Pub Date : 2023-06-27DOI: 10.21743/pjaec/2023.06.02
Alireza Raygan Shirazi, Nejad Maryam Molaei, A. Jamshidi, Ghasem Hassani
The present study aims to investigate wastewater treatment of hormones by oak jaft and tea waste adsorbents. Various factors were used to evaluate the adsorption process, such as the initial pollutant concentration, adsorbent concentration, contact time, and pH. The results showed that both adsorbents, jaft, and tea waste, can adsorb 17β-estradiol. Maximum adsorption was 82.4% for jaft adsorbent and 81.5% for tea waste at 85 min, 7 g/L of adsorbent dose, and pH = 4.5, respectively. The adsorption equilibrium was performed using Langmuir, Freundlich, and Liu models, based on the results, Freundlich model with R2 values >0.97 demonstrated better agreement with the adsorption experimental data. To obtain information on adsorption velocity, three models of pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and Elovich were used. The findings revealed that the pseudo-second-order model with R2 > 0.98 is a better fit for the experimental data. Therefore, the jaft adsorbent and tea waste can be used as effective and economical adsorbents for the removal of organic pollutants in wastewater treatment plants.
{"title":"Removal of 17β-estradiol (E2) from Aqueous Solutions by Adsorption Using Oak Jaft and Tea Waste, Isotherm Investigation, and Adsorption Kinetics","authors":"Alireza Raygan Shirazi, Nejad Maryam Molaei, A. Jamshidi, Ghasem Hassani","doi":"10.21743/pjaec/2023.06.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21743/pjaec/2023.06.02","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aims to investigate wastewater treatment of hormones by oak jaft and tea waste adsorbents. Various factors were used to evaluate the adsorption process, such as the initial pollutant concentration, adsorbent concentration, contact time, and pH. The results showed that both adsorbents, jaft, and tea waste, can adsorb 17β-estradiol. Maximum adsorption was 82.4% for jaft adsorbent and 81.5% for tea waste at 85 min, 7 g/L of adsorbent dose, and pH = 4.5, respectively. The adsorption equilibrium was performed using Langmuir, Freundlich, and Liu models, based on the results, Freundlich model with R2 values >0.97 demonstrated better agreement with the adsorption experimental data. To obtain information on adsorption velocity, three models of pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and Elovich were used. The findings revealed that the pseudo-second-order model with R2 > 0.98 is a better fit for the experimental data. Therefore, the jaft adsorbent and tea waste can be used as effective and economical adsorbents for the removal of organic pollutants in wastewater treatment plants.","PeriodicalId":169509,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131847017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to investigate the removal efficiency of coffee husk and coffee ground adsorbents to adsorb lead(II), copper(II), and chromium(VI) from an aqueous solution. Standard lead nitrate, potassium dichromate, and copper chloride solutions were prepared following standard laboratory procedures. The residual metallic ion concentrations were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS). The experimental parameters such as pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage, agitation speed and initial concentration of selected metal ions were evaluated at different particle size fractions (>200 µm and 200 µm, the removal efficiency of coffee husk and coffee ground investigated were 93.2% and 96.06%, 97.2% and 83%, and 92.4% and 94.46% for lead(II), copper(II) and chromium(VI), respectively. The obtained results show that coffee husk and coffee ground adsorbents used in this study can serve as excellent bio-sorbent for efficiently removing selected heavy metals from the aqueous solutions.
{"title":"Coffee Husk and Coffee Ground as an Adsorbent for the Removal of Lead, Copper and Chromium from Aqueous Solution","authors":"Medhanit Tefera Yifira, Mesfin Bibiso Doda, Camerun Kastro Kanido","doi":"10.21743/pjaec/2023.06.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21743/pjaec/2023.06.10","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to investigate the removal efficiency of coffee husk and coffee ground adsorbents to adsorb lead(II), copper(II), and chromium(VI) from an aqueous solution. Standard lead nitrate, potassium dichromate, and copper chloride solutions were prepared following standard laboratory procedures. The residual metallic ion concentrations were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS). The experimental parameters such as pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage, agitation speed and initial concentration of selected metal ions were evaluated at different particle size fractions (>200 µm and 200 µm, the removal efficiency of coffee husk and coffee ground investigated were 93.2% and 96.06%, 97.2% and 83%, and 92.4% and 94.46% for lead(II), copper(II) and chromium(VI), respectively. The obtained results show that coffee husk and coffee ground adsorbents used in this study can serve as excellent bio-sorbent for efficiently removing selected heavy metals from the aqueous solutions.","PeriodicalId":169509,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121622336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-27DOI: 10.21743/pjaec/2023.06.09
L. Shar, S. Arain, G. Q. Shar
Vegetables are renowned for their nutritional value, as they are rich sources of dietary fiber, minerals, and vitamins offering a wide range of health benefits. They also possess antioxidative properties that contribute to overall well-being. The aim of this study was to evaluate the contamination of heavy metals like Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Nickel (Ni), and Zinc (Zn) in the agriculture soil and most frequently consumed vegetables including; Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas), Turnip (Brassica rapa), Onion (Allium cepa), Carrot (Daucus Carota), Garlic (Allium sativum), Radish (Raphanus sativus), Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera), Potato (Solanum tuberosum), Beetroot (Beta vulgaris), and Ginger (Zingiber officinale) collected from various sites of District Ghotki, Sindh. The agriculture soil and vegetable samples were digested, and heavy metal levels were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The Zn content was found higher in all vegetable samples. Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn concentrations were found within the permissible levels of the Food and Agriculture Organization and World Health Organization (WHO/FAO). However, the concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, and Ni were found higher than the permissible limit suggested by WHO/FAO. Hazard index (HI), target hazard quotient (THQ), daily intake of metals (DIM), and estimated daily exposure to heavy metals (EDEM) were also measure. The hazard index (HI) values of As for all the vegetable samples were greater than 1, indicating potential health risks to those consuming these vegetables.
{"title":"Assessment of Heavy Metal Contents and Their Risks in Vegetables Collected from District Ghotki, Sindh","authors":"L. Shar, S. Arain, G. Q. Shar","doi":"10.21743/pjaec/2023.06.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21743/pjaec/2023.06.09","url":null,"abstract":"Vegetables are renowned for their nutritional value, as they are rich sources of dietary fiber, minerals, and vitamins offering a wide range of health benefits. They also possess antioxidative properties that contribute to overall well-being. The aim of this study was to evaluate the contamination of heavy metals like Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Nickel (Ni), and Zinc (Zn) in the agriculture soil and most frequently consumed vegetables including; Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas), Turnip (Brassica rapa), Onion (Allium cepa), Carrot (Daucus Carota), Garlic (Allium sativum), Radish (Raphanus sativus), Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera), Potato (Solanum tuberosum), Beetroot (Beta vulgaris), and Ginger (Zingiber officinale) collected from various sites of District Ghotki, Sindh. The agriculture soil and vegetable samples were digested, and heavy metal levels were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The Zn content was found higher in all vegetable samples. Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn concentrations were found within the permissible levels of the Food and Agriculture Organization and World Health Organization (WHO/FAO). However, the concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, and Ni were found higher than the permissible limit suggested by WHO/FAO. Hazard index (HI), target hazard quotient (THQ), daily intake of metals (DIM), and estimated daily exposure to heavy metals (EDEM) were also measure. The hazard index (HI) values of As for all the vegetable samples were greater than 1, indicating potential health risks to those consuming these vegetables.","PeriodicalId":169509,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126832038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-27DOI: 10.21743/pjaec/2023.06.06
A. A. Alnedhary, Abdualqawi A. Numan, Mahfoudh M. AL - Hammadi, Taiseer H. Al - Hoded
Over the last two decades, numerous analytical methods for determining acrylamide concentration in a wide range of food products have been developed. Some studies focused on the methods of extracting acrylamide from complex food matrices. In the present study, solid Phase Extraction (SPE) and Gas Chromatography-Nitrogen Phosphorus Detector (GC-NPD) analysis were employed to develop a simple and cost-effective acrylamide determination method. Method validation and optimization steps were carried out and used to determine acrylamide concentrations in potato chips purchased from Yemeni markets. In the concentration range of 0.1- 5 ppm, the validated method demonstrated good sensitivity within a 0.012 ppm limit of detection (LOD) and an excellent linearity of 0.996 correlation coefficient. Eighteen samples of potato chips purchased from local markets in Sana'a, Yemen, were analyzed using this method. Three of the 18 samples of interest contained various acrylamide concentration levels of 879.4, 795.6, and 754.7 ppb. These were higher than the EU Commission's indicative value for the acrylamide in potato chips (750 ppb). As a result, the optimized GC-NPD protocol proved to be useful for the acrylamide analysis, paving the way for the development of an acrylamide quantification prescreening tool in the food industry.
{"title":"Optimization, Validation and Application of Quantitative Method for the Determination of Acrylamide in Potato Chips Samples in Yemen Using GC-NPD","authors":"A. A. Alnedhary, Abdualqawi A. Numan, Mahfoudh M. AL - Hammadi, Taiseer H. Al - Hoded","doi":"10.21743/pjaec/2023.06.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21743/pjaec/2023.06.06","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last two decades, numerous analytical methods for determining acrylamide concentration in a wide range of food products have been developed. Some studies focused on the methods of extracting acrylamide from complex food matrices. In the present study, solid Phase Extraction (SPE) and Gas Chromatography-Nitrogen Phosphorus Detector (GC-NPD) analysis were employed to develop a simple and cost-effective acrylamide determination method. Method validation and optimization steps were carried out and used to determine acrylamide concentrations in potato chips purchased from Yemeni markets. In the concentration range of 0.1- 5 ppm, the validated method demonstrated good sensitivity within a 0.012 ppm limit of detection (LOD) and an excellent linearity of 0.996 correlation coefficient. Eighteen samples of potato chips purchased from local markets in Sana'a, Yemen, were analyzed using this method. Three of the 18 samples of interest contained various acrylamide concentration levels of 879.4, 795.6, and 754.7 ppb. These were higher than the EU Commission's indicative value for the acrylamide in potato chips (750 ppb). As a result, the optimized GC-NPD protocol proved to be useful for the acrylamide analysis, paving the way for the development of an acrylamide quantification prescreening tool in the food industry.","PeriodicalId":169509,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130712999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-27DOI: 10.21743/pjaec/2023.06.05
Muhammad Dodo Jagirani, Xiaonan Shi, Fan Zhang, S. Khalighi - Sigaroodi, C. Zeng, Xiong Xiao, Li Wang, Faizan-ur-Rehman Qaiser, Guanxing Wang
Understanding the seasonal and spatial characteristics of suspended sediment load is extremely important for efficient water resource management. The characteristics of suspended sediment load reflect the soil erosion, transport, and deposition. The upper Indus basin is a single source of fresh water and hydropower generation for the surroundings and downstream areas with a population of millions approximately. Simultaneously, the water resources in this area are badly affected by the sedimentation. Therefore, the focus of this study is to evaluate the seasonal variation and spatial distribution of suspended sediment load and figure out their controlling factors by using hydrometeorological data series collected from WAPDA and PMD. Annual sediment load at four mainstream stations accounted for 34.0 at Kachura, 86.7 at Bunji Bridge, 75.7 at Shatial and 57.7 (Mt) at Besham, respectively. The high sediment loads were observed during the summer season, accounting for 77.4% at Kachura, 85.6% at Bunji Bridge, 73.7% at Shatialand 76% at Beshamand 92.9% at Shyok, 69.1% at Hunza, 47.9% at Gilgit and 57.0% at Astore tributary respectively. Conclusively, contrasting suspended sediment load variability was observed throughout the study area. The high values of sediment loads were observed during the summer season, especially occurred during June, July and August. This indicates that serious soil erosion occurred during these three months in the area. It is therefore, strongly recommended to reduce soil loss and launch soil conservating activities, forestation and professional development work in the area, which could play an effective role to extend the lifeline of proposed water resource projects, especially the Diamer Bhasha (an under-construction dam in the region).
{"title":"Seasonal and spatial characteristics of suspended sediment load and their controlling factors in the Upper Indus River Basin, Pakistan","authors":"Muhammad Dodo Jagirani, Xiaonan Shi, Fan Zhang, S. Khalighi - Sigaroodi, C. Zeng, Xiong Xiao, Li Wang, Faizan-ur-Rehman Qaiser, Guanxing Wang","doi":"10.21743/pjaec/2023.06.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21743/pjaec/2023.06.05","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the seasonal and spatial characteristics of suspended sediment load is extremely important for efficient water resource management. The characteristics of suspended sediment load reflect the soil erosion, transport, and deposition. The upper Indus basin is a single source of fresh water and hydropower generation for the surroundings and downstream areas with a population of millions approximately. Simultaneously, the water resources in this area are badly affected by the sedimentation. Therefore, the focus of this study is to evaluate the seasonal variation and spatial distribution of suspended sediment load and figure out their controlling factors by using hydrometeorological data series collected from WAPDA and PMD. Annual sediment load at four mainstream stations accounted for 34.0 at Kachura, 86.7 at Bunji Bridge, 75.7 at Shatial and 57.7 (Mt) at Besham, respectively. The high sediment loads were observed during the summer season, accounting for 77.4% at Kachura, 85.6% at Bunji Bridge, 73.7% at Shatialand 76% at Beshamand 92.9% at Shyok, 69.1% at Hunza, 47.9% at Gilgit and 57.0% at Astore tributary respectively. Conclusively, contrasting suspended sediment load variability was observed throughout the study area. The high values of sediment loads were observed during the summer season, especially occurred during June, July and August. This indicates that serious soil erosion occurred during these three months in the area. It is therefore, strongly recommended to reduce soil loss and launch soil conservating activities, forestation and professional development work in the area, which could play an effective role to extend the lifeline of proposed water resource projects, especially the Diamer Bhasha (an under-construction dam in the region).","PeriodicalId":169509,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117048161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-27DOI: 10.21743/pjaec/2023.06.01
Ruma Poddar, D. Bose, N. Nambiar, Sandeep Poddar
Plastic waste has become one of the biggest problems due to their excessive use. Decomposition of bioplastics is very difficult as a result its causes lot of negative impact to landfill and water pollution. The most possible solution to overcome this problem is to substitute synthetic polymeric materials with biodegradable materials suchas bioplastics. Food wastes can be transformed into environment friendly bioplastics, which will not only reduce environmental pollution due to natural fermentation of these wastes, but also generate National revenue besides generating employment potentials. These polymers can be degraded environmentally by microorganisms and water in compost piles. Application of Bioplastics has several advantages over conventional plastics such as lower carbon footprint and greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions, lower energy cost in manufacturing, reduction of permanent litter, and much safer to the environment. In food Industries, the need for high-standard storage features and the urge for packaging with high economic, low ecological impact, ease of customization, and low encumbrance can be answered by compostable or degradable bioplastics where kitchen waste may take essential role. Advancements in biomedical applications of bioplastics lead to the development of drug delivery systems and therapeutic devices for tissue engineering. Nanocellulose and its composites, which may be obtained from the processing of kitchen wastes, may result in potential and economical sources for green plastic studies about the fabrication of medical implants, either in dental, orthopedic, or biomedical fields.
{"title":"Bioplastics from Kitchen Wastes: A Developing Green Technology","authors":"Ruma Poddar, D. Bose, N. Nambiar, Sandeep Poddar","doi":"10.21743/pjaec/2023.06.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21743/pjaec/2023.06.01","url":null,"abstract":"Plastic waste has become one of the biggest problems due to their excessive use. Decomposition of bioplastics is very difficult as a result its causes lot of negative impact to landfill and water pollution. The most possible solution to overcome this problem is to substitute synthetic polymeric materials with biodegradable materials suchas bioplastics. Food wastes can be transformed into environment friendly bioplastics, which will not only reduce environmental pollution due to natural fermentation of these wastes, but also generate National revenue besides generating employment potentials. These polymers can be degraded environmentally by microorganisms and water in compost piles. Application of Bioplastics has several advantages over conventional plastics such as lower carbon footprint and greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions, lower energy cost in manufacturing, reduction of permanent litter, and much safer to the environment. In food Industries, the need for high-standard storage features and the urge for packaging with high economic, low ecological impact, ease of customization, and low encumbrance can be answered by compostable or degradable bioplastics where kitchen waste may take essential role. Advancements in biomedical applications of bioplastics lead to the development of drug delivery systems and therapeutic devices for tissue engineering. Nanocellulose and its composites, which may be obtained from the processing of kitchen wastes, may result in potential and economical sources for green plastic studies about the fabrication of medical implants, either in dental, orthopedic, or biomedical fields.","PeriodicalId":169509,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129218906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-27DOI: 10.21743/pjaec/2023.06.03
Farah Shamim, M. Raza, Syed Sultan Ali̇, S. Sarfraz, M. Riaz
Rice grain aroma is a promising quality factor that influence consumer acceptability. The principal volatile compound that contributes Basmati rice fragrance is 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP). Milled White rice samples of promising Basmati rice varieties (Super Basmati, Basmati-515, Basmati 2000, Basmati 370) were analyzed for fragrant volatile compounds by gas chromatography (GC) coupled with Solid Phase Micro Extraction unit (SPME) using Flame ionizing Detector (FID). Six volatile compounds (Nonanal, Decanal, and alcohols such as benzyl alcohol, Indole) were identified in the tested varieties, among them 2-AP is only present in aromatic rice varieties. This study confirmed the occurrence of 2-AP in all studied varieties with highest concentration in Super Basmati followed by Basmati-515, Basmati 2000 and Basmati 370.
{"title":"Aroma component analysis using HS/SPME-FID Gas Chromatograph in Basmati rice varieties of Punjab, Pakistan","authors":"Farah Shamim, M. Raza, Syed Sultan Ali̇, S. Sarfraz, M. Riaz","doi":"10.21743/pjaec/2023.06.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21743/pjaec/2023.06.03","url":null,"abstract":"Rice grain aroma is a promising quality factor that influence consumer acceptability. The principal volatile compound that contributes Basmati rice fragrance is 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP). Milled White rice samples of promising Basmati rice varieties (Super Basmati, Basmati-515, Basmati 2000, Basmati 370) were analyzed for fragrant volatile compounds by gas chromatography (GC) coupled with Solid Phase Micro Extraction unit (SPME) using Flame ionizing Detector (FID). Six volatile compounds (Nonanal, Decanal, and alcohols such as benzyl alcohol, Indole) were identified in the tested varieties, among them 2-AP is only present in aromatic rice varieties. This study confirmed the occurrence of 2-AP in all studied varieties with highest concentration in Super Basmati followed by Basmati-515, Basmati 2000 and Basmati 370.","PeriodicalId":169509,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133039432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-27DOI: 10.21743/pjaec/2023.06.08
Anis Kharul Nada Mohd Yusuf, S. Mustafar, M. L. Borines, Etty N. Kusumawati, Y. Juahir, N. M. Ali, Norhayati Hashi
Increasing developments on the application of copper complexes as dyes are due to their dual function in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) as redox mediators and dye sensitizers. The economical (abundance, low cost) and environmentally friendly properties of copper motivate researchers on the use of copper complexes for replacement of ruthenium-based dyes in solar cells. A novel [Cu(I)(2,9-dmp)(phen-dione)]PF6 (A2) bearing polypyridyl ligands, 1,10- phenanthroline-5,6-dione (phen-dione), 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (dmp) was prepared by metal complexation reaction. The photofunctionality of A2 as a promising photosensitizer in DSSCs was studied. Interestingly, A2 exhibited two absorption peaks, one is detected in the ultraviolet region due to pi-pi* transition and the other is a metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) band at 405nm in the visible region. A2 was compared to the same complex with Cu(II) ion as the metal centre which only absorbed light in the ultraviolet region thereby implying limited use of Cu(II) complex in its light harvesting application. The photofunctionality of A2 was studied by employing it as an active material for photoelectric conversion by engaging it with ITO to create a photoanode. Upon light irradiation, an anodic current was observed. In conclusion, introduction of Cu(I), instead of Cu(II), in polypridyls ligands resulted in successful enhancement of photophysical properties of A2, making the photoanode of A2 suitable for light harvesting applications.
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Photoanode by Immobilisation of Pyridyl Complexes on ITO for Photo-Conversion System","authors":"Anis Kharul Nada Mohd Yusuf, S. Mustafar, M. L. Borines, Etty N. Kusumawati, Y. Juahir, N. M. Ali, Norhayati Hashi","doi":"10.21743/pjaec/2023.06.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21743/pjaec/2023.06.08","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing developments on the application of copper complexes as dyes are due to their dual function in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) as redox mediators and dye sensitizers. The economical (abundance, low cost) and environmentally friendly properties of copper motivate researchers on the use of copper complexes for replacement of ruthenium-based dyes in solar cells. A novel [Cu(I)(2,9-dmp)(phen-dione)]PF6 (A2) bearing polypyridyl ligands, 1,10- phenanthroline-5,6-dione (phen-dione), 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (dmp) was prepared by metal complexation reaction. The photofunctionality of A2 as a promising photosensitizer in DSSCs was studied. Interestingly, A2 exhibited two absorption peaks, one is detected in the ultraviolet region due to pi-pi* transition and the other is a metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) band at 405nm in the visible region. A2 was compared to the same complex with Cu(II) ion as the metal centre which only absorbed light in the ultraviolet region thereby implying limited use of Cu(II) complex in its light harvesting application. The photofunctionality of A2 was studied by employing it as an active material for photoelectric conversion by engaging it with ITO to create a photoanode. Upon light irradiation, an anodic current was observed. In conclusion, introduction of Cu(I), instead of Cu(II), in polypridyls ligands resulted in successful enhancement of photophysical properties of A2, making the photoanode of A2 suitable for light harvesting applications.","PeriodicalId":169509,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry","volume":"251 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133529116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-27DOI: 10.21743/pjaec/2023.06.07
S. Anjum, Afroz Hussain Syeda, M. Jabeen, Ansa Madeeha Zafar, A. Shaheen, M. Arshad
Globally, water pollution is caused primarily by growing populations, urbanization, and modern agricultural techniques. In this study, freshwater samples were collected from Satluj river, Sindh river, and Arabian sea to assess water quality. A variety of physicochemical parameters were measured in these samples, including pH (7.5 to 8.4), color (variable), odor, turbidity (7 NTU to 18 NTU), taste (salty/bitter), total dissolved solids (182 mg/L to 34768 mg/L), total soluble solids (52 mg/L to 1244 mg/L), EC (109 µS/cm to 51488 µS/cm), total hardness/Ca+2+Mg+2 (25 mg/L to 125 mg/L), total alkalinity or CO3 -2 , HCO3 - (80 mg/L to 172 mg/L), exchangeable ions like Cl- (27 mg/L to 19742 mg/L), F- (0.3 mg/L to 1.29 mg/L), SO4 -2 (30 mg/L to 2974 mg/L), PO4 -3 (8 mg/L to 35 mg/L), NO2 -2 (18 mg/L to 43 mg/L), Mn+2 (0.0002 mg/L to 0.63 mg/L), Cu (0.0005 mg/L to 0.08 mg/L), Cd+2 (0.0005 mg/L to 0.88 mg/L), Cr+3 (0.003 mg/L to 0.32 mg/L), Zn+2 (0.001 mg/L to 2.72 mg/L), Fe+2 (0.01 mg/L to 0.9 mg/L), Ni+2 (0.002 mg/L to 0.23 mg/L), Na+ (15 mg/L to 10157 mg/L), K+ (4.4 mg/L to 379 mg/L), Ca+2 (20 mg/L to 380 mg/L), Mg+2 (5.4 mg/L to 1584 mg/L) tested by standard methods reported in Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) with little modifications. Most of the parameters studied in these water samples were beyond the National Environment Quality Standard of drinking water guidelines for seawater, but within acceptable limits for rivers. Consequently, these trends made seawater unfit for the survival of aquatic plants and marine life as well as for the people who use river water for domestic and agricultural purposes.
{"title":"Physiochemical Analysis of River Sutlej, Sindh and the Arabian Sea to Evaluate the Water Quality","authors":"S. Anjum, Afroz Hussain Syeda, M. Jabeen, Ansa Madeeha Zafar, A. Shaheen, M. Arshad","doi":"10.21743/pjaec/2023.06.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21743/pjaec/2023.06.07","url":null,"abstract":"Globally, water pollution is caused primarily by growing populations, urbanization, and modern agricultural techniques. In this study, freshwater samples were collected from Satluj river, Sindh river, and Arabian sea to assess water quality. A variety of physicochemical parameters were measured in these samples, including pH (7.5 to 8.4), color (variable), odor, turbidity (7 NTU to 18 NTU), taste (salty/bitter), total dissolved solids (182 mg/L to 34768 mg/L), total soluble solids (52 mg/L to 1244 mg/L), EC (109 µS/cm to 51488 µS/cm), total hardness/Ca+2+Mg+2 (25 mg/L to 125 mg/L), total alkalinity or CO3 -2 , HCO3 - (80 mg/L to 172 mg/L), exchangeable ions like Cl- (27 mg/L to 19742 mg/L), F- (0.3 mg/L to 1.29 mg/L), SO4 -2 (30 mg/L to 2974 mg/L), PO4 -3 (8 mg/L to 35 mg/L), NO2 -2 (18 mg/L to 43 mg/L), Mn+2 (0.0002 mg/L to 0.63 mg/L), Cu (0.0005 mg/L to 0.08 mg/L), Cd+2 (0.0005 mg/L to 0.88 mg/L), Cr+3 (0.003 mg/L to 0.32 mg/L), Zn+2 (0.001 mg/L to 2.72 mg/L), Fe+2 (0.01 mg/L to 0.9 mg/L), Ni+2 (0.002 mg/L to 0.23 mg/L), Na+ (15 mg/L to 10157 mg/L), K+ (4.4 mg/L to 379 mg/L), Ca+2 (20 mg/L to 380 mg/L), Mg+2 (5.4 mg/L to 1584 mg/L) tested by standard methods reported in Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) with little modifications. Most of the parameters studied in these water samples were beyond the National Environment Quality Standard of drinking water guidelines for seawater, but within acceptable limits for rivers. Consequently, these trends made seawater unfit for the survival of aquatic plants and marine life as well as for the people who use river water for domestic and agricultural purposes.","PeriodicalId":169509,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114273508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-27DOI: 10.21743/pjaec/2023.06.04
S. Şanlı, Seyfi Sardoğan, N. Şanlı
The aim of this study was to detect the presence of antibiotic residues in foods of animal origin, including 42 pieces of chicken gizzard and 46 pieces of bovine kidney and 102 chicken eggs belonging to various brands. These samples were gathered from December 2020 to April 2021 in the Aegean province of Turkey. A sensitive, simple, rapid, experimentally convenient and cost effective RP-LC method with high recovery output was developed. The method was thoroughly validated for the optimized parameters and produced satisfactory results. The analysis of bovine offal by the developed RP-LC method showed the presence of oxytetracycline, tetracycline, and chlortetracycline residues in 14 (30.43%) kidney samples. Chlortetracycline was detected in 7 (16.67%) chicken gizzard samples. In addition, the analysis of chicken eggs revealed the presence of oxytetracycline and tetracycline residues in nine egg samples (8.82%). Since, the amount of antibiotic residues in these samples was below the detection limit, quantification could not be carried out. Only one (0.98%) of the 102 egg samples exceeded the MRL (267.1 mg/kg) for oxytetracycline concentration. According to the study's overall findings, it is recommended that tetracycline antibiotics should be regularly checked in a variety of foods made from animals because they were found in 32 out of 190 analysed samples. Tetracycline residues may pose dangers to human health, so it's important to conduct further research and more information should be given for both producers and consumers.
{"title":"Monitoring of Tetracycline Group Antibiotic Residues in Various Food Products of Animal Origin in the Turkish Market","authors":"S. Şanlı, Seyfi Sardoğan, N. Şanlı","doi":"10.21743/pjaec/2023.06.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21743/pjaec/2023.06.04","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to detect the presence of antibiotic residues in foods of animal origin, including 42 pieces of chicken gizzard and 46 pieces of bovine kidney and 102 chicken eggs belonging to various brands. These samples were gathered from December 2020 to April 2021 in the Aegean province of Turkey. A sensitive, simple, rapid, experimentally convenient and cost effective RP-LC method with high recovery output was developed. The method was thoroughly validated for the optimized parameters and produced satisfactory results. The analysis of bovine offal by the developed RP-LC method showed the presence of oxytetracycline, tetracycline, and chlortetracycline residues in 14 (30.43%) kidney samples. Chlortetracycline was detected in 7 (16.67%) chicken gizzard samples. In addition, the analysis of chicken eggs revealed the presence of oxytetracycline and tetracycline residues in nine egg samples (8.82%). Since, the amount of antibiotic residues in these samples was below the detection limit, quantification could not be carried out. Only one (0.98%) of the 102 egg samples exceeded the MRL (267.1 mg/kg) for oxytetracycline concentration. According to the study's overall findings, it is recommended that tetracycline antibiotics should be regularly checked in a variety of foods made from animals because they were found in 32 out of 190 analysed samples. Tetracycline residues may pose dangers to human health, so it's important to conduct further research and more information should be given for both producers and consumers.","PeriodicalId":169509,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry","volume":"84 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121011111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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