Pub Date : 2024-05-24DOI: 10.1177/0976500x241240632
Ann Lithia Thomas, Asiya Nasouha, Aswanth Anil, Dilip Chandrasekhar, Pallavi Palasseri
Palliative care is the care of patients who have progressive, life-threatening illnesses and who are facing death in the foreseeable future. Since there is a growing need for pharmacist’s intervention in palliative care and there is a gap in the education of palliative care for pharmacy students, this study aims to identify roles and services that have to be performed by palliative care pharmacists in medication-related areas and also to formulate an add-on course to train pharmacy graduates. A prospective interventional study was done in the palliative care centre in Perinthalmanna, Kerala, India. Relevant data were pooled and analysed for drug-related problems. Necessary interventions were made. Results were interpreted and an add-on course for the training of pharmacy graduates was formulated. A total of 88 patients were included in the study. The most prevalent conditions in our palliative setting were kidney disease, liver disease, cancer and stroke. Notably, 38 and 10 cases were found to have drug interactions and drug duplications, respectively. Four patients required dosage adjustments. Fifty cases involved pharmacist intervention which improved the outcome by 80%. At the end of the study, a curriculum was formulated to implement a 3-month add-on course entitled ‘PALLIATIVE PHARMACY’ under the guidance of an Expert committee for training pharmacists and pharmacy students. The study identified that there are various roles a pharmacist must undertake in a palliative setup. The involvement of pharmacists in patients’ treatment helps to prevent drug-related problems to a greater extent. The addition of an integrated course for the management of palliative care patients will help to improve the learning as well as practical skills of pharmacists. Incorporating basic and clinical sciences in the therapeutic course is an effective learning plan.
{"title":"Embodiment of Pharmacist Intervention in Palliative Care and Augmentation of a Curriculum for Its Assessment","authors":"Ann Lithia Thomas, Asiya Nasouha, Aswanth Anil, Dilip Chandrasekhar, Pallavi Palasseri","doi":"10.1177/0976500x241240632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0976500x241240632","url":null,"abstract":"Palliative care is the care of patients who have progressive, life-threatening illnesses and who are facing death in the foreseeable future. Since there is a growing need for pharmacist’s intervention in palliative care and there is a gap in the education of palliative care for pharmacy students, this study aims to identify roles and services that have to be performed by palliative care pharmacists in medication-related areas and also to formulate an add-on course to train pharmacy graduates. A prospective interventional study was done in the palliative care centre in Perinthalmanna, Kerala, India. Relevant data were pooled and analysed for drug-related problems. Necessary interventions were made. Results were interpreted and an add-on course for the training of pharmacy graduates was formulated. A total of 88 patients were included in the study. The most prevalent conditions in our palliative setting were kidney disease, liver disease, cancer and stroke. Notably, 38 and 10 cases were found to have drug interactions and drug duplications, respectively. Four patients required dosage adjustments. Fifty cases involved pharmacist intervention which improved the outcome by 80%. At the end of the study, a curriculum was formulated to implement a 3-month add-on course entitled ‘PALLIATIVE PHARMACY’ under the guidance of an Expert committee for training pharmacists and pharmacy students. The study identified that there are various roles a pharmacist must undertake in a palliative setup. The involvement of pharmacists in patients’ treatment helps to prevent drug-related problems to a greater extent. The addition of an integrated course for the management of palliative care patients will help to improve the learning as well as practical skills of pharmacists. Incorporating basic and clinical sciences in the therapeutic course is an effective learning plan.","PeriodicalId":16780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141099829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-21DOI: 10.1177/0976500x241252295
Manoj Kumar T., Preethi B., Raja Shekhar Nunavath, Krishnaveni Nagappan
The future of smart factories and pharmaceutical industries has evolved significantly since the 19th century. Computers have been used in the pharmaceutical field since the 1980s with the emergence of artificial intelligence (AI). In addition, automation and robotics are used in the pharmaceutical industry to improve the efficiency of pharmaceutical development and production. The present review article covers the future roles of AI, automation and robotics in pharmaceutical industries. The current review article employed a comprehensive search strategy across relevant databases, including PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science, utilizing keywords such as AI, Automation, Robotics and Pharmaceutical Industries. The articles considered a focus on recent advancements and emerging trends in the intersection of AI, automation and robotics within pharmaceutical sectors. AI, incorporating predictive machine learning and reasoning techniques, aids in the preclinical identification of molecules and forecasting potential lead compounds before conducting clinical trials. automation offers significant benefits in monitoring and predictive maintenance of production lines, power distribution and control machines. Robotic process automation improves efficiency by connecting computer terminals to handle various manufacturing process elements. Artificial intelligence, automation and Robotics have sparked innovations in the healthcare business, benefiting the global ecosystem and healthcare delivery. Incorporating these advanced tools in pharmaceutical industries from raw material selection to final product development could improve the quality and safety of the pharmaceutical products and reduce the time and cost.
自 19 世纪以来，智能工厂和制药业的未来已经发生了重大发展。自 20 世纪 80 年代以来，随着人工智能（AI）的出现，计算机已被用于制药领域。此外，自动化和机器人技术也被用于制药业，以提高药品研发和生产的效率。本综述文章涵盖了人工智能、自动化和机器人技术在制药行业的未来作用。本综述文章在相关数据库（包括 PubMed、Scopus 和 Web of Science）中采用了全面的搜索策略，并使用了人工智能、自动化、机器人和制药业等关键词。文章重点考虑了制药行业中人工智能、自动化和机器人技术交叉领域的最新进展和新兴趋势。人工智能结合了预测性机器学习和推理技术，有助于分子的临床前鉴定，并在进行临床试验前预测潜在的先导化合物。自动化在生产线、配电和控制机器的监控和预测性维护方面具有显著优势。机器人流程自动化通过连接计算机终端来处理各种生产流程要素，从而提高了效率。人工智能、自动化和机器人技术引发了医疗保健业务的创新，使全球生态系统和医疗保健服务受益匪浅。将这些先进工具应用于制药行业，从原材料选择到最终产品开发，可以提高制药产品的质量和安全性，并减少时间和成本。
{"title":"Future of Pharmaceutical Industry: Role of Artificial Intelligence, Automation, and Robotics","authors":"Manoj Kumar T., Preethi B., Raja Shekhar Nunavath, Krishnaveni Nagappan","doi":"10.1177/0976500x241252295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0976500x241252295","url":null,"abstract":"The future of smart factories and pharmaceutical industries has evolved significantly since the 19th century. Computers have been used in the pharmaceutical field since the 1980s with the emergence of artificial intelligence (AI). In addition, automation and robotics are used in the pharmaceutical industry to improve the efficiency of pharmaceutical development and production. The present review article covers the future roles of AI, automation and robotics in pharmaceutical industries. The current review article employed a comprehensive search strategy across relevant databases, including PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science, utilizing keywords such as AI, Automation, Robotics and Pharmaceutical Industries. The articles considered a focus on recent advancements and emerging trends in the intersection of AI, automation and robotics within pharmaceutical sectors. AI, incorporating predictive machine learning and reasoning techniques, aids in the preclinical identification of molecules and forecasting potential lead compounds before conducting clinical trials. automation offers significant benefits in monitoring and predictive maintenance of production lines, power distribution and control machines. Robotic process automation improves efficiency by connecting computer terminals to handle various manufacturing process elements. Artificial intelligence, automation and Robotics have sparked innovations in the healthcare business, benefiting the global ecosystem and healthcare delivery. Incorporating these advanced tools in pharmaceutical industries from raw material selection to final product development could improve the quality and safety of the pharmaceutical products and reduce the time and cost.","PeriodicalId":16780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141115004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-12DOI: 10.1177/0976500x241231365
Suliman Abdullah Al-Omran, Dharmashree S, A. Kv, S. Nagaraja
Background and Purpose: In alloxan-induced diabetic rats, this study sought to evaluate the hypoglycemic potential of the hydroalcoholic seed extract of Areca catechu, also referred to as areca nut, both as a stand-alone treatment and in combination with the diabetic drug gliclazide. Methods: The hot percolation method was used to produce the hydroalcoholic seed extract of A. catechu. Rats were given alloxan monohydrate and developed type II diabetes. The hydroalcoholic seed extract of A. catechu (1000 mg/kg p.o.) alone or in different combinations of gliclazide (25 mg/kg p.o.) and A. catechu extract (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg p.o.) were administered to the six diabetic rats. Body weights and blood glucose levels were measured on days 7, 14, 21, and 28 of the treatment. On the 28th day, the kidney, liver, and pancreas underwent histological investigations in addition to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Results: Blood glucose levels were significantly lowered upon administration of A. catechu’s hydroalcoholic seed extract, both alone and in conjunction with gliclazide. Comparing the diabetic control group to the A. catechu extract-treated group, histopathological examinations showed that high amounts of the extract, either by itself or in conjunction with gliclazide, caused the active proliferation of pancreatic beta cells, protecting against damage to the liver and kidneys. Conclusion: The hydroalcoholic seed extract of A. catechu showed promise as a monotherapy for controlling blood glucose levels, and as a co-administer for gliclazide, it showed signs of hypoglycemia. These results indicate A. catechu’s possible therapeutic benefit as an adjuvant diabetic treatment. To investigate the underlying mechanisms of action and evaluate its safety and effectiveness in clinical settings, more study is necessary.
{"title":"Pharmacodynamic Interaction of Areca catechu with Gliclazide in Wistar Rats","authors":"Suliman Abdullah Al-Omran, Dharmashree S, A. Kv, S. Nagaraja","doi":"10.1177/0976500x241231365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0976500x241231365","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Purpose: In alloxan-induced diabetic rats, this study sought to evaluate the hypoglycemic potential of the hydroalcoholic seed extract of Areca catechu, also referred to as areca nut, both as a stand-alone treatment and in combination with the diabetic drug gliclazide. Methods: The hot percolation method was used to produce the hydroalcoholic seed extract of A. catechu. Rats were given alloxan monohydrate and developed type II diabetes. The hydroalcoholic seed extract of A. catechu (1000 mg/kg p.o.) alone or in different combinations of gliclazide (25 mg/kg p.o.) and A. catechu extract (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg p.o.) were administered to the six diabetic rats. Body weights and blood glucose levels were measured on days 7, 14, 21, and 28 of the treatment. On the 28th day, the kidney, liver, and pancreas underwent histological investigations in addition to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Results: Blood glucose levels were significantly lowered upon administration of A. catechu’s hydroalcoholic seed extract, both alone and in conjunction with gliclazide. Comparing the diabetic control group to the A. catechu extract-treated group, histopathological examinations showed that high amounts of the extract, either by itself or in conjunction with gliclazide, caused the active proliferation of pancreatic beta cells, protecting against damage to the liver and kidneys. Conclusion: The hydroalcoholic seed extract of A. catechu showed promise as a monotherapy for controlling blood glucose levels, and as a co-administer for gliclazide, it showed signs of hypoglycemia. These results indicate A. catechu’s possible therapeutic benefit as an adjuvant diabetic treatment. To investigate the underlying mechanisms of action and evaluate its safety and effectiveness in clinical settings, more study is necessary.","PeriodicalId":16780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140709428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-12DOI: 10.1177/0976500x241237361
Ankan Naskar, Kaberi Chatterjee, Kankan Roy, Ankit Majie, Anroop B Nair, P. Shinu, M. Morsy, Neha Jain, Manisha Pandey, B. Gorain
Background: Honey has been used for centuries for its medicinal benefits, where topical treatments in the folklore literature reported its beneficial role in treating different types of wounds. Despite its immense use in wound care, honey’s exact mechanism remains unclear. Purpose: The present study aimed to explore and abridge the gap between honey and its molecular wound healing mechanism. Methods: An extensive literature study has been performed where these activities can be explained due to phenolic compounds, nitric oxide, non-peroxide factors, low pH, high osmolarity, and hydrogen peroxide in honey. Besides that, honey also contains carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, lipids, minerals, and vitamins, contributing to the wound healing potential to some extent. However, these metabolites and constituents differ among different honey varieties due to the distinct nutritional requirements of different species of bees and their collection of nectar from varied sources containing different natural actives. Results: The revival of honey-based wound care research has identified a few probable mechanistic pathways of honey primarily due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory potentials. It also promotes angiogenesis, facilitates reepithelialization, stimulates proliferation of extracellular matrix, reduces neutrophil formation, modulates production of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, and prevents secondary infection at the wound site. Conclusion: The varieties of honey vary in their qualities, phenolic compounds, and safety for human use. A few of these are currently clinically employed for wound dressings. Moreover, honey can be effective for managing complicated and chronic wounds; more extensive molecular research and safety profiling would be necessary.
{"title":"Mechanistic Roles of Different Varieties of Honey on Wound Healing: Recent Update","authors":"Ankan Naskar, Kaberi Chatterjee, Kankan Roy, Ankit Majie, Anroop B Nair, P. Shinu, M. Morsy, Neha Jain, Manisha Pandey, B. Gorain","doi":"10.1177/0976500x241237361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0976500x241237361","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Honey has been used for centuries for its medicinal benefits, where topical treatments in the folklore literature reported its beneficial role in treating different types of wounds. Despite its immense use in wound care, honey’s exact mechanism remains unclear. Purpose: The present study aimed to explore and abridge the gap between honey and its molecular wound healing mechanism. Methods: An extensive literature study has been performed where these activities can be explained due to phenolic compounds, nitric oxide, non-peroxide factors, low pH, high osmolarity, and hydrogen peroxide in honey. Besides that, honey also contains carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, lipids, minerals, and vitamins, contributing to the wound healing potential to some extent. However, these metabolites and constituents differ among different honey varieties due to the distinct nutritional requirements of different species of bees and their collection of nectar from varied sources containing different natural actives. Results: The revival of honey-based wound care research has identified a few probable mechanistic pathways of honey primarily due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory potentials. It also promotes angiogenesis, facilitates reepithelialization, stimulates proliferation of extracellular matrix, reduces neutrophil formation, modulates production of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, and prevents secondary infection at the wound site. Conclusion: The varieties of honey vary in their qualities, phenolic compounds, and safety for human use. A few of these are currently clinically employed for wound dressings. Moreover, honey can be effective for managing complicated and chronic wounds; more extensive molecular research and safety profiling would be necessary.","PeriodicalId":16780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140711008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-10DOI: 10.1177/0976500x241235721
Sharanya Sundaramoorthy, Anusha Dakshinamoorthy, Bhaskar L. V. K. S.
Background: Cladophora goensis and Cladophora glomerata has been widely identified in the Indian Oceans. Marine algae have been identified as potential pharmacological agents useful in the treatment of diabetes, hypertension, infections, and cancers. Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the phytochemicals in C. goensis and C. glomerata using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), and to study the molecular interactions with cancer-related proteins using molecular docking techniques. Materials and methods: GC-MS analysis was done using electron impact ionization at 70eV and the data was evaluated using total ion count for compound identification and quantification. AutoDock 4.0 version was used for the molecular docking analysis. Results: The methanolic extracts of algae when subjected to GC-MS analysis, 19 compounds from C. goensis and 11 phytocompounds from C. glomerata were identified. The significant molecular interactions of phytochemicals of C. goensis (6-nitro-3 H-quinazolin-4-one, Isoquinoline, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-7-methoxy-2-methyl-8-(phenyl methoxy) and 9-Decen-1-ol, pentafluropropionate) and C. glomerata (phytol, palmitic acid, and octadec-9-enoic acid) against human epidermal growth factor receptor (4WRG), poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (4UND), human estrogen receptor alpha ligand-binding domain (3ERT), human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha ligand-binding domain (3VI8), and human topoisomerase (1EJ9) have been demonstrated. Conclusion: The phytochemicals of methanolic extracts of C. goensis and C. glomerata showed potential interactions with cancer-related proteins.
背景：Cladophora goensis 和 Cladophora glomerata 已在印度洋被广泛发现。海藻已被确认为可用于治疗糖尿病、高血压、感染和癌症的潜在药剂。研究目的本研究旨在利用气相色谱-质谱法（GC-MS）评估 C. goensis 和 C. glomerata 中的植物化学物质，并利用分子对接技术研究其与癌症相关蛋白的分子相互作用。材料与方法采用 70eV 电子碰撞电离技术进行气相色谱-质谱分析，并利用总离子计数对数据进行评估，以鉴定和量化化合物。使用 AutoDock 4.0 版本进行分子对接分析。结果对藻类的甲醇提取物进行气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）分析，鉴定出 19 种来自 C. goensis 的化合物和 11 种来自 C. glomerata 的植物化合物。C. goensis（6-硝基-3 H-喹唑啉-4-酮、异喹啉、1,2,3,4-四氢-7-甲氧基-2-甲基-8-（苯基甲氧基）和 9-癸烯-1-醇、五氟丙酸酯）和 C. glomerata（植物醇）的植物化学物质之间存在明显的分子相互作用。研究表明，Cytol、棕榈酸和十八碳-9-烯酸对人类表皮生长因子受体（4WRG）、聚（ADP-核糖）聚合酶-1（4UND）、人类雌激素受体α配体结合结构域（3ERT）、人类过氧化物酶体增殖激活受体α配体结合结构域（3VI8）和人类拓扑异构酶（1EJ9）有抑制作用。结论C. goensis 和 C. glomerata 的甲醇提取物中的植物化学物质与癌症相关蛋白有潜在的相互作用。
{"title":"Phytochemical Characterization and Anticancer Screening of Cladophora goensis and Cladophora glomerata Extracts","authors":"Sharanya Sundaramoorthy, Anusha Dakshinamoorthy, Bhaskar L. V. K. S.","doi":"10.1177/0976500x241235721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0976500x241235721","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cladophora goensis and Cladophora glomerata has been widely identified in the Indian Oceans. Marine algae have been identified as potential pharmacological agents useful in the treatment of diabetes, hypertension, infections, and cancers. Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the phytochemicals in C. goensis and C. glomerata using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), and to study the molecular interactions with cancer-related proteins using molecular docking techniques. Materials and methods: GC-MS analysis was done using electron impact ionization at 70eV and the data was evaluated using total ion count for compound identification and quantification. AutoDock 4.0 version was used for the molecular docking analysis. Results: The methanolic extracts of algae when subjected to GC-MS analysis, 19 compounds from C. goensis and 11 phytocompounds from C. glomerata were identified. The significant molecular interactions of phytochemicals of C. goensis (6-nitro-3 H-quinazolin-4-one, Isoquinoline, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-7-methoxy-2-methyl-8-(phenyl methoxy) and 9-Decen-1-ol, pentafluropropionate) and C. glomerata (phytol, palmitic acid, and octadec-9-enoic acid) against human epidermal growth factor receptor (4WRG), poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (4UND), human estrogen receptor alpha ligand-binding domain (3ERT), human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha ligand-binding domain (3VI8), and human topoisomerase (1EJ9) have been demonstrated. Conclusion: The phytochemicals of methanolic extracts of C. goensis and C. glomerata showed potential interactions with cancer-related proteins.","PeriodicalId":16780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140718441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-10DOI: 10.1177/0976500x241237641
Prashant Vadnal, D. R. K. Babu, K.G.V Manikantha, Kishor Chitalkar, Ch. Sandeep Reddy, Mahalaxmi Mohan
Purpose: Forskolin is primarily found in the roots of the Coleus forskohlii plant, historically employed in Southeast Asian and Indian Ayurvedic medicine. Mast cells play a crucial role in fibrosis progression, yet their activation and inhibition in animal models are understudied; thus, we explored forskolin’s impact on kidney fibrosis. Materials and Methods: Forskolin was evaluated in a mouse model for stem cell factor-induced histamine release, and plasma histamine levels were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Kidney fibrosis was developed by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Renal function was assessed by spectrophotometric measurements of serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine. The gene expression of collagen, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and mast cell protease-5 (MCPT-5) in the kidney was analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Histopathological changes in the renal tissues were examined by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson’s trichome stain. Results: Our results showed that 3 mg/kg forskolin inhibited SCF-induced plasma histamine release in a mouse model. In the 7-day UUO model, forskolin significantly showed inhibition of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen compared with the disease group. Forskolin significantly inhibited elevated expression of collagen, TGF-β, α-SMA, IL-1β, and MCPT-5 in the kidneys. Histopathological observation of H&E and Masson trichome-stained kidney forskolin demonstrated a reduction in inflammatory cells, pelvic and tubular dilation, and fibrosis. Conclusion: Forskolin showed an anti-fibrotic effect in UUO-induced renal fibrotic mice. Most significantly, forskolin administration showed a decrease in the expression of the mast cell protease MCPT5 in the kidneys. These results imply that forskolin, through modifying SCF activity, may be a viable potential treatment for the attenuation of tubule-interstitial fibrosis.
{"title":"Modulation of Stem Cell Factor by Forskolin Inhibits the Progression of Tubule Interstitial Fibrosis","authors":"Prashant Vadnal, D. R. K. Babu, K.G.V Manikantha, Kishor Chitalkar, Ch. Sandeep Reddy, Mahalaxmi Mohan","doi":"10.1177/0976500x241237641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0976500x241237641","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Forskolin is primarily found in the roots of the Coleus forskohlii plant, historically employed in Southeast Asian and Indian Ayurvedic medicine. Mast cells play a crucial role in fibrosis progression, yet their activation and inhibition in animal models are understudied; thus, we explored forskolin’s impact on kidney fibrosis. Materials and Methods: Forskolin was evaluated in a mouse model for stem cell factor-induced histamine release, and plasma histamine levels were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Kidney fibrosis was developed by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Renal function was assessed by spectrophotometric measurements of serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine. The gene expression of collagen, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and mast cell protease-5 (MCPT-5) in the kidney was analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Histopathological changes in the renal tissues were examined by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson’s trichome stain. Results: Our results showed that 3 mg/kg forskolin inhibited SCF-induced plasma histamine release in a mouse model. In the 7-day UUO model, forskolin significantly showed inhibition of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen compared with the disease group. Forskolin significantly inhibited elevated expression of collagen, TGF-β, α-SMA, IL-1β, and MCPT-5 in the kidneys. Histopathological observation of H&E and Masson trichome-stained kidney forskolin demonstrated a reduction in inflammatory cells, pelvic and tubular dilation, and fibrosis. Conclusion: Forskolin showed an anti-fibrotic effect in UUO-induced renal fibrotic mice. Most significantly, forskolin administration showed a decrease in the expression of the mast cell protease MCPT5 in the kidneys. These results imply that forskolin, through modifying SCF activity, may be a viable potential treatment for the attenuation of tubule-interstitial fibrosis.","PeriodicalId":16780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140717648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-05DOI: 10.1177/0976500x241237849
M. S. Rangareddy, Shanti Priya P., B. Karteek, C. Swetha, B. S. Kumar, Sumaiya Waheed, Jagrati Agrawal
Background: In the modern era of dentistry, natural and herbal alternatives are favored since they are renewable, have fewer adverse effects, and are cost-effective. Purpose: To assess the effectiveness of different intracanal medications in eliminating Enterococcus faecalis. Materials and Methods: In total, 50 single-rooted extracted teeth were decoronated at the cemento-enamel junction followed by the preparation of the canal. Then, in each of the presterilized samples, inoculum containing the E. faecalis was transferred and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. Samples were allocated into 5 groups of 10 each: Group A (saline), Group B (calcium hydroxide), Group C ( Curcuma longa), Group D (honey), and Group E (nitrofurantoin group). The medicaments were injected into the canals respectively, the antibacterial assessment was done on the 1st and 7th day. Dentinal shavings are incubated and streaked on Mueller–Hinton agar plates and incubated for 24 hours at 37°C and the colony forming units (CFUs) were assessed. Results: Among all the groups, there was a significant change in the number of colonies from Day 1 to Day 7, except in Group A (saline). Comparison between the groups revealed significant differences, with better efficacy by Group D (honey) followed by Group E (nitrofurantoin) and Group C ( C. longa). The least antimicrobial efficacy was observed with calcium hydroxide and no activity with saline. Conclusion: Honey has the greatest antimicrobial efficacy among all the tested intra-canal medicament groups.
背景：在现代牙科医学中，天然药物和草药因其可再生、不良反应少、成本效益高而备受青睐。目的：评估不同的根管内药物在消除粪肠球菌方面的效果。材料和方法：共对 50 颗单根拔牙的骨水泥-釉质交界处进行装饰，然后制备牙道。然后，在每个预先消毒的样本中转移含有粪肠球菌的接种体，并在 37°C 下培养 24 小时。样本被分成 5 组，每组 10 个：A 组（生理盐水组）、B 组（氢氧化钙组）、C 组（莪术组）、D 组（蜂蜜组）和 E 组（硝基呋喃妥因组）。将药物分别注入牙槽，在第 1 天和第 7 天进行抗菌评估。在穆勒-欣顿琼脂平板上培养和条痕化牙本质屑，并在 37°C 下培养 24 小时，然后评估菌落形成单位（CFU）。结果：除 A 组（生理盐水）外，各组菌落数从第 1 天到第 7 天均有显著变化。各组之间的比较显示出明显的差异，D 组（蜂蜜）的疗效更好，其次是 E 组（硝基呋喃妥因）和 C 组（长春花）。氢氧化钙的抗菌效果最低，而生理盐水则没有活性。结论在所有测试的龋洞内药物组中，蜂蜜的抗菌效果最好。
{"title":"A Comparative Evaluation of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Various Intracanal Medicaments (Curcuma longa, Honey, Nitrofurantoin, and Calcium Hydroxide) on Enterococcus faecalis: An In Vitro Study","authors":"M. S. Rangareddy, Shanti Priya P., B. Karteek, C. Swetha, B. S. Kumar, Sumaiya Waheed, Jagrati Agrawal","doi":"10.1177/0976500x241237849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0976500x241237849","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In the modern era of dentistry, natural and herbal alternatives are favored since they are renewable, have fewer adverse effects, and are cost-effective. Purpose: To assess the effectiveness of different intracanal medications in eliminating Enterococcus faecalis. Materials and Methods: In total, 50 single-rooted extracted teeth were decoronated at the cemento-enamel junction followed by the preparation of the canal. Then, in each of the presterilized samples, inoculum containing the E. faecalis was transferred and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. Samples were allocated into 5 groups of 10 each: Group A (saline), Group B (calcium hydroxide), Group C ( Curcuma longa), Group D (honey), and Group E (nitrofurantoin group). The medicaments were injected into the canals respectively, the antibacterial assessment was done on the 1st and 7th day. Dentinal shavings are incubated and streaked on Mueller–Hinton agar plates and incubated for 24 hours at 37°C and the colony forming units (CFUs) were assessed. Results: Among all the groups, there was a significant change in the number of colonies from Day 1 to Day 7, except in Group A (saline). Comparison between the groups revealed significant differences, with better efficacy by Group D (honey) followed by Group E (nitrofurantoin) and Group C ( C. longa). The least antimicrobial efficacy was observed with calcium hydroxide and no activity with saline. Conclusion: Honey has the greatest antimicrobial efficacy among all the tested intra-canal medicament groups.","PeriodicalId":16780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140737232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.1177/0976500x241236827
A. Nishanthi, Packirisamy Agilan, M. Vimal, M. Shanthi
Aim: This study aimed to determine the patterns of physical activity (PA) and its association with gender and academic year among undergraduate medical students of a tertiary care hospital in South India. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduate medical students from August to October 2022 at a tertiary care teaching hospital in South India. PA was determined using the self-administered long form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. Results: A total of 223 students aged 18 to 25 years completed the questionnaire, with the majority being females (59.2%). Their median total PA (metabolic equivalent [MET] minutes/week) was 1320, with 2073 and 771 MET minutes/week among male and female students, respectively. Fourth-year students were the most physically active, with higher energy expenditure per week, followed by second-year, third-year, and first-year students ( p = .007). Out of the total 223 students, 141 (63.2%), 62 (27.8%), and 20 (9%) students belonged to low, moderate, and high PA levels, respectively. There was a greater proportion of students with low PA among females (70.5%) compared to male (52.7%) participants ( p < .001). Conclusion: Most undergraduate medical students had a low level of PA, especially females and students in the first academic year. To increase the PA levels among medical students, curricular reforms by incorporating sports/exercise training, and ensuring the availability of adequate facilities and trainers for sports in every college/university is warranted. Future research focusing on the exploration of barriers to PA and designing innovative strategies to promote PA among medical students is the need of the hour.
{"title":"Patterns of Physical Activity and Its Association with Gender and Academic Year Among Undergraduate Medical Students","authors":"A. Nishanthi, Packirisamy Agilan, M. Vimal, M. Shanthi","doi":"10.1177/0976500x241236827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0976500x241236827","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This study aimed to determine the patterns of physical activity (PA) and its association with gender and academic year among undergraduate medical students of a tertiary care hospital in South India. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduate medical students from August to October 2022 at a tertiary care teaching hospital in South India. PA was determined using the self-administered long form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. Results: A total of 223 students aged 18 to 25 years completed the questionnaire, with the majority being females (59.2%). Their median total PA (metabolic equivalent [MET] minutes/week) was 1320, with 2073 and 771 MET minutes/week among male and female students, respectively. Fourth-year students were the most physically active, with higher energy expenditure per week, followed by second-year, third-year, and first-year students ( p = .007). Out of the total 223 students, 141 (63.2%), 62 (27.8%), and 20 (9%) students belonged to low, moderate, and high PA levels, respectively. There was a greater proportion of students with low PA among females (70.5%) compared to male (52.7%) participants ( p < .001). Conclusion: Most undergraduate medical students had a low level of PA, especially females and students in the first academic year. To increase the PA levels among medical students, curricular reforms by incorporating sports/exercise training, and ensuring the availability of adequate facilities and trainers for sports in every college/university is warranted. Future research focusing on the exploration of barriers to PA and designing innovative strategies to promote PA among medical students is the need of the hour.","PeriodicalId":16780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140751530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-22DOI: 10.1177/0976500x241232530
Kalyani Choudhari, Shruti Oza
Background: The first-trimester ultrasound assessment of nuchal translucency (NT) thickness has lately been recommended as the most helpful sign in early screening for prenatal chromosomal disorders. Increased foetal NT thickness between 11 and 13+6 weeks of gestation is a frequent phenotypic manifestation of chromosomal abnormalities as well as a variety of foetal deformities and genetic disorders. Purpose: At the moment, clinicians conduct the measurement manually. The measurement may take a long time to complete, requires highly competent operators, and is susceptible to mistakes. So, an automatic method is required for NT measurement. Methods: This study proposes a Markov random Field-based approach for contextually segmenting the NT area from foetal pictures and offering a quick and inexpensive diagnostic even during the early stages of pregnancy. Results: Proposed method gives maximum NT thickness error 0.03 and minimum NT thickness error 0.04. Conclusion: The proposed research work developed a prototype for an automated NT thickness measuring system. This study proposes an MRF-based model for segmentation and detection of NT area from foetal pictures which gives error is less than other methods.
背景：第一胎超声评估颈部透明层（NT）厚度最近被推荐为早期筛查产前染色体疾病的最有用的体征。妊娠 11-13+6 周胎儿 NT 厚度增加是染色体异常以及各种胎儿畸形和遗传疾病的常见表型表现。目的：目前，临床医生都是手动进行测量。这种测量可能需要很长时间才能完成，要求操作人员具有很高的能力，而且容易出错。因此，需要一种自动方法来进行 NT 测量。方法：本研究提出了一种基于马尔可夫随机场的方法，可从胎儿图片中根据上下文分割 NT 区域，即使在怀孕早期也能提供快速、廉价的诊断。结果建议方法的最大 NT 厚度误差为 0.03，最小 NT 厚度误差为 0.04。结论所提议的研究工作为自动 NT 厚度测量系统开发了一个原型。本研究提出了一种基于 MRF 的模型，用于从胎儿照片中分割和检测 NT 区域，其误差小于其他方法。
{"title":"Measurement of Nuchal Translucency Thickness \u2028in First Trimester Ultrasound Foetal Images \u2028Using Markov Random Field","authors":"Kalyani Choudhari, Shruti Oza","doi":"10.1177/0976500x241232530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0976500x241232530","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The first-trimester ultrasound assessment of nuchal translucency (NT) thickness has lately been recommended as the most helpful sign in early screening for prenatal chromosomal disorders. Increased foetal NT thickness between 11 and 13+6 weeks of gestation is a frequent phenotypic manifestation of chromosomal abnormalities as well as a variety of foetal deformities and genetic disorders. Purpose: At the moment, clinicians conduct the measurement manually. The measurement may take a long time to complete, requires highly competent operators, and is susceptible to mistakes. So, an automatic method is required for NT measurement. Methods: This study proposes a Markov random Field-based approach for contextually segmenting the NT area from foetal pictures and offering a quick and inexpensive diagnostic even during the early stages of pregnancy. Results: Proposed method gives maximum NT thickness error 0.03 and minimum NT thickness error 0.04. Conclusion: The proposed research work developed a prototype for an automated NT thickness measuring system. This study proposes an MRF-based model for segmentation and detection of NT area from foetal pictures which gives error is less than other methods.","PeriodicalId":16780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140214578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-11DOI: 10.1177/0976500x241229835
Alexander Victor Anand David, Subramani Parasuramani, Evelyn Jerusha Edward
Sleep is a crucial physiological process that plays an indispensable role in sustaining overall health and well-being. It is well known that various factors affect the multifaceted dimensions of sleep, from its underlying mechanisms or comorbidity to its profound impact on physical and mental health. Sleep disorders are very common, frequently underdiagnosed, and often overlooked. They are also linked to a wide range of illnesses and may significantly reduce the quality of life. There is strong evidence that chronic diseases are more likely to develop due to the adverse consequences of sleep deprivation, which include cognitive decline, emotional and mental health problems, as well as cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and metabolic health issues. Insufficiency of sleep and sleep disorders are common augurs of child/adolescent mental diseases, such as anxiety and depression, including suicidal thoughts. Additionally, we discuss a few sleep disorders, focusing on their effects, for instance, insomnia, sleep apnea, and restless leg syndrome. Antioxidants are molecules that can benefit the body by combating detrimental free radicals, which have been associated with health ailments such as diabetes and cancer. These are groups of compounds that counterbalance free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cell, and over the many clinical trials, they have been scientifically fascinating compounds due to their numerous advantages. As the relationship between sleep and health continues to evolve, this review highlights the intricate significance of antioxidants and their benefits for improving sleep quality and managing sleep deprivation. In addition to that, antioxidants are well known to defend the human body from oxidative stress and inflammation, which can disrupt sleep patterns, leading to various health ailments.
{"title":"Role of Antioxidants in Sleep Disorders: \u2028A Review","authors":"Alexander Victor Anand David, Subramani Parasuramani, Evelyn Jerusha Edward","doi":"10.1177/0976500x241229835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0976500x241229835","url":null,"abstract":"Sleep is a crucial physiological process that plays an indispensable role in sustaining overall health and well-being. It is well known that various factors affect the multifaceted dimensions of sleep, from its underlying mechanisms or comorbidity to its profound impact on physical and mental health. Sleep disorders are very common, frequently underdiagnosed, and often overlooked. They are also linked to a wide range of illnesses and may significantly reduce the quality of life. There is strong evidence that chronic diseases are more likely to develop due to the adverse consequences of sleep deprivation, which include cognitive decline, emotional and mental health problems, as well as cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and metabolic health issues. Insufficiency of sleep and sleep disorders are common augurs of child/adolescent mental diseases, such as anxiety and depression, including suicidal thoughts. Additionally, we discuss a few sleep disorders, focusing on their effects, for instance, insomnia, sleep apnea, and restless leg syndrome. Antioxidants are molecules that can benefit the body by combating detrimental free radicals, which have been associated with health ailments such as diabetes and cancer. These are groups of compounds that counterbalance free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cell, and over the many clinical trials, they have been scientifically fascinating compounds due to their numerous advantages. As the relationship between sleep and health continues to evolve, this review highlights the intricate significance of antioxidants and their benefits for improving sleep quality and managing sleep deprivation. In addition to that, antioxidants are well known to defend the human body from oxidative stress and inflammation, which can disrupt sleep patterns, leading to various health ailments.","PeriodicalId":16780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140251743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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