Pub Date : 2023-08-06DOI: 10.11113/humentech.v2n2.54
Mohd Riduan Mohamad, Nur Azra Daud
There is an increased stress on the metatarsal when running due to repeated loadings that cause ankle injury. The solid foam structure of the sole may not provide optimum strength and good absorption shock, as demonstrated by previous studies. So, this study aimed to design the shoe sole models of various patterns or topologies and compare the effects of shoe sole design on the foot stress distribution. This study was conducted using three different softwares which were 3-Matic, Solidworks and ANSYS. Three different topologies of sole including circular, elliptical and hexagonal patterns were designed using Solidworks software. A 23 years old female foot with 45 kg weight and 25 cm foot length was scanned using three-dimensional (3D) scanner and modified using 3 Matic software. Foot-sole simulation was carried out in finite element analysis (FEA) platform called ANSYS, considering the nonlinearity and viscoelastic properties of the sole material to reflect the stress distribution on the foot plantar that in contact with three different midsoles of various topologies. The result showed the hexagonal sole pattern has the lowest stress with a maximum of 0.1 MPa. It has the potential to enhance the area of contact between the foot and the sole. The stresses on the foot were more uniformly distributed. The highest stress was found on the elliptical design with 0.19 MPa because the struts will buckle as the compression load changes dramatically thus, it cannot avoid concentrating the stress on the foot. Meanwhile, the circular pattern has a maximum of 0.12 MPa. The increased stress caused by repeated external impact loads when running will cause ankle injury. Therefore, the hexagonal sole design is the most comfortable that will help to reduce ankle injuries. Lastly, more subjects should be involved in the future for the FEA to achieve a solid conclusion.
跑步时，由于反复负荷会导致踝关节损伤，跖骨的压力会增加。以前的研究表明，鞋底的固体泡沫结构可能不能提供最佳的强度和良好的吸收冲击。因此，本研究旨在设计不同形态或拓扑的鞋底模型，比较鞋底设计对足部应力分布的影响。本研究使用3-Matic、Solidworks和ANSYS三种不同的软件进行。利用Solidworks软件设计了圆形、椭圆形和六边形三种不同的鞋底拓扑结构。23岁女性，体重45 kg，足长25 cm，采用三维(3D)扫描仪扫描，并使用3 Matic软件修改。在ANSYS有限元分析(finite element analysis, FEA)平台上进行足底仿真，考虑鞋底材料的非线性和粘弹性特性，反映足底与三种不同拓扑结构的中底接触时的应力分布。结果表明:六角形鞋底图案的应力最小，最大为0.1 MPa;它有可能增加脚和鞋底之间的接触面积。足部应力分布更加均匀。椭圆型设计应力最大，为0.19 MPa，由于压缩载荷变化较大，支板会发生屈曲，无法避免应力集中在足部。而圆形图案的最大压力为0.12 MPa。跑步时由于反复的外部冲击负荷而增加的压力会造成踝关节损伤。因此，六边形鞋底设计是最舒适的，有助于减少脚踝受伤。最后，为了使有限元分析得出一个可靠的结论，未来还需要涉及更多的课题。
{"title":"The Effect of Sole Design on Foot Stress Distribution to Runner","authors":"Mohd Riduan Mohamad, Nur Azra Daud","doi":"10.11113/humentech.v2n2.54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/humentech.v2n2.54","url":null,"abstract":"There is an increased stress on the metatarsal when running due to repeated loadings that cause ankle injury. The solid foam structure of the sole may not provide optimum strength and good absorption shock, as demonstrated by previous studies. So, this study aimed to design the shoe sole models of various patterns or topologies and compare the effects of shoe sole design on the foot stress distribution. This study was conducted using three different softwares which were 3-Matic, Solidworks and ANSYS. Three different topologies of sole including circular, elliptical and hexagonal patterns were designed using Solidworks software. A 23 years old female foot with 45 kg weight and 25 cm foot length was scanned using three-dimensional (3D) scanner and modified using 3 Matic software. Foot-sole simulation was carried out in finite element analysis (FEA) platform called ANSYS, considering the nonlinearity and viscoelastic properties of the sole material to reflect the stress distribution on the foot plantar that in contact with three different midsoles of various topologies. The result showed the hexagonal sole pattern has the lowest stress with a maximum of 0.1 MPa. It has the potential to enhance the area of contact between the foot and the sole. The stresses on the foot were more uniformly distributed. The highest stress was found on the elliptical design with 0.19 MPa because the struts will buckle as the compression load changes dramatically thus, it cannot avoid concentrating the stress on the foot. Meanwhile, the circular pattern has a maximum of 0.12 MPa. The increased stress caused by repeated external impact loads when running will cause ankle injury. Therefore, the hexagonal sole design is the most comfortable that will help to reduce ankle injuries. Lastly, more subjects should be involved in the future for the FEA to achieve a solid conclusion.","PeriodicalId":168265,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Centered Technology","volume":"47 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126787227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-06DOI: 10.11113/humentech.v2n2.55
Madeeha Sadia, Norhidayu Muhamad Zain, Nurizzati Mohd Daud, Faizuan Abdullah, A. Chandio, I. A. Channa, S. A. Taqvi, Nik Ahmad Nizam Nik Malek, S. Saidin
The arrangement of fibers into three-dimensional (3D) complex structure is constructing a sheet of membrane, depending on the fabrication technique. The fiber mats and scaffolds have been used in various applications including tissue engineering which involve the integration of cells and tissues within the pores between the fibers. There are several techniques that have been opted to produce specifically nanofibers as its efficacy in tissue healing is prominent compared to microfibers. Among the fabrication techniques (drawing, template synthesis, temperature-induced phase separation, molecular self-assembly, and electrospinning), electrospinning method has drawn attention due to their easy handling, inexpensive, and ability for membrane scale-up with the production of fibers ranging from few nanometers to several microns. Researchers have employed a variety of electrospinning methods, including blended/co-electrospinning, emulsion, coaxial, side-by-side, and triaxial electrospinning. In electrospinning smooth formation of nanofibers for tissue healing with less appearance of spray and beads, several parameters such as humidity, temperature, voltage, flow rate, viscosity, concentration, molecular weight, surface tension, conductivity, and solvent volatile need to be tailored. The morphology of nanofibers formation should support the size and structure of the surrounded cells and tissues. Besides, the types of degradable polymeric materials also play a role in the formation of stable nanofibers. This review paper aimed to provide information on the techniques to produce nanofibers, intended to the basic exploration of electrospinning.
{"title":"Electrospun Membrane Fabrication in Assisting Tissues Healing","authors":"Madeeha Sadia, Norhidayu Muhamad Zain, Nurizzati Mohd Daud, Faizuan Abdullah, A. Chandio, I. A. Channa, S. A. Taqvi, Nik Ahmad Nizam Nik Malek, S. Saidin","doi":"10.11113/humentech.v2n2.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/humentech.v2n2.55","url":null,"abstract":"The arrangement of fibers into three-dimensional (3D) complex structure is constructing a sheet of membrane, depending on the fabrication technique. The fiber mats and scaffolds have been used in various applications including tissue engineering which involve the integration of cells and tissues within the pores between the fibers. There are several techniques that have been opted to produce specifically nanofibers as its efficacy in tissue healing is prominent compared to microfibers. Among the fabrication techniques (drawing, template synthesis, temperature-induced phase separation, molecular self-assembly, and electrospinning), electrospinning method has drawn attention due to their easy handling, inexpensive, and ability for membrane scale-up with the production of fibers ranging from few nanometers to several microns. Researchers have employed a variety of electrospinning methods, including blended/co-electrospinning, emulsion, coaxial, side-by-side, and triaxial electrospinning. In electrospinning smooth formation of nanofibers for tissue healing with less appearance of spray and beads, several parameters such as humidity, temperature, voltage, flow rate, viscosity, concentration, molecular weight, surface tension, conductivity, and solvent volatile need to be tailored. The morphology of nanofibers formation should support the size and structure of the surrounded cells and tissues. Besides, the types of degradable polymeric materials also play a role in the formation of stable nanofibers. This review paper aimed to provide information on the techniques to produce nanofibers, intended to the basic exploration of electrospinning.","PeriodicalId":168265,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Centered Technology","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134280902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-06DOI: 10.11113/humentech.v2n2.52
Dida Faadihilah Khrisna, Mohamad Amin Jumat, K. Jemon, S. Saidin
Biomaterial-Centered Infection (BCI) is a significant issue in the implantation of medical devices, primarily caused by the formation of bacterial biofilms on the device surface. One potential solution to address this problem is the use of antibacterial coatings. This study examines the effectiveness of everolimus as an antibacterial coating agent with polydopamine (PDA) as an intermediate layer. The commonly used biomaterial for medical scaffolds, poly(lactic acid) (PLA), was coated with everolimus after being submerged in PDA for 24 hours. The coated PLA was then subjected to antibacterial analysis, including culturing Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli bacteria in Luria-Bertani broth, bacterial count tests, and disc inhibition tests. The results showed that everolimus has antibacterial properties, but its efficacy varies with different types of bacteria adhering to the biomaterial surfaces. Specifically, the everolimus coating was found to be more effective in killing Gram-positive S. aureus. The absence of inhibition zones and the lack of further growth of both Gram-positive S. aureus and Gram-negative E. coli on the samples demonstrated the controlled release of everolimus, indicating the potential of the PDA layer in holding the everolimus release to the surrounding. Therefore, the study concludes that the formation of everolimus coating on biomaterial surfaces aided by the PDA layer, have significant potential in retarding bacterial colonies on medical devices.
{"title":"Antibacterial Analysis on Everolimus Grafted Biomaterial Surfaces using Polydopamine Intermediate Layer for Potential Use on Medical Devices","authors":"Dida Faadihilah Khrisna, Mohamad Amin Jumat, K. Jemon, S. Saidin","doi":"10.11113/humentech.v2n2.52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/humentech.v2n2.52","url":null,"abstract":"Biomaterial-Centered Infection (BCI) is a significant issue in the implantation of medical devices, primarily caused by the formation of bacterial biofilms on the device surface. One potential solution to address this problem is the use of antibacterial coatings. This study examines the effectiveness of everolimus as an antibacterial coating agent with polydopamine (PDA) as an intermediate layer. The commonly used biomaterial for medical scaffolds, poly(lactic acid) (PLA), was coated with everolimus after being submerged in PDA for 24 hours. The coated PLA was then subjected to antibacterial analysis, including culturing Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli bacteria in Luria-Bertani broth, bacterial count tests, and disc inhibition tests. The results showed that everolimus has antibacterial properties, but its efficacy varies with different types of bacteria adhering to the biomaterial surfaces. Specifically, the everolimus coating was found to be more effective in killing Gram-positive S. aureus. The absence of inhibition zones and the lack of further growth of both Gram-positive S. aureus and Gram-negative E. coli on the samples demonstrated the controlled release of everolimus, indicating the potential of the PDA layer in holding the everolimus release to the surrounding. Therefore, the study concludes that the formation of everolimus coating on biomaterial surfaces aided by the PDA layer, have significant potential in retarding bacterial colonies on medical devices.","PeriodicalId":168265,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Centered Technology","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124028360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-06DOI: 10.11113/humentech.v2n2.48
Isa Adam Abdullah, A. Salisu, Abdulsalam Dahiru
Provisions for thermal comfort is important to childrens’ performance and health. The lack of good environmental comfort can greatly affect the learning capacity of pupils. An inherent research concern is that current thermal comfort approaches are predicated on the adult subjects. However, there is no certainty on the effect of these approaches towards children. This study is a research survey with experimental measurements using Kestrel 5500 indoor climate tracker on the effects of thermal comfort on the learning capacity of children. It adopted a cross-sectional approach using graphic questionnaires for data collection. The graphic comfort scale sought the pupils to make a subjective voting of their thermal sensations when they were in their classroom environment using the adapted ASHRAE thermal sensation 5 points scale. Concomitantly, measurements were taken with instruments with the records of Mclntyre preference 3 points scale. The result shows that a combined thermal discomfort percentage of about 68.86% (45.92% warm and 22.94% hot) of the students found the environment was not thermally satisfactory at a mean air velocity of 0.53m/s, air temperature of 35.38oC, radiant temperature of 37.33oC and relative humidity of 35.60%. The preference votes of the classes portray a clear preference of 62.30% of the pupils, requested for cooler environment at a mean air velocity of 0.53m/s, air temperature of 35.38oC, radiant temperature of 37.33oC and relative humidity of 35.60%. Consequently, the classroom environment is not thermally comfortable for the pupils. The research recommends that there is the inescapable need for further studies on the use of building materials, opening types and right orientation in construction that will bring down the temperature in the Hot Semiarid climatic zone of Nigeria that will ultimately enhance pupils learning environment.
{"title":"Determining the Adaptive Thermal Comfort and Preference Votes of Children in Public Primary Schools in the Hot Semi-arid Climatic Zone of Nigeria","authors":"Isa Adam Abdullah, A. Salisu, Abdulsalam Dahiru","doi":"10.11113/humentech.v2n2.48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/humentech.v2n2.48","url":null,"abstract":"Provisions for thermal comfort is important to childrens’ performance and health. The lack of good environmental comfort can greatly affect the learning capacity of pupils. An inherent research concern is that current thermal comfort approaches are predicated on the adult subjects. However, there is no certainty on the effect of these approaches towards children. This study is a research survey with experimental measurements using Kestrel 5500 indoor climate tracker on the effects of thermal comfort on the learning capacity of children. It adopted a cross-sectional approach using graphic questionnaires for data collection. The graphic comfort scale sought the pupils to make a subjective voting of their thermal sensations when they were in their classroom environment using the adapted ASHRAE thermal sensation 5 points scale. Concomitantly, measurements were taken with instruments with the records of Mclntyre preference 3 points scale. The result shows that a combined thermal discomfort percentage of about 68.86% (45.92% warm and 22.94% hot) of the students found the environment was not thermally satisfactory at a mean air velocity of 0.53m/s, air temperature of 35.38oC, radiant temperature of 37.33oC and relative humidity of 35.60%. The preference votes of the classes portray a clear preference of 62.30% of the pupils, requested for cooler environment at a mean air velocity of 0.53m/s, air temperature of 35.38oC, radiant temperature of 37.33oC and relative humidity of 35.60%. Consequently, the classroom environment is not thermally comfortable for the pupils. The research recommends that there is the inescapable need for further studies on the use of building materials, opening types and right orientation in construction that will bring down the temperature in the Hot Semiarid climatic zone of Nigeria that will ultimately enhance pupils learning environment.","PeriodicalId":168265,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Centered Technology","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132489179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-06DOI: 10.11113/humentech.v2n2.60
Su Shen Lim, Adibah Zairul Nisha, Fatin Ayuni MD Khalid, Jin Xiu Chua, Y. Hau
Covid-19, also known as coronavirus disease 2019, is a highly contagious disease primarily transmitted through respiratory droplets. To mitigate the spread of the virus, the Malaysia government have implemented measures such as MySejahtera app for contact tracking purposes. The ‘Check-in’ feature is the core element in MySejahtera app where users will scan a QR code prior to entering a premise. However, it has some drawbacks in which a phone with internet connectivity and working camera are needed to scan the QR code. To overcome the limitations and ease the burden on the public, this paper proposes a RFID record tracker based on Atmel ATmega328P and NodeMCU ESP-12E technology as a complementary function to the ‘Check-in’ feature offered by MySejahtera. It has a RFID reader and built-in temperature sensor. It is ideally visualized to be sharing the same database with MySejahtera. This solution can be connected to the WiFi of the premise, thus the public just have to bring their Malaysian IC or relative RFID tag along with them. Once scanned, the system will crosscheck with the connected database to check their vaccination status and determine whether to grant access for them to enter the premise. At the same time, their record will be logged into associated database of the premise as well. All in all, this solution is designed in hopes to reduce the burden on public while easing the process of contact tracing.
{"title":"A Microcontroller-based RFID Record Tracker for COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Su Shen Lim, Adibah Zairul Nisha, Fatin Ayuni MD Khalid, Jin Xiu Chua, Y. Hau","doi":"10.11113/humentech.v2n2.60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/humentech.v2n2.60","url":null,"abstract":"Covid-19, also known as coronavirus disease 2019, is a highly contagious disease primarily transmitted through respiratory droplets. To mitigate the spread of the virus, the Malaysia government have implemented measures such as MySejahtera app for contact tracking purposes. The ‘Check-in’ feature is the core element in MySejahtera app where users will scan a QR code prior to entering a premise. However, it has some drawbacks in which a phone with internet connectivity and working camera are needed to scan the QR code. To overcome the limitations and ease the burden on the public, this paper proposes a RFID record tracker based on Atmel ATmega328P and NodeMCU ESP-12E technology as a complementary function to the ‘Check-in’ feature offered by MySejahtera. It has a RFID reader and built-in temperature sensor. It is ideally visualized to be sharing the same database with MySejahtera. This solution can be connected to the WiFi of the premise, thus the public just have to bring their Malaysian IC or relative RFID tag along with them. Once scanned, the system will crosscheck with the connected database to check their vaccination status and determine whether to grant access for them to enter the premise. At the same time, their record will be logged into associated database of the premise as well. All in all, this solution is designed in hopes to reduce the burden on public while easing the process of contact tracing.","PeriodicalId":168265,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Centered Technology","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132180359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-06DOI: 10.11113/humentech.v2n2.62
Syazwani Ramli, Norhidayu Muhamad Zain
The halal status of biomedical applications has recently been under intense demand due to the utilization of critical ingredients in developing the products. One of the disciplines in biomedical applications, uses various types of biomaterials is tissue engineering. Due to its promising biocompatibility, low antigenicity, and biodegradability, collagen is well known and frequently employed as biomaterials for tissue engineering applications. Most of collagen come from sources including bovine, porcine, marine, and other mammal species. These huge sources end up being one of the most important factors in determining the halal status. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to emphasize collagen's application as biomaterials from the halal standpoint. Additionally, several collagen sources and their status as halal biomaterials for neural, skin, bone, and tissue engineering were covered, with an emphasis on the potential implementation of collagen from halal sources.
{"title":"Halal Perspectives on Collagen-Based Biomaterials in Tissue Engineering Applications","authors":"Syazwani Ramli, Norhidayu Muhamad Zain","doi":"10.11113/humentech.v2n2.62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/humentech.v2n2.62","url":null,"abstract":"The halal status of biomedical applications has recently been under intense demand due to the utilization of critical ingredients in developing the products. One of the disciplines in biomedical applications, uses various types of biomaterials is tissue engineering. Due to its promising biocompatibility, low antigenicity, and biodegradability, collagen is well known and frequently employed as biomaterials for tissue engineering applications. Most of collagen come from sources including bovine, porcine, marine, and other mammal species. These huge sources end up being one of the most important factors in determining the halal status. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to emphasize collagen's application as biomaterials from the halal standpoint. Additionally, several collagen sources and their status as halal biomaterials for neural, skin, bone, and tissue engineering were covered, with an emphasis on the potential implementation of collagen from halal sources.","PeriodicalId":168265,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Centered Technology","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128967481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-06DOI: 10.11113/humentech.v2n2.58
N. A. Zulkiflli, Kaviarasu Nandaguru, Omar Fahmi Arm, Feisal Mohamed Khamis, Ahmad Ridhwan Wahap, Fatin Aliah Phang Abdullah, K. S. Tee, Nurul Hidayat, Jaysuman Pusppanathan
Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) imaging is capable for human lung imaging based on its continuous self-monitoring capabilities, and suitability for daily routines. This paper introduces a simulation work for EIT signal conditioning circuit and its simulated waveform response using Multisim software. EIT circuit simulations consist of several signal processing circuits for the receiving part of the EIT, band pass filter circuit, amplifier, and analog-to-digital circuit. The system produced a unit function signal of 5V from an input 250 kHz sine function via band pass filter, operational amplifier and AC/DC conversion. The waveform pattern result is presented for each processing stage aim to demonstrate the basic work of an EIT circuitry setup.
{"title":"Electrical Impedance Tomography Signal Conditioning for Lung Imaging Applications","authors":"N. A. Zulkiflli, Kaviarasu Nandaguru, Omar Fahmi Arm, Feisal Mohamed Khamis, Ahmad Ridhwan Wahap, Fatin Aliah Phang Abdullah, K. S. Tee, Nurul Hidayat, Jaysuman Pusppanathan","doi":"10.11113/humentech.v2n2.58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/humentech.v2n2.58","url":null,"abstract":"Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) imaging is capable for human lung imaging based on its continuous self-monitoring capabilities, and suitability for daily routines. This paper introduces a simulation work for EIT signal conditioning circuit and its simulated waveform response using Multisim software. EIT circuit simulations consist of several signal processing circuits for the receiving part of the EIT, band pass filter circuit, amplifier, and analog-to-digital circuit. The system produced a unit function signal of 5V from an input 250 kHz sine function via band pass filter, operational amplifier and AC/DC conversion. The waveform pattern result is presented for each processing stage aim to demonstrate the basic work of an EIT circuitry setup.","PeriodicalId":168265,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Centered Technology","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124266714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-06DOI: 10.11113/humentech.v2n2.56
Nuria Hanim, Yvonne Yee Woon Khor, K. X. Khor, M. N. Abdullah, C. F. Yeong, E. Su
Balancing plays a crucial role in our day-to-day activities and sports performance. However, the evaluation of this skill lacks standardized approaches, resulting in a wide range of practices. This article presents an introduction and critique to some conventional assessment tests used to evaluate balance skills and examines the principles, advantages, and limitations associated with these conventional tools. The conventional balance assessment reviewed in this paper included 10 conventional tests such as Berg Balance Scale, Tinetti Balance Test, Romberg Test, among others, and 2 slightly newer approach, which are the Balance Evaluation Systems Test (BESTest) and the Limits of Stability (LOS) test. The aim of the article was to introduce the available conventional balance assessment methods and highlights the importance of enhancing the conventional method with more precise, individualized approach through incorporation of sensor-based measurements. Suggestions to reduce dependency on manual observation and for more individualized training feedbacks, promoting optimal outcomes in balance training and rehabilitation are also presented.
{"title":"Review on Conventional Approaches to Balance Assessment","authors":"Nuria Hanim, Yvonne Yee Woon Khor, K. X. Khor, M. N. Abdullah, C. F. Yeong, E. Su","doi":"10.11113/humentech.v2n2.56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/humentech.v2n2.56","url":null,"abstract":"Balancing plays a crucial role in our day-to-day activities and sports performance. However, the evaluation of this skill lacks standardized approaches, resulting in a wide range of practices. This article presents an introduction and critique to some conventional assessment tests used to evaluate balance skills and examines the principles, advantages, and limitations associated with these conventional tools. The conventional balance assessment reviewed in this paper included 10 conventional tests such as Berg Balance Scale, Tinetti Balance Test, Romberg Test, among others, and 2 slightly newer approach, which are the Balance Evaluation Systems Test (BESTest) and the Limits of Stability (LOS) test. The aim of the article was to introduce the available conventional balance assessment methods and highlights the importance of enhancing the conventional method with more precise, individualized approach through incorporation of sensor-based measurements. Suggestions to reduce dependency on manual observation and for more individualized training feedbacks, promoting optimal outcomes in balance training and rehabilitation are also presented.","PeriodicalId":168265,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Centered Technology","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125983921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-06DOI: 10.11113/humentech.v2n2.59
Joyce Xin, Y. Lim, Nursyameera Athirah Aziz, Nur Farra, Aisyah Nafrizam, Yvonne Liang, Liang Wong, Asem Ubaidur Rahman, Y. Hau
The study discusses the impact of COVID-19 in our daily lives and how social distancing is an effective method to prevent the spread of the virus. The paper highlights the importance of maintaining social distancing in crowded areas such as retail shops, which are at high risk of COVID-19 spread. To ensure social distancing, retail shops usually hire an employee to limit the number of customers in the shop. However, hiring a human employee during the pandemic comes with many disadvantages as the employee is at high risk of getting infected with the virus. To address this issue, the study developed a customer control assistive device based on automatic voltage regulator (AVR) microcontroller-based embedded system designed to help detect the number of people entering a particular area while minimizing the use of manual assistance. This device consisted of infrared sensors to detect the head count who enter or exit from a premises, as well as auto hand sanitizer system based on sensor and micro servo motor before a visitor enters the premises. With this assistive device, retailers now can set the total number of customers allowed to enter their shop by simply key in the total number of customers allowed to enter. This feature helps retailers to ensure that the number of customers is always within safe ranges automatically to maintain social distancing.
{"title":"A Customer Control Assistive Device Based on Microcontroller-based Embedded System for COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Joyce Xin, Y. Lim, Nursyameera Athirah Aziz, Nur Farra, Aisyah Nafrizam, Yvonne Liang, Liang Wong, Asem Ubaidur Rahman, Y. Hau","doi":"10.11113/humentech.v2n2.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/humentech.v2n2.59","url":null,"abstract":"The study discusses the impact of COVID-19 in our daily lives and how social distancing is an effective method to prevent the spread of the virus. The paper highlights the importance of maintaining social distancing in crowded areas such as retail shops, which are at high risk of COVID-19 spread. To ensure social distancing, retail shops usually hire an employee to limit the number of customers in the shop. However, hiring a human employee during the pandemic comes with many disadvantages as the employee is at high risk of getting infected with the virus. To address this issue, the study developed a customer control assistive device based on automatic voltage regulator (AVR) microcontroller-based embedded system designed to help detect the number of people entering a particular area while minimizing the use of manual assistance. This device consisted of infrared sensors to detect the head count who enter or exit from a premises, as well as auto hand sanitizer system based on sensor and micro servo motor before a visitor enters the premises. With this assistive device, retailers now can set the total number of customers allowed to enter their shop by simply key in the total number of customers allowed to enter. This feature helps retailers to ensure that the number of customers is always within safe ranges automatically to maintain social distancing.","PeriodicalId":168265,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Centered Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128751128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-06DOI: 10.11113/humentech.v2n2.53
Mohamad Amin Jumat, Kugambikai Vangetaraman, Aisyah Ahmad Shafi, Norhidayu Muhamad Zain, S. Saidin
Stenting is a treatment procedure to insert an implant-like needle into the blood vessel for the purpose of removing plaque and thrombosis while supporting the weak blood vessel. This procedure will enlarge the narrow blood vessel and restore blood circulation. Specifically, stent implantation is being combined with coronary angioplasty procedure to be known as percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), which is an approach to treat cardiovascular diseases (CVD). There are three main variations of commercialized stents: Bare metal stent, drug-eluting stent and biodegradable stent. These three variations are focusing on the utilization of metal as the base material. Biodegradable metallic stent is a metallic stent which can be degraded into the physiological environment following an implantation. Even though forthcoming complications of permanent stent can be overcome with this type of stent, the degradation products often trigger inflammation and disturb the cascaded physiological processes. Therefore, researchers are moving towards biodegradable polymeric stents that are able to degrade while not harming the implanted lesion and surrounding tissues. This review article is intended to expose the information on biodegradable polymeric stent specifically to the implementation of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and its variation as the polymeric materials.
{"title":"Biodegradable Polymeric Stent: Poly(lactic acid) Variation","authors":"Mohamad Amin Jumat, Kugambikai Vangetaraman, Aisyah Ahmad Shafi, Norhidayu Muhamad Zain, S. Saidin","doi":"10.11113/humentech.v2n2.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/humentech.v2n2.53","url":null,"abstract":"Stenting is a treatment procedure to insert an implant-like needle into the blood vessel for the purpose of removing plaque and thrombosis while supporting the weak blood vessel. This procedure will enlarge the narrow blood vessel and restore blood circulation. Specifically, stent implantation is being combined with coronary angioplasty procedure to be known as percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), which is an approach to treat cardiovascular diseases (CVD). There are three main variations of commercialized stents: Bare metal stent, drug-eluting stent and biodegradable stent. These three variations are focusing on the utilization of metal as the base material. Biodegradable metallic stent is a metallic stent which can be degraded into the physiological environment following an implantation. Even though forthcoming complications of permanent stent can be overcome with this type of stent, the degradation products often trigger inflammation and disturb the cascaded physiological processes. Therefore, researchers are moving towards biodegradable polymeric stents that are able to degrade while not harming the implanted lesion and surrounding tissues. This review article is intended to expose the information on biodegradable polymeric stent specifically to the implementation of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and its variation as the polymeric materials.","PeriodicalId":168265,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Centered Technology","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125048466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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