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2013 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)最新文献

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Family Information Sharing System based on a judgment of emergency 基于突发事件判断的家庭信息共享系统
Pub Date : 2013-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2013.6713675
Yuka Hasegawa, M. Oguchi
It might be greatly helpful if you can share life logs between family members when a disaster occurs. However, it would be a serious problem if the users can see the personal information all the time without the permission of the person himself. In this paper, we propose the access control method that changes the access privilege depends on the real world situation. In the proposed method, external and internal information is used to judge whether the given situation is emergent or not. We developed a Family Information Sharing System (FISS) as an example using that access control method.
当灾难发生时,如果你能在家庭成员之间分享生活日志,这可能会大有帮助。然而,如果用户可以在未经本人允许的情况下一直看到个人信息,这将是一个严重的问题。本文提出了一种根据实际情况改变访问权限的访问控制方法。在该方法中,利用外部和内部信息来判断给定情况是否紧急。我们开发了一个家庭信息共享系统(FISS)作为使用这种访问控制方法的例子。
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引用次数: 0
Remote health monitoring through an integration of wireless sensor networks, mobile phones & Cloud Computing technologies 通过集成无线传感器网络、移动电话和云计算技术进行远程健康监测
Pub Date : 2013-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2013.6713719
Sajjad Hussain Shah, Assad Iqbal, Syed Kashan Ali Shah
Wireless sensor networks have several applications of direct and indirect benefit to humanity. These applications can be further enhanced by integrating local wireless sensor networks, internet and cloud technology for storing sensors' data. Our proposed application is based on the same concept. The existing processes of collection and analysis of patients' information requires a lot of effort and additionally they are prone to errors and unnecessary delays in real time information accessibility. These issues limit monitoring and diagnostic capabilities to clinics and hospital only. Wireless sensors provide the capability of information exchange among interconnected on-hand health monitoring equipments. The introduction of this concept is based on wireless sensor networks and utility computing. The information can be stored on “cloud” which will be accessible to medical staff. The proof-of-concept aim is to integrate commodity computing to predecessor medical devices, which should ensure simple integration and cost effectiveness into introduction of a system for health monitoring in remote areas for the best benefit of humanity.
无线传感器网络的应用对人类有着直接和间接的好处。通过集成本地无线传感器网络、互联网和云技术来存储传感器数据,这些应用可以进一步增强。我们提出的应用程序基于相同的概念。现有的患者信息收集和分析过程需要大量的工作,并且在实时信息访问中容易出现错误和不必要的延迟。这些问题限制了只有诊所和医院才能进行监测和诊断。无线传感器提供了在相互连接的实时健康监测设备之间进行信息交换的能力。这一概念的引入是基于无线传感器网络和效用计算。这些信息可以存储在“云”上,医务人员可以访问。概念验证的目的是将商品计算集成到以前的医疗设备中,这将确保在引入偏远地区健康监测系统时的简单集成和成本效益,从而最大限度地造福人类。
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引用次数: 24
Motivating interest in electrical engineering through altruism at the middle school level 在中学阶段通过利他主义激发对电气工程的兴趣
Pub Date : 2013-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2013.6713664
Thomas G. McKay, Tara McKay, J. Chatwin, Carter Milhous
Motivating a child's interest in electrical engineering is challenging because the flow of electrical charge in most circuits is invisible and silent. In our approach we motivate learning through creation of reliable, robust, state-of-the-art solar rechargeable reading lights for delivery to younger children in the developing world through existing research and philanthropy networks. To engage students, we focus on the conservation of energy principle and concepts of voltage-charge-energy, facilitating high-level theory-of-operation comprehension while limiting new terminology needed. Based on student feedback in a pilot project, the altruistic aspect of our “Learn-Build-Test-Share” approach significantly motivated enrollment, with girls comprising 47% of the participants.
激发孩子对电气工程的兴趣是具有挑战性的,因为大多数电路中的电荷流动是看不见的和无声的。在我们的方法中,我们通过创造可靠,坚固,最先进的太阳能可充电阅读灯来激励学习,并通过现有的研究和慈善网络提供给发展中国家的年幼儿童。为了吸引学生,我们专注于能量守恒原理和电压-电荷-能量的概念,促进高层次的操作理论理解,同时限制新术语的需要。根据一个试点项目的学生反馈,我们的“学习-构建-测试-分享”方法的无私方面显著促进了入学率,女生占参与者的47%。
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引用次数: 1
GreenEduComp: Low cost green computing system for education in Rural India: A scheme for sustainable development through education GreenEduComp:印度农村教育的低成本绿色计算机系统:通过教育实现可持续发展的计划
Pub Date : 2013-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2013.6713663
M. Srinivasan, B. Anand, A. Venus, Arun Noel Victor, M. Narayanan, S. P. S. Rakshaa, Vineeth Vijayaraghavan
In this paper, we present an inoculated combination of technologies to facilitate and advocate education in Rural India. A combination of open-sourced Arduino, single board-processors like Raspberry Pi are used to develop infrastructure to empower education in remote and rural parts of India. Being a self-contained system, the dependencies on external factors is reduced as it might not be possible to operate regular computers without grid-connected supply. The whole system is powered using renewable energy (RE) source viz., Solar PV. This implies that the system is an independent green computing device. Further, this enables commerce while augmenting education facilities for the underserved population residing in remote and rural areas where energy is still a challenge today. The Ardunio is used to perform various systemic operations like motioning the load, calculating the ambient light etc. The Raspberry Pi is the core processor unit of the system which typically acts like a computer that runs on a Linux-based Kernel Operating System (OS). The System-on-Chip (SoC) is then connected to a HDMI display periphery hub which switched between multiple displays. The supply to all of this sub-system is powered by a Solar PV. A charge control is implemented to overlook the charging process of the storage battery.
在本文中,我们提出了一种接种技术组合来促进和倡导印度农村的教育。开源Arduino和单板处理器(如树莓派)的组合用于开发基础设施,以增强印度偏远农村地区的教育能力。作为一个独立的系统,减少了对外部因素的依赖,因为如果没有并网供电,普通计算机可能无法运行。整个系统采用可再生能源,即太阳能光伏发电。这意味着该系统是一个独立的绿色计算设备。此外,这在促进商业的同时,还为居住在能源仍然面临挑战的偏远和农村地区服务不足的人口增加了教育设施。Ardunio用于执行各种系统操作,如移动负载,计算环境光等。树莓派是系统的核心处理器单元,它通常像一台运行在基于linux的内核操作系统(OS)上的计算机。然后将片上系统(SoC)连接到HDMI显示外围集线器,该集线器在多个显示器之间切换。所有这些子系统的供电都由太阳能光伏供电。通过充电控制,对蓄电池的充电过程进行监控。
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引用次数: 16
On the performance of GRASP and dynamic programming for the blood assignment problem 血液分配问题的GRASP与动态规划的性能研究
Pub Date : 2013-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2013.6713684
Kevin Igwe, M. Olusanya, A. Adewumi
Blood is very precious and vital in medicine; blood transfusion occurs every day during surgery or for other reasons. However, the continuous daily demands for blood transfusion in the hospitals have exerted more pressure on blood banks. For this reason the assignment of blood at blood transfusion centers requires optimization techniques in order to have efficient allocation as to reduce wastage and meet all the demands of the patient. The constraints of acquiring blood (cost), the blood grouping into types (Rhesus factors) and the limited shelf life of blood have pose a big challenge to blood transfusion centers. This paper models blood assignment problem in form of multiple knapsack problem and implement two local search optimization techniques, dynamic programming and GRASP, that use the model to facilitate efficient assignment of red blood units from available blood types to different request for blood of different types. Therefore, the result shows that GRASP handles data more efficiently over dynamic programming.
血液在医学上是非常宝贵和重要的;在手术期间或其他原因,每天都要输血。然而,医院每天持续不断的输血需求给血库带来了更大的压力。因此,输血中心的血液分配需要优化技术,以便有效分配,减少浪费,满足患者的所有需求。获取血液的限制(成本)、血型的限制(恒河因子)和血液的有限保质期给输血中心带来了很大的挑战。本文以多背包问题的形式对血液分配问题进行建模,并实现动态规划和GRASP两种局部搜索优化技术,利用该模型将可用血型中的红血量有效分配给不同血型的不同血液需求。因此,结果表明,与动态规划相比,GRASP更有效地处理数据。
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引用次数: 10
Simple algorithm for chlorine concentration control 氯浓度控制的简单算法
Pub Date : 2013-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2013.6713687
David A. Peter
Sanitizing water via chlorination in remote areas is vital for individual and community health. Systems with no controls rely on frequent testing, and highly automated systems are expensive and require technical support. There is a need for a simple control with a minimum of sensors along with a simple algorithm to control these chlorination processes. An algorithm is presented that only requires sensing current and also minimizes the amount of chlorine testing.
在偏远地区通过氯化消毒水对个人和社区卫生至关重要。没有控制的系统依赖于频繁的测试,高度自动化的系统是昂贵的,需要技术支持。有一个简单的控制需要最少的传感器和一个简单的算法来控制这些氯化过程。提出了一种只需要感应电流就能最大限度地减少氯检测量的算法。
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引用次数: 1
Powering & watering agriculture: Application of energy-water nexus planning 农业动力与灌溉:能源-水联系规划的应用
Pub Date : 2013-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2013.6713689
A. Farid, W. Lubega
This paper seeks to motivate an innovative approach to support new and sustainable solutions for increasing agricultural productivity in developing nations. Specifically, it holistically tackles the energy-water nexus as an engineering system and proposed the development of an integrated planning framework which stakeholders in developing countries can use to make decisions that support agricultural capacity. Thus far, the literature has focused on (i) discussions of various policy options (ii) technical surveys of energy and water intensities. In contrast, this paper presents a meta-architecture of the energy-water nexus in the electricity supply, engineered water supply and wastewater management systems developed using the Systems Modeling Language (SysML). Its quantization is then applied on a conceptual example inspired by the Egyptian geography. The paper concludes with useful measures that can be directly incorporated into agricultural capacity planning. In so doing, the paper begins efforts for coordinated control, operation and planning to overcome this large-scale, multidisciplinary problem made up of technical, economic, and social dimensions.
本文旨在激发一种创新方法,以支持提高发展中国家农业生产力的新的和可持续的解决方案。具体地说,它将能源-水关系作为一个工程系统进行整体处理,并建议开发一个综合规划框架,发展中国家的利益相关者可以利用该框架做出支持农业能力的决策。迄今为止,文献集中于(i)讨论各种政策选择(ii)能源和水强度的技术调查。相比之下,本文提出了一个使用系统建模语言(SysML)开发的电力供应、工程供水和废水管理系统中能源-水关系的元架构。然后将其量化应用于受埃及地理启发的概念示例。本文最后提出了可直接纳入农业能力规划的有效措施。在此过程中,本文开始了协调控制、操作和计划的努力,以克服这一由技术、经济和社会层面组成的大规模、多学科问题。
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引用次数: 13
Cognitive/AI peacekeeping decision support models 认知/人工智能维和决策支持模型
Pub Date : 2013-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2013.6713667
Daniel J. Olsher
Artificial Intelligence can contribute to the practice of peace. By helping us clarify and simulate others' cultures and worldviews during peacekeeping missions, INTELNET/COGVIEW AI can help commanders and planners make emotionally-, psychologically- and culturally-aware decisions (with sensitivity to Rules of Engagement) appropriate for the environments they operate in. Drawing on nuanced culture and local conflict resolution models, proposed courses of action may be simulated, assisting intervenors in making highly legitimate, perceptive decisions that maximize mission success. A large commonsense knowledge base (INTELNET//SCS), natural language user interface, and easy-to-build cultural models are employed to reduce user effort and make the system as self-contained as possible.
人工智能可以促进和平的实践。通过帮助我们在维和任务期间澄清和模拟他人的文化和世界观,INTELNET/COGVIEW人工智能可以帮助指挥官和规划者做出适合他们所处环境的情感、心理和文化意识决策(对交战规则敏感)。利用细微差别的文化和当地冲突解决模式,可以模拟拟议的行动方案,帮助干预者做出高度合法、有洞察力的决定,最大限度地提高任务的成功。使用大型常识知识库(INTELNET//SCS)、自然语言用户界面和易于构建的文化模型来减少用户的工作量并使系统尽可能地独立。
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引用次数: 1
The economic challenge of rural electrification: Community solutions initiative in Africa 农村电气化的经济挑战:非洲社区解决方案倡议
Pub Date : 2013-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2013.6713672
S. Myers
While many projects address technological innovations in addressing the situation of energy poverty, which has nearly 1.5 billion people with no access to the electric grid, addressing the scale necessary to achieve universal electricity access by the UN targeted date of 2030 remains a significant and often unexamined challenge. A review of the scope of the challenge, as well as major initiatives such as those arising from the UN's declaration of 2012 as the “Year of Sustainable Energy for All,” or the 2013, US led “Power Africa” are systematically presented. Comparisons between more developed efforts in Asia, which have already achieved significant scale, with those just beginning in Africa are examined, as Sub Saharan Africa is shown to be the most challenging obstacle to reaching universal electrification. Particular relevance is thus made for the sustainable business model and expected scope of the IEEE Community Solutions Initiative particularly in Africa.
尽管有许多项目致力于通过技术创新来解决能源贫困问题(目前有近15亿人无法接入电网),但在联合国2030年目标日期之前实现普遍供电所需的规模仍然是一项重大且往往未经审查的挑战。对挑战范围的回顾,以及主要的倡议,如联合国宣布2012年为“人人享有可持续能源年”,或2013年美国领导的“电力非洲”。由于撒哈拉以南非洲被证明是实现普遍电气化的最具挑战性的障碍,研究人员对亚洲较发达国家已经取得相当规模的努力与非洲刚刚开始的努力进行了比较。因此,与可持续商业模式和IEEE社区解决方案倡议的预期范围特别相关,特别是在非洲。
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引用次数: 4
Gutter design and selection for roof rainwater catchment systems 屋面雨水集水槽的设计与选择
Pub Date : 2013-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2013.6713685
Jillian Zankowski, Yixin Sun, Chi-sing. Poon, Emily Passauer, A. Nassar, Khanjan Mehta
Water, while being critical for the survival of all of humanity, is not readily available to everyone. Within much of the developing world, water delivery systems are sub-par, leaving many homes without accessible and sustainable water resources. To address this issue, the use of rainwater harvesting systems is common. However, many extant systems are flawed in design, efficiency or sustainability. This paper investigates the impact of gutter cross-section on the performance and efficiency of rain water harvesting from roof catchments. Multiple gutter systems, with varying cross-sectional profiles, including a novel wrap-gutter design, were built and tested experimentally using a rainwater simulator. Experimental data, together with theoretical analyses, were used to rate gutter performance in terms of water lost though overflow, rate of water drainage, amount of standing water remaining in the gutter, amount of water loss via overshoot and the total amount of rain caught by the gutters. It was found that a wrap design, not normally highlighted in the literature, had the most consistent performance, regardless of rainfall intensity. Analyses regarding context-appropriate designs along with broader economic impacts of RWH systems are discussed.
水虽然对全人类的生存至关重要,但并不是每个人都能轻易获得。在许多发展中国家,供水系统低于标准,使许多家庭无法获得可持续的水资源。为了解决这个问题,雨水收集系统的使用是常见的。然而,许多现存的系统在设计、效率或可持续性方面存在缺陷。本文研究了天沟横截面对屋顶集水区雨水收集性能和效率的影响。多个水槽系统,具有不同的横截面,包括一个新颖的包裹式水槽设计,建造和实验测试使用雨水模拟器。通过实验数据和理论分析,对排水沟的性能进行了评估,包括溢流损失的水、排水速率、排水沟中剩余的积水量、溢流损失的水以及排水沟吸收的雨水总量。研究发现,无论降雨强度如何,通常在文献中没有强调的包裹设计都具有最一致的性能。本文还讨论了与环境相适应的设计以及RWH系统更广泛的经济影响。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
2013 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)
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