We present a mobile phone based augmented reality (AR) assembly system that enable users to view complex models on their mobile phones. It is based on a client-server architecture, where complex model information is located on a PC, and a mobile phone with the camera is used as a thin client access device to this information. With this system users are able to see an AR view that provides step by step guidance for a real world assembly task. We also present results from a pilot user study evaluating the system, showing that people felt the interface was intuitive and very helpful in supporting the assembly task.
{"title":"Augmented assembly using a mobile phone","authors":"M. Hakkarainen, Charles Woodward, M. Billinghurst","doi":"10.1145/1543137.1543153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1543137.1543153","url":null,"abstract":"We present a mobile phone based augmented reality (AR) assembly system that enable users to view complex models on their mobile phones. It is based on a client-server architecture, where complex model information is located on a PC, and a mobile phone with the camera is used as a thin client access device to this information. With this system users are able to see an AR view that provides step by step guidance for a real world assembly task. We also present results from a pilot user study evaluating the system, showing that people felt the interface was intuitive and very helpful in supporting the assembly task.","PeriodicalId":168134,"journal":{"name":"2008 7th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124238355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-09-15DOI: 10.1109/ISMAR.2008.4637340
Kohei Tanaka, Y. Kishino, Masakazu Miyamae, T. Terada, S. Nishio
Accessing information when we are on the move is a key feature if mobile computing environments, and using an optical see-through head mounted display (HMD) is one of the most suitable ways to do this. Although the HMD can display information without interfering with the user's view, when the sight behind the display is too complex or too bright, the information displayed can bee very difficult to see. To solve this problem, we have created a way of laying out information for the optical see-through HMD. The ideal area for displaying information is determined by evaluating the sight image behind the HMD captured by a pantoscopic camera mounted on it. Moreover, if there is no suitable area for displaying information, our method select involves using the sight image around users use to the ideal direction and instructing them to face the direction. Our method displays information to ideal areas.
{"title":"An information layout method for an optical see-through head mounted display focusing on the viewability","authors":"Kohei Tanaka, Y. Kishino, Masakazu Miyamae, T. Terada, S. Nishio","doi":"10.1109/ISMAR.2008.4637340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISMAR.2008.4637340","url":null,"abstract":"Accessing information when we are on the move is a key feature if mobile computing environments, and using an optical see-through head mounted display (HMD) is one of the most suitable ways to do this. Although the HMD can display information without interfering with the user's view, when the sight behind the display is too complex or too bright, the information displayed can bee very difficult to see. To solve this problem, we have created a way of laying out information for the optical see-through HMD. The ideal area for displaying information is determined by evaluating the sight image behind the HMD captured by a pantoscopic camera mounted on it. Moreover, if there is no suitable area for displaying information, our method select involves using the sight image around users use to the ideal direction and instructing them to face the direction. Our method displays information to ideal areas.","PeriodicalId":168134,"journal":{"name":"2008 7th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality","volume":"56 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126959765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-09-15DOI: 10.1109/ISMAR.2008.4637321
Sheng Liu, D. Cheng, H. Hua
Most existing stereoscopic head mounted displays (HMDs), presenting a pair of stereoscopic images at a fixed focal distance, lack the ability to correctly render the naturally coupled accommodation and convergence cues. Psychophysical studies have shown that such displays may cause many adverse consequences such as visual fatigue, diplopic vision, degraded oculomotor response, and depth perception errors. In this paper, we present a see-through HMD with addressable focal planes utilizing a novel active optical element - a liquid lens. The element, with a varying optical power from -5 to 20 diopters, is able to address the focal distance of the HMD from infinity to the near point of the eye. A monocular prototype was built from off-the-shelf elements and experimental results are presented to validate the proposed designs. We also describe both subjective and objective measurements of the accommodation responses of the viewer to the focal distances presented by the prototype.
{"title":"An optical see-through head mounted display with addressable focal planes","authors":"Sheng Liu, D. Cheng, H. Hua","doi":"10.1109/ISMAR.2008.4637321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISMAR.2008.4637321","url":null,"abstract":"Most existing stereoscopic head mounted displays (HMDs), presenting a pair of stereoscopic images at a fixed focal distance, lack the ability to correctly render the naturally coupled accommodation and convergence cues. Psychophysical studies have shown that such displays may cause many adverse consequences such as visual fatigue, diplopic vision, degraded oculomotor response, and depth perception errors. In this paper, we present a see-through HMD with addressable focal planes utilizing a novel active optical element - a liquid lens. The element, with a varying optical power from -5 to 20 diopters, is able to address the focal distance of the HMD from infinity to the near point of the eye. A monocular prototype was built from off-the-shelf elements and experimental results are presented to validate the proposed designs. We also describe both subjective and objective measurements of the accommodation responses of the viewer to the focal distances presented by the prototype.","PeriodicalId":168134,"journal":{"name":"2008 7th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122173106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-09-15DOI: 10.1109/ISMAR.2008.4637330
Johannes Tümler, R. Mecke, Michael Schenk, A. Huckauf, Fabian Doil, Georg Paul, E. Pfister, I. Böckelmann, Anja Roggentin
Augmented Reality (AR) uses computer-generated virtual information to enhance the userpsilas information access. While numerous previous studies have demonstrated the large potential of AR to improve industrial processes by enhancing product quality and reducing production times it is still unclear if and how long term usage of such AR technology produces stress and strain. This paper presents an approach to use the analysis of Heart Rate Variability to objectively measure current user strain during different work tasks. Results of a user study comparing strain during an AR supported and a non-AR supported work task in a laboratory setting are presented and discussed.
{"title":"Mobile Augmented Reality in industrial applications: Approaches for solution of user-related issues","authors":"Johannes Tümler, R. Mecke, Michael Schenk, A. Huckauf, Fabian Doil, Georg Paul, E. Pfister, I. Böckelmann, Anja Roggentin","doi":"10.1109/ISMAR.2008.4637330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISMAR.2008.4637330","url":null,"abstract":"Augmented Reality (AR) uses computer-generated virtual information to enhance the userpsilas information access. While numerous previous studies have demonstrated the large potential of AR to improve industrial processes by enhancing product quality and reducing production times it is still unclear if and how long term usage of such AR technology produces stress and strain. This paper presents an approach to use the analysis of Heart Rate Variability to objectively measure current user strain during different work tasks. Results of a user study comparing strain during an AR supported and a non-AR supported work task in a laboratory setting are presented and discussed.","PeriodicalId":168134,"journal":{"name":"2008 7th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124780919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-09-15DOI: 10.1109/ISMAR.2008.4637320
Ozan Cakmakci, S. Vo, Simon Vogl, Rupert Spindelbalker, A. Ferscha, J. Rolland
Head-worn displays are becoming a viable visual display option for mobile augmented reality. In this paper, we highlight the challenges and some recent progress towards compact and lightweight head-worn displays tending towards the eyeglass form factor. Single and dual-element eyeglass display designs that leverage the advances in free-form optics fabrication technology will be presented. There are three new contributions in this paper: first, we present a single-element eyeglass display design and the fabricated mirror prototype; second, we present our second generation dual-element eyeglass display design with the revised opto-mechanical packaging; third, we present our initial studies on the field of view limit with an 8 mm pupil for the dual-element design.
{"title":"Optical free-form surfaces in off-axis head-worn display design","authors":"Ozan Cakmakci, S. Vo, Simon Vogl, Rupert Spindelbalker, A. Ferscha, J. Rolland","doi":"10.1109/ISMAR.2008.4637320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISMAR.2008.4637320","url":null,"abstract":"Head-worn displays are becoming a viable visual display option for mobile augmented reality. In this paper, we highlight the challenges and some recent progress towards compact and lightweight head-worn displays tending towards the eyeglass form factor. Single and dual-element eyeglass display designs that leverage the advances in free-form optics fabrication technology will be presented. There are three new contributions in this paper: first, we present a single-element eyeglass display design and the fabricated mirror prototype; second, we present our second generation dual-element eyeglass display design with the revised opto-mechanical packaging; third, we present our initial studies on the field of view limit with an 8 mm pupil for the dual-element design.","PeriodicalId":168134,"journal":{"name":"2008 7th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality","volume":"253 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121153933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-09-15DOI: 10.1109/ISMAR.2008.4637351
P. Georgel, P. Schroeder, Selim Benhimane, M. Appel, Nassir Navab
In this paper, we present an automatic pose estimation (6 DoF) technique to augment images using keyframes pre-registered to a CAD model. State of the art techniques recover the essential matrix (5 DoF) in an automatic manner, but include a manual step to align the image with the CAD reference system because the essential matrix does not provide the scale of the translation. We propose using planar structures to recover this scale automatically and to offer immediate augmentation. These techniques have been implemented in our augmented reality software. Qualitative tests are performed in an industrial environment.
{"title":"How to augment the second image? Recovery of the translation scale in image to image registration","authors":"P. Georgel, P. Schroeder, Selim Benhimane, M. Appel, Nassir Navab","doi":"10.1109/ISMAR.2008.4637351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISMAR.2008.4637351","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present an automatic pose estimation (6 DoF) technique to augment images using keyframes pre-registered to a CAD model. State of the art techniques recover the essential matrix (5 DoF) in an automatic manner, but include a manual step to align the image with the CAD reference system because the essential matrix does not provide the scale of the translation. We propose using planar structures to recover this scale automatically and to offer immediate augmentation. These techniques have been implemented in our augmented reality software. Qualitative tests are performed in an industrial environment.","PeriodicalId":168134,"journal":{"name":"2008 7th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133336350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-09-15DOI: 10.1109/ISMAR.2008.4637345
Simon Hay, Joseph Newman, R. Harle
We describe a method for using Nintendo Wii controllers as a stereo vision system to perform 3D tracking or motion capture in real time. Commodity consumer hardware allows a wireless, portable tracker to be created that obtains accurate results for a fraction of the cost of conventional setups. Consequently, tracking becomes viable in situations where cost or space were previously prohibitive. Initial results show an accuracy of plusmn2 mm over a large tracking volume.
{"title":"Optical tracking using commodity hardware","authors":"Simon Hay, Joseph Newman, R. Harle","doi":"10.1109/ISMAR.2008.4637345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISMAR.2008.4637345","url":null,"abstract":"We describe a method for using Nintendo Wii controllers as a stereo vision system to perform 3D tracking or motion capture in real time. Commodity consumer hardware allows a wireless, portable tracker to be created that obtains accurate results for a fraction of the cost of conventional setups. Consequently, tracking becomes viable in situations where cost or space were previously prohibitive. Initial results show an accuracy of plusmn2 mm over a large tracking volume.","PeriodicalId":168134,"journal":{"name":"2008 7th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133338351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-09-15DOI: 10.1109/ISMAR.2008.4637334
Tsutomu Miyashita, P. Meier, T. Tachikawa, S. Orlic, T. Eble, V. Scholz, Andreas Gapel, Oliver Gerl, Stanimir Arnaudov, S. Lieberknecht
Recent years have seen advances in many enabling augmented reality technologies. Furthermore, much research has been carried out on how augmented reality can be used to enhance existing applications. This paper describes our experiences with an AR-museum guide that combines some of the latest technologies. Amongst other technologies, markerless tracking, hybrid tracking, and an ultra-mobile-PC were used. Like existing audio guides, the AR-guide can be used by any museum visitor, during a six-month exhibition on Islamic art. We provide a detailed description of the museumpsilas motivation for using AR, of our experiences in developing the system, and the initial results of user surveys. Taking this information into account, we can derive possible system improvements.
{"title":"An Augmented Reality museum guide","authors":"Tsutomu Miyashita, P. Meier, T. Tachikawa, S. Orlic, T. Eble, V. Scholz, Andreas Gapel, Oliver Gerl, Stanimir Arnaudov, S. Lieberknecht","doi":"10.1109/ISMAR.2008.4637334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISMAR.2008.4637334","url":null,"abstract":"Recent years have seen advances in many enabling augmented reality technologies. Furthermore, much research has been carried out on how augmented reality can be used to enhance existing applications. This paper describes our experiences with an AR-museum guide that combines some of the latest technologies. Amongst other technologies, markerless tracking, hybrid tracking, and an ultra-mobile-PC were used. Like existing audio guides, the AR-guide can be used by any museum visitor, during a six-month exhibition on Islamic art. We provide a detailed description of the museumpsilas motivation for using AR, of our experiences in developing the system, and the initial results of user surveys. Taking this information into account, we can derive possible system improvements.","PeriodicalId":168134,"journal":{"name":"2008 7th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality","volume":"185 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127136020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-09-15DOI: 10.1109/ISMAR.2008.4637323
Yusaku Nishina, B. Okumura, M. Kanbara, N. Yokoya
This paper describes photometric registration for augmented reality (AR) using a high-dynamic-range (HDR) image. In photorealistic AR, estimating the lighting environment of virtual objects is difficult because of low dynamic range cameras. In order to overcome this problem, we propose a method that estimates the lighting environment from an HDR image and renders virtual objects using an HDR environment map. Virtual objects are overlaid in real-time by adjusting the dynamic range of the rendered image with tone mapping according to the exposure time of the camera. The HDR image is generated from multiple images captured with various exposure times. We have found through experimentation that the updating rate is improved by effectively limiting the dynamic range, depending on the exposure time. We have verified the effect of limiting the dynamic range on the reality of virtual objects.
{"title":"Photometric registration by adaptive high dynamic range image generation for augmented reality","authors":"Yusaku Nishina, B. Okumura, M. Kanbara, N. Yokoya","doi":"10.1109/ISMAR.2008.4637323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISMAR.2008.4637323","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes photometric registration for augmented reality (AR) using a high-dynamic-range (HDR) image. In photorealistic AR, estimating the lighting environment of virtual objects is difficult because of low dynamic range cameras. In order to overcome this problem, we propose a method that estimates the lighting environment from an HDR image and renders virtual objects using an HDR environment map. Virtual objects are overlaid in real-time by adjusting the dynamic range of the rendered image with tone mapping according to the exposure time of the camera. The HDR image is generated from multiple images captured with various exposure times. We have found through experimentation that the updating rate is improved by effectively limiting the dynamic range, depending on the exposure time. We have verified the effect of limiting the dynamic range on the reality of virtual objects.","PeriodicalId":168134,"journal":{"name":"2008 7th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127262833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-09-15DOI: 10.1109/ISMAR.2008.4637341
Stephen D. O'Connell, Magnus Axholt, S. Ellis
This paper describes a novel technique for segregating overlapping labels in stereoscopic see-through displays. The present study investigates the labeling of far-field objects, with distances ranging 100-120 m. At these distances the stereoscopic disparity difference between objects is below 1 arcmin, so labels rendered at the same distance as their corresponding objects appear as if on a flat layer in the display. This flattening is due to limitations of both display and human visual resolution. By remapping labels to pre-determined depth layers on the optical path between the observer and the labeled object, an interlayer disparity ranging from 5 to 20 arcmin can be achieved for 5 overlapping labels. The present study evaluates the impact of such depth separation of superimposed layers, and found that a 5 arcmin interlayer disparity yields a significantly lower response time, over 20% on average, in a visual search task compared to correctly registering labels and objects in depth. Notably the performance does not improve when doubling the interlayer disparity to 10 arcmin and, surprisingly, the performance degrades significantly when again doubling the interlayer disparity to 20 arcmin, approximating the performance in situations with no interlayer disparity. These results confirm that our technique can be used to segregate overlapping labels in the far visual field, without the cost associated with traditional label placement algorithms.
{"title":"Label segregation by remapping stereoscopic depth in far-field augmented reality","authors":"Stephen D. O'Connell, Magnus Axholt, S. Ellis","doi":"10.1109/ISMAR.2008.4637341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISMAR.2008.4637341","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a novel technique for segregating overlapping labels in stereoscopic see-through displays. The present study investigates the labeling of far-field objects, with distances ranging 100-120 m. At these distances the stereoscopic disparity difference between objects is below 1 arcmin, so labels rendered at the same distance as their corresponding objects appear as if on a flat layer in the display. This flattening is due to limitations of both display and human visual resolution. By remapping labels to pre-determined depth layers on the optical path between the observer and the labeled object, an interlayer disparity ranging from 5 to 20 arcmin can be achieved for 5 overlapping labels. The present study evaluates the impact of such depth separation of superimposed layers, and found that a 5 arcmin interlayer disparity yields a significantly lower response time, over 20% on average, in a visual search task compared to correctly registering labels and objects in depth. Notably the performance does not improve when doubling the interlayer disparity to 10 arcmin and, surprisingly, the performance degrades significantly when again doubling the interlayer disparity to 20 arcmin, approximating the performance in situations with no interlayer disparity. These results confirm that our technique can be used to segregate overlapping labels in the far visual field, without the cost associated with traditional label placement algorithms.","PeriodicalId":168134,"journal":{"name":"2008 7th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130685923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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