid ulcerative colitis in rats.","PeriodicalId":16780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139526657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-10DOI: 10.1177/0976500x231217140
Nurul Iska Ulmarika Idris, A. Purba, Arifa Mustika, A. Veterini, M. Y. Alsagaff, Mohammad Qorib
To analyze the cost-effectiveness and side effects of Heparin and Enoxaparin anticoagulants in patients with COVID-19-associated coagulopathy (CAC). This was an observational study with a retrospective design of CAC patients from May 2020 to May 2022 in Surabaya, Indonesia, who received Heparin and Enoxaparin. Effectiveness was comprehensively evaluated as clinical outcomes including mortality, length of stay (LOS), laboratory results, and side effects. Pharmacoeconomic evaluation was analyzed by constructing Decision Tree modeling followed by Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (CEA) considering Quality-Adjusted Life Year (QALY), and Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ICER). In addition, probability sensitivity analysis was performed to consider the cost-effective intervention. A number of 274 samples were included from Medical Records and finance reports. Heparin has a higher mortality rate compared to Enoxaparin (13.9% vs. 23.9; p = 0.040), with no difference in the side effects ( p = 0.056). D-Dimer reported a significant change in values after receiving Heparin (2271.01 ± 4595.50 ng/mL) and Enoxaparin (2140.95 ± 5681.98 ng/mL), p = 0.019. Enoxaparin was more cost-effective in pharmacoeconomic analysis, with a US$130.58/QALY ACER value, while Heparin was US$138.67/QALY. Enoxaparin therapy has better effectiveness, while side effects and costs are similar to Heparin. However, Enoxaparin is far more cost-effective to use against CAC conditions than Heparin.
{"title":"Cost-effectiveness and Side Effects of Using Heparin and Enoxaparin as a Treatment for COVID-19-associated Coagulopathy","authors":"Nurul Iska Ulmarika Idris, A. Purba, Arifa Mustika, A. Veterini, M. Y. Alsagaff, Mohammad Qorib","doi":"10.1177/0976500x231217140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0976500x231217140","url":null,"abstract":"To analyze the cost-effectiveness and side effects of Heparin and Enoxaparin anticoagulants in patients with COVID-19-associated coagulopathy (CAC). This was an observational study with a retrospective design of CAC patients from May 2020 to May 2022 in Surabaya, Indonesia, who received Heparin and Enoxaparin. Effectiveness was comprehensively evaluated as clinical outcomes including mortality, length of stay (LOS), laboratory results, and side effects. Pharmacoeconomic evaluation was analyzed by constructing Decision Tree modeling followed by Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (CEA) considering Quality-Adjusted Life Year (QALY), and Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ICER). In addition, probability sensitivity analysis was performed to consider the cost-effective intervention. A number of 274 samples were included from Medical Records and finance reports. Heparin has a higher mortality rate compared to Enoxaparin (13.9% vs. 23.9; p = 0.040), with no difference in the side effects ( p = 0.056). D-Dimer reported a significant change in values after receiving Heparin (2271.01 ± 4595.50 ng/mL) and Enoxaparin (2140.95 ± 5681.98 ng/mL), p = 0.019. Enoxaparin was more cost-effective in pharmacoeconomic analysis, with a US$130.58/QALY ACER value, while Heparin was US$138.67/QALY. Enoxaparin therapy has better effectiveness, while side effects and costs are similar to Heparin. However, Enoxaparin is far more cost-effective to use against CAC conditions than Heparin.","PeriodicalId":16780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139440989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-04DOI: 10.1177/0976500x231220085
Smriti Singh, P. Keshri, Vijaya Nath Mishra, Surya Pratap Singh
Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a movement-affecting neurodegenerative condition with an unclear etiology. Recent research suggests targeting poly-(adenosine 5-diphosphate-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) as a potential therapeutic approach for PD treatment. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of an ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera leaves (MOE) on a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced Parkinsonian mouse model, with a specific focus on investigating its potential to mitigate the effects of α-synuclein toxicity, oxidative stress–induced hyper-activation of PARP1, and mitochondrial dysfunction associated with PD pathology. Additionally, this study also intends to investigate the alterations in neurobehavioral and biochemical parameters associated with PD pathology. Methods: An in silico docking study was conducted to investigate the phytochemicals found in M. oleifera (MO, drumstick plant) leaves as the potent inhibitors of PARP1. An in vivo (neurobehavioral, biochemical, and western blot) study was conducted to assess the neuroprotective effect of MOE on the MPTP-induced Parkinsonian mouse model. Results: The results of in silico study showed that the phytochemicals found in MO leaves could be a potent inhibitor of PAPR1. The in vivo study results showed that MOE significantly ameliorated MPTP-induced neurobehavioral and biochemical deficits. MPTP-induced mitochondrial enzyme-complex deficits were found to be restored in MOE-treated mice. Additionally, the result obtained in the western blot analysis showed that MOE significantly restored the levels of tyrosine hydroxylase in MPTP-intoxicated mice. MOE enhanced the expression of the anti-apoptotic factor (Bcl-2) and suppressed the expression of pro-apoptotic factors (Bax and caspase-3). Additionally, the enhanced levels of α-synuclein and PARP1 were significantly suppressed by MOE. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that MOE may possess pharmacological properties that inhibit neuronal damage in MPTP-intoxicated mice. Thus, MOE could be used as a therapeutic agent that can protect dopaminergic neurons from PARP1-induced neuronal damage.
{"title":"Moringa oleifera Modulates MPTP-induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Parkinson’s Mouse Model: An in Silico and In Vivo Analysis","authors":"Smriti Singh, P. Keshri, Vijaya Nath Mishra, Surya Pratap Singh","doi":"10.1177/0976500x231220085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0976500x231220085","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a movement-affecting neurodegenerative condition with an unclear etiology. Recent research suggests targeting poly-(adenosine 5-diphosphate-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) as a potential therapeutic approach for PD treatment. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of an ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera leaves (MOE) on a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced Parkinsonian mouse model, with a specific focus on investigating its potential to mitigate the effects of α-synuclein toxicity, oxidative stress–induced hyper-activation of PARP1, and mitochondrial dysfunction associated with PD pathology. Additionally, this study also intends to investigate the alterations in neurobehavioral and biochemical parameters associated with PD pathology. Methods: An in silico docking study was conducted to investigate the phytochemicals found in M. oleifera (MO, drumstick plant) leaves as the potent inhibitors of PARP1. An in vivo (neurobehavioral, biochemical, and western blot) study was conducted to assess the neuroprotective effect of MOE on the MPTP-induced Parkinsonian mouse model. Results: The results of in silico study showed that the phytochemicals found in MO leaves could be a potent inhibitor of PAPR1. The in vivo study results showed that MOE significantly ameliorated MPTP-induced neurobehavioral and biochemical deficits. MPTP-induced mitochondrial enzyme-complex deficits were found to be restored in MOE-treated mice. Additionally, the result obtained in the western blot analysis showed that MOE significantly restored the levels of tyrosine hydroxylase in MPTP-intoxicated mice. MOE enhanced the expression of the anti-apoptotic factor (Bcl-2) and suppressed the expression of pro-apoptotic factors (Bax and caspase-3). Additionally, the enhanced levels of α-synuclein and PARP1 were significantly suppressed by MOE. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that MOE may possess pharmacological properties that inhibit neuronal damage in MPTP-intoxicated mice. Thus, MOE could be used as a therapeutic agent that can protect dopaminergic neurons from PARP1-induced neuronal damage.","PeriodicalId":16780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139386418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study aims to investigate the toxicity profile and neuroprotective effect of ethanol crude extract of Aristolochia bracteolata (EEAB) leaves in mice. EEAB was subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis. To determine the toxicity profile in Swiss albino mice, acute and subchronic toxicity experiments were performed according to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development criteria. A behavioral test in mice with drug-induced learning and memory impairment was performed to determine neuroprotective effects. In the study GC–MS, 19 compounds were detected. Compared to the control group, no clinical signs of toxicity were detected in the plant-treated group in both the acute and subchronic toxicity experiments at the highest dose of 2,000 mg/kg. It was calculated that the mean oral lethal dose (LD50) > was 2,000 mg/kg. Scopolamine-induced cognitive deficits in mice were greatly reduced after pretreatment with the EEAB at a dose of 100 mg/kg p.o. This was demonstrated by the reversal of the improvement in spontaneous alternation in the Y-maze task and by the significant improvement in latency in the passive avoidance task. Based on the results, EEAB might contain potent secondary metabolites that would primarily enhance the neuroprotective effects and cognitive deficits induced by cholinergic dysfunction.
{"title":"Aristolochia Bracteolata Lam’s Toxicity Profile and Neuroprotective Effects in Mice with Memory Impairment Triggered by Scopolamine","authors":"Dhivya Sundaram, Swathy Govindaswamy, Sridevi Sangeetha K. S., Palanisamy Selvamani, Subbiah Latha","doi":"10.1177/0976500x231215933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0976500x231215933","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aims to investigate the toxicity profile and neuroprotective effect of ethanol crude extract of Aristolochia bracteolata (EEAB) leaves in mice. EEAB was subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis. To determine the toxicity profile in Swiss albino mice, acute and subchronic toxicity experiments were performed according to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development criteria. A behavioral test in mice with drug-induced learning and memory impairment was performed to determine neuroprotective effects. In the study GC–MS, 19 compounds were detected. Compared to the control group, no clinical signs of toxicity were detected in the plant-treated group in both the acute and subchronic toxicity experiments at the highest dose of 2,000 mg/kg. It was calculated that the mean oral lethal dose (LD50) > was 2,000 mg/kg. Scopolamine-induced cognitive deficits in mice were greatly reduced after pretreatment with the EEAB at a dose of 100 mg/kg p.o. This was demonstrated by the reversal of the improvement in spontaneous alternation in the Y-maze task and by the significant improvement in latency in the passive avoidance task. Based on the results, EEAB might contain potent secondary metabolites that would primarily enhance the neuroprotective effects and cognitive deficits induced by cholinergic dysfunction.","PeriodicalId":16780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139154911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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