Pub Date : 2013-10-01DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2013.6713713
Alex Shovlin, Mike Ghen, Peter Simpson, Khanjan Mehta
Mobile phones, especially with connectivity provided by rapidly expanding 3G networks, can be transformative in the quest for accurate and reliable health data in developing countries. Consequently, a plethora of efforts in the Information and Communication Technologies for Development (ICTD) field are focused on collecting, aggregating and digitizing community health information with the ultimate goal of strengthening resource-constrained health care systems. Such ventures often work in conjunction with Community Health Worker (CHW) programs to address the last-mile challenge of reaching rural communities. While leading such ventures in East Africa and South East Asia over the last six years, we have learned the importance of understanding and addressing a wide set of interrelated contextual, communication, business, and technological challenges to data collection. Drawing from these real-world experiences, this article presents the spectrum of challenges that entrepreneurs need to tackle for their data-driven health care ventures to be successful. An example-centric approach is employed with several examples drawn from the Mashavu Telemedicine System in Kenya. Mashavu regressed technologically from one pilot to the next, culminating in a health care delivery venture that is economically sustainable but uses almost no technology and does not collect any data.
{"title":"Challenges facing medical data digitization in low-resource contexts","authors":"Alex Shovlin, Mike Ghen, Peter Simpson, Khanjan Mehta","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2013.6713713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2013.6713713","url":null,"abstract":"Mobile phones, especially with connectivity provided by rapidly expanding 3G networks, can be transformative in the quest for accurate and reliable health data in developing countries. Consequently, a plethora of efforts in the Information and Communication Technologies for Development (ICTD) field are focused on collecting, aggregating and digitizing community health information with the ultimate goal of strengthening resource-constrained health care systems. Such ventures often work in conjunction with Community Health Worker (CHW) programs to address the last-mile challenge of reaching rural communities. While leading such ventures in East Africa and South East Asia over the last six years, we have learned the importance of understanding and addressing a wide set of interrelated contextual, communication, business, and technological challenges to data collection. Drawing from these real-world experiences, this article presents the spectrum of challenges that entrepreneurs need to tackle for their data-driven health care ventures to be successful. An example-centric approach is employed with several examples drawn from the Mashavu Telemedicine System in Kenya. Mashavu regressed technologically from one pilot to the next, culminating in a health care delivery venture that is economically sustainable but uses almost no technology and does not collect any data.","PeriodicalId":168082,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117303731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-01DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2013.6713673
Mou Riiny, Ronald Moulton
Electricity is a rare commodity in the two year old independent country of South Sudan, in fact, less than one percent of the population have access. The use of diesel generators is the norm in urban areas, whereas the rural areas are virtually absent of electricity outside of flashlights, candles, and lamps. Without electricity, rural residents endure personal hardships that are hard to imagine in societies that take reliable and affordable electricity for granted. In South Sudan when it gets dark, students cannot study, shops must close, and essential tasks like cooking must be performed in the dark. Village Help for South Sudan seeks to contribute to the development and advancement of South Sudan by supporting the delivery of electricity to rural off-grid households with no current access to electricity.
{"title":"South Sudan rural electrification project","authors":"Mou Riiny, Ronald Moulton","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2013.6713673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2013.6713673","url":null,"abstract":"Electricity is a rare commodity in the two year old independent country of South Sudan, in fact, less than one percent of the population have access. The use of diesel generators is the norm in urban areas, whereas the rural areas are virtually absent of electricity outside of flashlights, candles, and lamps. Without electricity, rural residents endure personal hardships that are hard to imagine in societies that take reliable and affordable electricity for granted. In South Sudan when it gets dark, students cannot study, shops must close, and essential tasks like cooking must be performed in the dark. Village Help for South Sudan seeks to contribute to the development and advancement of South Sudan by supporting the delivery of electricity to rural off-grid households with no current access to electricity.","PeriodicalId":168082,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"223 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122908471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-01DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2013.6713660
Ifeanyi B. Orajaka
As a result of the ironic pressing energy insufficiency challenges in the Nigerian power sector and the looming effects of global climate change, the need arises for engineers to design and implement reliable renewable energy systems to mitigate the duo. This paper proffers the Green Village Electricity Project as a suitable model for providing off-grid solar electricity to remote settlements in Nigeria while mitigating climate change on a Micro scale. The paper also highlights possible challenges, implementation barriers and operational lessons learnt in embarking on humanitarian energy projects in developing countries of the world. Most importantly, the paper presents a bottom - up scenario of the actual needs/ expectations of the Bottom of the Pyramid inhabitants of rural West Africa towards ensuring the implementation of acceptable and sustainable energy development projects in the region using the Niger-Delta Nigeria as a case study.
{"title":"Unified green village electricity project concept: A suitable model for reliable renewable energy deployment in Nigeria","authors":"Ifeanyi B. Orajaka","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2013.6713660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2013.6713660","url":null,"abstract":"As a result of the ironic pressing energy insufficiency challenges in the Nigerian power sector and the looming effects of global climate change, the need arises for engineers to design and implement reliable renewable energy systems to mitigate the duo. This paper proffers the Green Village Electricity Project as a suitable model for providing off-grid solar electricity to remote settlements in Nigeria while mitigating climate change on a Micro scale. The paper also highlights possible challenges, implementation barriers and operational lessons learnt in embarking on humanitarian energy projects in developing countries of the world. Most importantly, the paper presents a bottom - up scenario of the actual needs/ expectations of the Bottom of the Pyramid inhabitants of rural West Africa towards ensuring the implementation of acceptable and sustainable energy development projects in the region using the Niger-Delta Nigeria as a case study.","PeriodicalId":168082,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125334662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-01DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2013.6713686
B. K. Poudyal, Pratikshya Poudel
Jeevatu is the mixed culture of beneficial microbes, found in natural conditions in Nepal, which is developed by the Nepalese Farming Institute (NFI), an NGO working in Kathmandu, Nepal. Worldwide, several works have been done to control plant diseases, especially nematodes of tomatoes and rhizome rot of ginger effectively, however; no single chemical and practice was found effective to control them. The literature review and experiments revealed that, it is considered almost impossible to control root knot nematode and rhizome rot properly by any means in developing countries. There has been a challenge to find out the best alternative to control root knot nematode and rhizome rot in a sustainable, eco-friendly and a cost effective ways. The use of Jeevatu based organic liquid manure has managed root-knot nematode of tomatoes and rhizome rot of ginger, along with plant growth and development. Jeevatu based organic liquid manure has been found that increases soil organic matter, thus sequestering carbon dioxide, mitigating the adverse effect of global warming. Likewise, the biodegradable waste emits foul odor during collection, loading, transportation and composting. The result of several experiments shows that the application of 0.75 % Jeevatu on wastewater completely controlled the foul odor and 15 % Jeevatu on unsegregated waste completely stopped the foul odor whose D/T value was found 0 (P=0000) 15 minutes later in both of the cases. Moreover, spraying 5 % Jeevatu solution on biodegradable segregated solid waste produced high quality compost within 2 months. Similarly, only 50 % Jeevatu solution of the total biomass of rotten fish has been found effective to control the foul odor of rotten fish. By analyzing several experiment results and literature review, Jeevatu has been found to be one of the best bio-agents for sustainable agriculture, plant disease control, value added compost production, and city waste management.
{"title":"Beneficial microbes “Jeevatu” for biodegradable waste management and plant disease control","authors":"B. K. Poudyal, Pratikshya Poudel","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2013.6713686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2013.6713686","url":null,"abstract":"Jeevatu is the mixed culture of beneficial microbes, found in natural conditions in Nepal, which is developed by the Nepalese Farming Institute (NFI), an NGO working in Kathmandu, Nepal. Worldwide, several works have been done to control plant diseases, especially nematodes of tomatoes and rhizome rot of ginger effectively, however; no single chemical and practice was found effective to control them. The literature review and experiments revealed that, it is considered almost impossible to control root knot nematode and rhizome rot properly by any means in developing countries. There has been a challenge to find out the best alternative to control root knot nematode and rhizome rot in a sustainable, eco-friendly and a cost effective ways. The use of Jeevatu based organic liquid manure has managed root-knot nematode of tomatoes and rhizome rot of ginger, along with plant growth and development. Jeevatu based organic liquid manure has been found that increases soil organic matter, thus sequestering carbon dioxide, mitigating the adverse effect of global warming. Likewise, the biodegradable waste emits foul odor during collection, loading, transportation and composting. The result of several experiments shows that the application of 0.75 % Jeevatu on wastewater completely controlled the foul odor and 15 % Jeevatu on unsegregated waste completely stopped the foul odor whose D/T value was found 0 (P=0000) 15 minutes later in both of the cases. Moreover, spraying 5 % Jeevatu solution on biodegradable segregated solid waste produced high quality compost within 2 months. Similarly, only 50 % Jeevatu solution of the total biomass of rotten fish has been found effective to control the foul odor of rotten fish. By analyzing several experiment results and literature review, Jeevatu has been found to be one of the best bio-agents for sustainable agriculture, plant disease control, value added compost production, and city waste management.","PeriodicalId":168082,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126776982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-01DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2013.6713654
A. Rocha, V. Agrawal
Increasing oil prices, pollution levels and global warming, call for alternative solutions for meeting the ever increasing energy needs. In this context engineering curricula should be tailored to meet the challenging energy needs of the future. This paper explores how technical education programmes with specialization in renewable energy could be a viable alternative. Paper discusses need for technical programmes in renewable energy from an international point of view as well as industry point of view given that India is making fast progress in wind energy and Jatropha Biofuel.
{"title":"Developing engineering programmes specialising in renewable energy for environmental sustainability","authors":"A. Rocha, V. Agrawal","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2013.6713654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2013.6713654","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing oil prices, pollution levels and global warming, call for alternative solutions for meeting the ever increasing energy needs. In this context engineering curricula should be tailored to meet the challenging energy needs of the future. This paper explores how technical education programmes with specialization in renewable energy could be a viable alternative. Paper discusses need for technical programmes in renewable energy from an international point of view as well as industry point of view given that India is making fast progress in wind energy and Jatropha Biofuel.","PeriodicalId":168082,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127999749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-01DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2013.6713662
Jonathan Fürst, Nik Gawinowski, S. Büttrich, Philippe Bonnet
Access to modern energy services should be universally available by 2030. This is a goal of the United Nations. A promising approach to deliver on this commitment is based on microgrids that coordinate power generation, storage and usage in a local community. Microgrids constitute an attractive option in the presence of abundant renewable energy sources, and in the absence of robust transnational power grid infrastructure. An important problem is then to design cheap, resilient and configurable microgrids that can be assembled from off-the-shelf components and managed by non specialists. In this paper, we introduce COSMGrid, a microgrid platform based on commodity hardware and open source, open protocol software. The design of COSMGrid relies on a network of microcontrollers that monitor and control stand-alone power generation and storage nodes. As a result, COSMGrid can readily integrate existing stand-alone photovoltaic installations. COSMGrid can be configured based on the characteristics of the power electronics hardware that is available, or based on the power sharing policies agreed upon by a community of end-users. It is an important step towards a popular, open microgrid solution that can be appropriated by local communities in developing regions.
{"title":"COSMGrid: Configurable, off-the-shelf micro grid","authors":"Jonathan Fürst, Nik Gawinowski, S. Büttrich, Philippe Bonnet","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2013.6713662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2013.6713662","url":null,"abstract":"Access to modern energy services should be universally available by 2030. This is a goal of the United Nations. A promising approach to deliver on this commitment is based on microgrids that coordinate power generation, storage and usage in a local community. Microgrids constitute an attractive option in the presence of abundant renewable energy sources, and in the absence of robust transnational power grid infrastructure. An important problem is then to design cheap, resilient and configurable microgrids that can be assembled from off-the-shelf components and managed by non specialists. In this paper, we introduce COSMGrid, a microgrid platform based on commodity hardware and open source, open protocol software. The design of COSMGrid relies on a network of microcontrollers that monitor and control stand-alone power generation and storage nodes. As a result, COSMGrid can readily integrate existing stand-alone photovoltaic installations. COSMGrid can be configured based on the characteristics of the power electronics hardware that is available, or based on the power sharing policies agreed upon by a community of end-users. It is an important step towards a popular, open microgrid solution that can be appropriated by local communities in developing regions.","PeriodicalId":168082,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128766775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-01DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2013.6713669
Darick W. LaSelle
In solar energy generation, most tracking systems are developed for photovoltaic (PV) systems. These controls are built for installations that are typically heavy, require a lot of power, and don't require close tolerances on the algorithm. However, due to the high correlation of direct solar incidence, solar thermal applications require much stricter tolerances, but can be built with much lower power requirements due to the significantly reduced weight. The proposed system will use an Arduino style microcontroller for a dual axis tracking system. One axis will be an axial “turntable” controlled with a single pneumatic cylinder. The second axis will be angular, and will be controlled with two pneumatic cylinders. The voltage required for this system is 12 VDC, which will allow for flexible energy storage options. The use of a USB enables Arduino will allow an end user to utilize a laptop to run diagnostics when installing the full system to enable optimization of the power generated. Once the system is optimized, it will be able to run without the interface to reduce the power requirement of the control system. This paper will show that the proposed system is energy efficient and cost effective with the ability to integrate with local resources. This system, when combined with a lightweight solar thermal generator, will be an ideal daytime generator for remote installations, especially in those areas with little or no access to traditional grid power.
{"title":"A low power control system optimized for solar thermal power generation","authors":"Darick W. LaSelle","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2013.6713669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2013.6713669","url":null,"abstract":"In solar energy generation, most tracking systems are developed for photovoltaic (PV) systems. These controls are built for installations that are typically heavy, require a lot of power, and don't require close tolerances on the algorithm. However, due to the high correlation of direct solar incidence, solar thermal applications require much stricter tolerances, but can be built with much lower power requirements due to the significantly reduced weight. The proposed system will use an Arduino style microcontroller for a dual axis tracking system. One axis will be an axial “turntable” controlled with a single pneumatic cylinder. The second axis will be angular, and will be controlled with two pneumatic cylinders. The voltage required for this system is 12 VDC, which will allow for flexible energy storage options. The use of a USB enables Arduino will allow an end user to utilize a laptop to run diagnostics when installing the full system to enable optimization of the power generated. Once the system is optimized, it will be able to run without the interface to reduce the power requirement of the control system. This paper will show that the proposed system is energy efficient and cost effective with the ability to integrate with local resources. This system, when combined with a lightweight solar thermal generator, will be an ideal daytime generator for remote installations, especially in those areas with little or no access to traditional grid power.","PeriodicalId":168082,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131074567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-01DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2013.6713691
S. Babu
There have been several recent developments in Open Source Hardware that enable the creation of relatively low-cost sensors for remote deployment. The initial work done by ICFOSS for soil and atmosphere monitoring sensor networks, where the sensors had wired connections within each node, had limited their deployment to very short distances around the node. A hybrid approach using a mesh network consisting of `motes'-based sensors is proposed in conjunction with the Raspberry Pi-based management layer to un-tether the sensors, leading to simplified field-based deployments. This approach enables multiple applications such as remote monitoring for disaster management, precision agriculture, wildlife monitoring or pollution monitoring in urban areas.
{"title":"A hybrid sensor network for flexible, unattended, multipurpose deployment","authors":"S. Babu","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2013.6713691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2013.6713691","url":null,"abstract":"There have been several recent developments in Open Source Hardware that enable the creation of relatively low-cost sensors for remote deployment. The initial work done by ICFOSS for soil and atmosphere monitoring sensor networks, where the sensors had wired connections within each node, had limited their deployment to very short distances around the node. A hybrid approach using a mesh network consisting of `motes'-based sensors is proposed in conjunction with the Raspberry Pi-based management layer to un-tether the sensors, leading to simplified field-based deployments. This approach enables multiple applications such as remote monitoring for disaster management, precision agriculture, wildlife monitoring or pollution monitoring in urban areas.","PeriodicalId":168082,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134125102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-01DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2013.6713704
Y. N. Udoakah, U. Akpan
Municipal Solid Wastes in most towns and cities in Nigeria are disposed in open dumps or ravines which are only a few meters away from major streets and residential areas, and in other cases are dumped into drainages which eventually flows into adjoining streams which serves as a source of water supply to the resident of such locality. This unscientific and unregulated disposal pattern causes severe environmental and public health hazards. This study examines a sustainable approach to municipal solid waste (MSW) management in Southern Nigeria and recommends proven methods of MSW management. The benefit of using MSW to generate electricity is also explored. It is seen that proper waste management has the potential benefit of greatly reducing incidences of morbidity caused by indiscriminate waste disposal in such areas and can contribute to solving the energy need of the affected communities were the waste are disposed. On the whole, proper MSW management would not only improve the air quality and minimize the associated health hazards which people residing and working in such area are subjected to, but would also reduce the rate at which green house gases and other poisonous gases which contributes to global warming are emitted into the atmosphere. The study indicates that from a daily delivery of 2,714 tons of waste in just one city, about 30 to 52 MWh of electricity can be generated. The study recommends a sustainable approach to MSW handling and the incorporation of waste incinerators with energy recovery at dump sites to effectively transform the inherent energy in MSW to electricity.
{"title":"A sustainable approach to Municipal Solid Waste management in Southern Nigeria","authors":"Y. N. Udoakah, U. Akpan","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2013.6713704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2013.6713704","url":null,"abstract":"Municipal Solid Wastes in most towns and cities in Nigeria are disposed in open dumps or ravines which are only a few meters away from major streets and residential areas, and in other cases are dumped into drainages which eventually flows into adjoining streams which serves as a source of water supply to the resident of such locality. This unscientific and unregulated disposal pattern causes severe environmental and public health hazards. This study examines a sustainable approach to municipal solid waste (MSW) management in Southern Nigeria and recommends proven methods of MSW management. The benefit of using MSW to generate electricity is also explored. It is seen that proper waste management has the potential benefit of greatly reducing incidences of morbidity caused by indiscriminate waste disposal in such areas and can contribute to solving the energy need of the affected communities were the waste are disposed. On the whole, proper MSW management would not only improve the air quality and minimize the associated health hazards which people residing and working in such area are subjected to, but would also reduce the rate at which green house gases and other poisonous gases which contributes to global warming are emitted into the atmosphere. The study indicates that from a daily delivery of 2,714 tons of waste in just one city, about 30 to 52 MWh of electricity can be generated. The study recommends a sustainable approach to MSW handling and the incorporation of waste incinerators with energy recovery at dump sites to effectively transform the inherent energy in MSW to electricity.","PeriodicalId":168082,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114585702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-01DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2013.6713683
A. Greenbaum, Najva Akbari, A. Feizi, A. Ozcan
We report a field-portable lensfree on-chip holographic microscope that can image confluent color samples, with sub-micron resolution over a wide field-of-view (FOV) of ~ 20 mm2. This color microscope is suitable for field use as it weighs less than 150 grams and its dimensions are smaller than 17×6×5 cm3. The unique design of this lensfree microscope utilizes three computational methods, namely: (i) pixel super-resolution to achieve sub-micron resolution with unit magnification over a large FOV, (ii) multi-height phase-recovery that enables imaging of confluent samples, and (iii) YUV color space averaging that mitigates `rainbow' like color artifacts, typically observed in holographic imaging. To demonstrate the performance of our computational color microscope, we imaged a 1951 USAF test chart and Papanicolaou (Pap) smear samples. This holographic color microscope with its light-weight, cost-effective design, and wide FOV could be useful for tele-pathology applications including for example diagnosis of cervical cancer or malaria.
{"title":"Field-portable lensfree holographic color microscope for telemedicine applications","authors":"A. Greenbaum, Najva Akbari, A. Feizi, A. Ozcan","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2013.6713683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2013.6713683","url":null,"abstract":"We report a field-portable lensfree on-chip holographic microscope that can image confluent color samples, with sub-micron resolution over a wide field-of-view (FOV) of ~ 20 mm2. This color microscope is suitable for field use as it weighs less than 150 grams and its dimensions are smaller than 17×6×5 cm3. The unique design of this lensfree microscope utilizes three computational methods, namely: (i) pixel super-resolution to achieve sub-micron resolution with unit magnification over a large FOV, (ii) multi-height phase-recovery that enables imaging of confluent samples, and (iii) YUV color space averaging that mitigates `rainbow' like color artifacts, typically observed in holographic imaging. To demonstrate the performance of our computational color microscope, we imaged a 1951 USAF test chart and Papanicolaou (Pap) smear samples. This holographic color microscope with its light-weight, cost-effective design, and wide FOV could be useful for tele-pathology applications including for example diagnosis of cervical cancer or malaria.","PeriodicalId":168082,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"61 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116226404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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