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Ontology Theory, Management and Design 本体理论、管理与设计
Pub Date : 2010-03-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-61520-859-3.CH002
W. Jaziri, F. Gargouri
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引用次数: 35
Applications of Ontologies and Text Mining in the Biomedical Domain 本体和文本挖掘在生物医学领域的应用
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-61520-859-3.CH012
Antonio Jimeno-Yepes, Rafael Berlanga Llavori, D. Rebholz-Schuhmann
Ontologies represent domain knowledge that improves user interaction and interoperability between applications. In addition, ontologies deliver precious input to text mining techniques in the biomedical domain, which might improve the performance in different text mining tasks. This chapter will explore on the mutual benefits for ontologies and text mining techniques. Ontology development is a time consuming task. Most efforts are spent in the acquisition of terms that represent concepts in real life. This process can use the existing scientific literature and the World Wide Web. The identification of concept labels, i.e. terms, from these sources using text mining solutions improves ontology development since the literature resources make reference to existing terms and concepts. Furthermore, automatic text processing techniques profit from ontological resources in different tasks, for example in the disambiguation of terms and the enrichment of terminological resources for the text mining solution. One of the most important text mining tasks that exploits ontological resources consists of the mapping of concepts to terms in textual sources (e.g. named entity recognition, semantic indexing) and the expansion of queries in information retrieval. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-61520-859-3.ch012
本体表示领域知识,可以改进应用程序之间的用户交互和互操作性。此外,本体为生物医学领域的文本挖掘技术提供了宝贵的输入,这可能会提高不同文本挖掘任务的性能。本章将探讨本体和文本挖掘技术的相互好处。本体开发是一项耗时的任务。大部分的努力都花在获取代表现实生活中概念的术语上。这个过程可以利用现有的科学文献和万维网。使用文本挖掘解决方案从这些资源中识别概念标签,即术语,可以改善本体的开发,因为文献资源引用了现有的术语和概念。此外,自动文本处理技术从不同任务中的本体资源中获益,例如在术语消歧和丰富文本挖掘解决方案的术语资源方面。利用本体资源的最重要的文本挖掘任务之一是将概念映射到文本源中的术语(如命名实体识别、语义索引)和信息检索中的查询扩展。DOI: 10.4018 / 978 - 1 - 61520 - 859 - 3. - ch012
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引用次数: 4
Ontology Learning from Thesauri 从叙词表学习本体
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-61520-859-3.CH011
J. Nogueras-Iso, J. Lacasta, J. Teller, G. Falquet, J. Guyot
Ontology learning is the term used to encompass methods and tech- niques employed for the (semi-)automatic processing of knowledge resources that facilitate the acquisition of knowledge during ontology construction. This chapter focuses on ontology learning techniques using thesauri as input sources. Thesauri are one of the most promising sources for the creation of domain ontologies thanks to the richness of term definitions, the existence of a priori relationships be- tween terms, and the consensus provided by their extensive use in the library con- text. Apart from reviewing the state of the art, this chapter shows how ontology learning techniques can be applied in the urban domain for the development of domain ontologies.
本体学习是用于(半)自动化处理知识资源的方法和技术的术语,这些方法和技术有助于在本体构建过程中获取知识。本章重点介绍使用叙词表作为输入源的本体学习技术。由于术语定义的丰富性、术语之间先验关系的存在以及它们在图书馆上下文中的广泛使用所提供的一致性,同义词词典是创建领域本体最有前途的来源之一。除了回顾目前的技术状况外,本章还展示了如何将本体学习技术应用于城市领域,以开发领域本体。
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引用次数: 2
From Temporal Databases to Ontology Versioning 从时态数据库到本体版本控制
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-61520-859-3.CH010
Najla Sassi, Zouhaier Brahmia, W. Jaziri, R. Bouaziz
In computer science, several application areas are especially concerned with versioning such as software development, CAD/CAM applications, temporal databases and ontologies. Temporal databases support time-varying information and maintain the history of the modelled data (Jensen et al., 1998) (Özsoyoğlu et al., 1995) (Tansel et al., 1993). Versions of temporal data are kept along one or two time dimensions: valid time and transaction time (Jensen et al., 1998). The valid time concerns the time of the modelled real world and denotes the time a fact was, or will be true, whereas the transaction time is the one of the system and concerns the one during which the fact was or is current in the database as a stored data. AbsTRACT
在计算机科学中,有几个应用领域特别关注版本控制,如软件开发、CAD/CAM应用、时态数据库和本体。时态数据库支持时变信息并维护建模数据的历史(Jensen et al., 1998) (Özsoyoğlu et al., 1995) (Tansel et al., 1993)。时间数据的版本沿着一个或两个时间维度保存:有效时间和事务时间(Jensen et al., 1998)。有效时间与建模的真实世界的时间有关,表示事实过去为真或将为真的时间,而事务时间是系统的时间,与事实作为存储数据在数据库中是或当前的时间有关。摘要
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引用次数: 11
Ontologies in Computer Science 计算机科学中的本体
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-61520-859-3.CH001
Fabien L. Gandon
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引用次数: 27
Exceptions in Ontologies 本体中的异常
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-61520-859-3.CH003
C. Jouis, Julien Bourdaillet, Bassel Habib, J. Ganascia
This chapter is a contribution to the study of formal ontologies. It addresses the problem of atypical entities in ontologies. The authors propose a new model of knowledge representation by combining ontologies and topology. In order to represent atypical entities in ontologies, the four topological operators of interior, exterior, border and closure are introduced. These operators allow to specify whether an entity, belonging to a class, is typical or not. The authors define a system of topological inclusion and membership relations into the ontology formalism, by adapting the four topological operators with the help of their mathematical properties. These properties are used as a set of axioms which allows to define the topological inclusion and membership relations. Further, the authors define combinations of the operators of interior, exterior, border and closure that allow the construction of an algebra. They model is implemented in AnsProlog, a recent logic programming language that allows negative predicates in inference rules.
本章是对形式本体论研究的贡献。它解决了本体中非典型实体的问题。作者提出了一种将本体与拓扑相结合的知识表示模型。为了表示本体中的非典型实体,引入了内部、外部、边界和闭包四种拓扑算子。这些操作符允许指定属于类的实体是否典型。利用拓扑算子的数学性质,将拓扑包含和隶属关系系统定义为本体的形式体系。这些属性被用作一组公理,它允许定义拓扑包含和成员关系。进一步,作者定义了内部算子、外部算子、边界算子和闭包算子的组合,使代数的构造成为可能。他们的模型在AnsProlog中实现,AnsProlog是一种最新的逻辑编程语言,允许在推理规则中使用否定谓词。
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引用次数: 0
An Algebra of Ontology Properties for Service Discovery and Composition in Semantic Web 面向语义Web服务发现与组合的本体属性代数
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-61520-859-3.CH004
Y. Pollet
We address in this chapter the problem of the autom ated discovery and composition of Web Services. Now, Service-oriented computing is emergi ng as a new and promising paradigm. However, selection and composition of Services to a chieve an expected goal remain purely manual and time consuming tasks. Basing our approac h n domain concept definitions thanks to an Ontology, we develop here an algebraic approach that enables to express formal definitions of Web Service semantics as well as user information n eeds. Both are captured by the means of algebraic expressions of ontology properties. We pr esent an algorithm that generates efficient orchestration plans, with characteristics of optima l ty regarding Quality of Service. The approach has been validated by a prototype and an evaluation in the case of an Health Information System. INTRODUCTION The number of available Web data sources and servic es has exploded during the last years. This enables users to access rich information in many do mains such as health, life sciences, law, geography, and many other domain of interest. Thank s to this wealth, users rely more on various digital tasks such as data retrieval from both publ ic and corporate data sources and data analysis with Web tools or services organized in complex wor kfl ws [Gao, 2005, Kinsi,2007]. However, human users have to spend uncountable hours to expl r and discover Web resources that meet their requirements. In addition, in many cases, use rs n ed to compose a specific set of Web resources in order to fulfill a complex question. T his situation is mainly due to the inability of present standards in capturing Web Service semantic s, i.e. the precise meaning of what a given Web Service exactly delivers regarding a specific u ser context. Meanwhile, Service-oriented computing (SoC) is emer ging as a new and promising computing paradigm that centers on the notion of service as t he fundamental element for accessing heterogeneous, rich and distributed resources in an teroperable way [Roman, 2005]. Web services are self-describing components that support a rapid and significant reuse of distributed applications. They are offered by service providers , which procure service implementation and maintenance, and supply service descriptions. Servi ce descriptions are used to advertise service capabilities, behavior, Quality of Service, etc. (U DDI, WSDL, OWL-S). Service descriptions are meant to be used by other applications (and possibl y other services), and not only by humans. WSDL and UDDI are the basic standards used for Web Service capabilities descriptions and advertising. However, they focus on the description of interfaces and syntactic considerations. So, at present, the development of powerful applica tions on the Web is still facing two major problems. The first one is related to the increasin g difficulties of identifying services that
在本章中,我们将讨论Web服务的自动发现和组合问题。现在,面向服务的计算正在作为一种新的、有前途的范例出现。然而,为实现预期目标而选择和组合服务仍然是纯手工和耗时的任务。基于基于Ontology的领域概念定义的方法,我们在这里开发了一种代数方法,可以表示Web服务语义的正式定义以及用户信息的需求。两者都是通过本体属性的代数表达式来捕获的。提出了一种生成高效编排计划的算法,该算法在服务质量方面具有最优的特性。该方法已通过原型和卫生信息系统的评估得到验证。在过去几年中,可用的Web数据源和服务的数量呈爆炸式增长。这使用户能够访问许多主要领域的丰富信息,如健康、生命科学、法律、地理和许多其他感兴趣的领域。由于这一财富,用户更多地依赖于各种数字任务,例如从公共和企业数据源中检索数据,以及使用复杂工作流组织的Web工具或服务进行数据分析[Gao, 2005, Kinsi,2007]。然而,人类用户不得不花费数不清的时间来提取和发现满足他们需求的Web资源。此外,在许多情况下,为了解决一个复杂的问题,需要使用rs来组合一组特定的Web资源。这种情况主要是由于目前的标准无法捕获Web服务语义,即给定Web服务在特定用户上下文下准确传递的内容的精确含义。与此同时,面向服务的计算(SoC)作为一种新的、有前途的计算范式正在兴起,它以服务的概念为中心,作为以可互操作的方式访问异构、丰富和分布式资源的基本元素[Roman, 2005]。Web服务是自描述组件,支持分布式应用程序的快速和重要重用。它们由服务提供者提供,服务提供者获得服务实现和维护,并提供服务描述。服务描述用于宣传服务功能、行为、服务质量等(uddi、WSDL、OWL-S)。服务描述的目的是供其他应用程序(也可能是其他服务)使用,而不仅仅是供人类使用。WSDL和UDDI是用于Web服务功能描述和广告的基本标准。然而,它们侧重于接口的描述和语法考虑。因此,目前在Web上开发功能强大的应用程序还面临着两大问题。第一个问题与识别服务越来越困难有关
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引用次数: 2
Ontology Based Multimedia Indexing 基于本体的多媒体索引
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-61520-859-3.CH013
Mihaela Brut, F. Sèdes
The multimedia indexing and management is a very important issue in the actual context where various domains such as news gathering, TV, banks of resources for commercial or consumer applications, collaborative work, video surveillance are flooded by a huge amount of multimedia sources. The traditional multimedia indexation techniques are focused on the effective multimedia content processing, being mainly in charge with low-level multimedia features analysis. They could capture some information about the content description (such as shapes or faces recognition), but not in terms of high-level concepts (such as ontology or vocabulary concepts). The chapter is focused on possible solutions for the problem of bridging the “semantic gap” between low-level multimedia AbsTRACT
在新闻采集、电视、商业或消费应用资源库、协同工作、视频监控等各个领域中,大量的多媒体资源泛滥,多媒体的索引和管理是一个非常重要的问题。传统的多媒体索引技术侧重于有效的多媒体内容处理,主要负责底层的多媒体特征分析。它们可以捕获有关内容描述的一些信息(例如形状或面部识别),但不能捕获高级概念(例如本体或词汇概念)。本章的重点是可能的解决方案,以弥合“语义差距”的问题之间的低级多媒体抽象
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引用次数: 3
Approaches for Semantic Association Mining and Hidden Entities Extraction in Knowledge Base 知识库中语义关联挖掘和隐藏实体提取方法
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-61520-859-3.CH005
Thabet Slimani, B. B. Yaghlane, K. Mellouli
Due to the rapidly increasing use of information and communications technology, Semantic Web technology is being increasingly applied in a large spectrum of applications in which domain knowledge is represented by means of an ontology in order to support reasoning performed by a machine. A semantic association (SA) is a set of relationships between two entities in knowledge base represented as graph paths consisting of a sequence of links. Because the number of relationships between entities in a knowledge base might be much greater than the number of entities, it is recommended to develop tools and invent methods to discover new unexpected links and relevant semantic associations in the large store of the preliminary extracted semantic association. Semantic association mining is a rapidly growing field of research, which studies these issues in order to create efficient methods and tools to help us filter the overwhelming flow of information and extract the knowledge that reflect the user need. The authors present, in this work, an approach which allows the extraction of association rules (SWARM: Semantic Web Association Rule Mining) from a structured semantic association store. Then, present a new method which allows the discovery of relevant semantic associations between a preliminary extracted SA and predefined features, specified by user, with the use of Hyperclique Pattern (HP) approach. In addition, the authors present an approach which allows the extraction of hidden entities in knowledge base. The experimental results applied to synthetic and real world data show the benefit of the proposed methods and demonstrate their promising effectiveness. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-61520-859-3.ch005
由于信息和通信技术的快速发展,语义网技术正越来越多地应用于广泛的应用中,在这些应用中,领域知识通过本体来表示,以支持机器执行的推理。语义关联(SA)是知识库中两个实体之间的一组关系,表示为由一系列链接组成的图路径。由于知识库中实体之间的关系数量可能远远大于实体的数量,因此建议开发工具和发明方法,以便在初步提取的语义关联的大量存储中发现新的意外链接和相关的语义关联。语义关联挖掘是一个快速发展的研究领域,研究这些问题是为了创造有效的方法和工具来帮助我们过滤大量的信息流并提取反映用户需求的知识。在这项工作中,作者提出了一种允许从结构化语义关联存储中提取关联规则的方法(SWARM: Semantic Web association Rule Mining)。在此基础上,提出了一种利用超团模式(Hyperclique Pattern, HP)方法发现用户指定的SA和预定义特征之间相关语义关联的新方法。此外,作者还提出了一种从知识库中提取隐藏实体的方法。应用于合成数据和实际数据的实验结果表明了所提出方法的有效性。DOI: 10.4018 / 978 - 1 - 61520 - 859 - 3. - ch005
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引用次数: 4
Large Scale Matching Issues and Advances 大规模匹配问题和进展
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-61520-859-3.CH009
S. Sellami, A. Benharkat, Y. Amghar
Nowadays, the Information technology domains (semantic web, E-business, digital libraries, life science, etc) abound with a large variety of data (e.g. DB schemas, XML schemas, ontologies) and bring up a hard problem: the semantic heterogeneity. Matching techniques are called to overcome this challenge and attempts to align these data. In this chapter, the authors are interested in studying large scale matching approaches. They survey the techniques of large scale matching, when a large number of schemas/ontologies and attributes are involved. They attempt to cover a variety of techniques for schema matching called Pair-wise and Holistic, as well as a set of useful optimization techniques. They compare the different existing schema/ontology matching tools. One can acknowledge that this domain is on top of effervescence and large scale matching needs many more advances. Then the authors provide conclusions concerning important open issues and potential synergies of the technologies presented.
如今,信息技术领域(语义网、电子商务、数字图书馆、生命科学等)充斥着各种各样的数据(如DB模式、XML模式、本体),这就带来了一个难题:语义异构。需要使用匹配技术来克服这一挑战,并尝试对齐这些数据。在本章中,作者感兴趣的是研究大规模匹配方法。他们调查了涉及大量模式/本体和属性时的大规模匹配技术。它们试图涵盖各种模式匹配技术,称为成对匹配和整体匹配,以及一组有用的优化技术。它们比较了不同的现有模式/本体匹配工具。我们可以承认,这个领域是在泡沫之上的,大规模的匹配需要更多的进步。然后,作者就重要的开放问题和所提出的技术的潜在协同作用提供结论。
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引用次数: 1
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Ontology Theory, Management and Design
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