Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2329-6887.1000263
Chau-Hui Wang, Chia-Yi Cheng, Chia-Hung Chen, W. Liao, Johnson Lin
A new nano-size drug carrier was proposed to overcome the shortcomings of conventional drug delivery systems. Amifsotine, a hydrophilic and extremely short half-life cytoprotective agent, was loaded based on chelating complex micelles (CCM) in order to provide the protection from radiation exposure. The preparation of amifostine-loaded CCM (CCM-Ami) was simply mixing ferrous chloride, poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly (glutamic acid) (PEG-b-PGA) and amifostine in an aqueous solution without using any organic solvent. The resulting CCM-Ami monodispersed with a mean particle size 25 nm and showed a slow release behavior as compared to amifostine. Furthermore, CCM-Ami pretreatment improved survival rates and median survival in C57BL/6 mice than did treatment with a corresponding dose of amifostine. These results point to a potential use of CCM as a novel drug carrier. Drug molecules that may act as ligands can be considered delivering by this platform technology.
{"title":"Chelating Complex Micelles for Delivering Cytoprotectant Amifostine and its Application in Radiation Protection","authors":"Chau-Hui Wang, Chia-Yi Cheng, Chia-Hung Chen, W. Liao, Johnson Lin","doi":"10.4172/2329-6887.1000263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6887.1000263","url":null,"abstract":"A new nano-size drug carrier was proposed to overcome the shortcomings of conventional drug delivery systems. Amifsotine, a hydrophilic and extremely short half-life cytoprotective agent, was loaded based on chelating complex micelles (CCM) in order to provide the protection from radiation exposure. The preparation of amifostine-loaded CCM (CCM-Ami) was simply mixing ferrous chloride, poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly (glutamic acid) (PEG-b-PGA) and amifostine in an aqueous solution without using any organic solvent. The resulting CCM-Ami monodispersed with a mean particle size 25 nm and showed a slow release behavior as compared to amifostine. Furthermore, CCM-Ami pretreatment improved survival rates and median survival in C57BL/6 mice than did treatment with a corresponding dose of amifostine. These results point to a potential use of CCM as a novel drug carrier. Drug molecules that may act as ligands can be considered delivering by this platform technology.","PeriodicalId":16958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacovigilance","volume":"238 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79421242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2329-6887.1000256
S. N., Ateendra Jha
Thousands of drugs are releasing into the market day by day in order to treat various diseases and to promote the health of growing population of India. But when they no longer needed their disposal become necessary because drug is a chemical and once it expires it will become a toxic agent. The people may have expired drugs, unused or unwanted medicines which may occur as a result of non-adherence, excessive storage of OTC medication or disuse of drugs. The USFDA initiated ‘drug take back programme’ to prevent the entry of these medication into environment. But in India drug take back programmer is not functional. The country is now facing the numerous problems due to improper drug disposal methods such as burning, flushing into toilet and throwing somewhere or into waste-basket which may lead to environmental contamination and pollution, contamination of water supplies and other local sources used by community and wildlife which will results in serious environmental and health hazards like toxicity, accidental poisoning and drug abuse, development of drug resistance problems and even death. Since the drug take back programme is not functional in the developing countries like India several cases of toxicity and accidental exposure are seen day by day. So an online survey was conducted in general population in order to check the knowledge of people regarding safe drug disposal system. From the data, 73% of 214 people are not aware of safe and effective disposal of drugs without causing any harmful effect to nature and public.
{"title":"Knowledge and Awareness Regarding Safe Drug Disposal System among General Population of India","authors":"S. N., Ateendra Jha","doi":"10.4172/2329-6887.1000256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6887.1000256","url":null,"abstract":"Thousands of drugs are releasing into the market day by day in order to treat various diseases and to promote the health of growing population of India. But when they no longer needed their disposal become necessary because drug is a chemical and once it expires it will become a toxic agent. The people may have expired drugs, unused or unwanted medicines which may occur as a result of non-adherence, excessive storage of OTC medication or disuse of drugs. The USFDA initiated ‘drug take back programme’ to prevent the entry of these medication into environment. But in India drug take back programmer is not functional. The country is now facing the numerous problems due to improper drug disposal methods such as burning, flushing into toilet and throwing somewhere or into waste-basket which may lead to environmental contamination and pollution, contamination of water supplies and other local sources used by community and wildlife which will results in serious environmental and health hazards like toxicity, accidental poisoning and drug abuse, development of drug resistance problems and even death. Since the drug take back programme is not functional in the developing countries like India several cases of toxicity and accidental exposure are seen day by day. So an online survey was conducted in general population in order to check the knowledge of people regarding safe drug disposal system. From the data, 73% of 214 people are not aware of safe and effective disposal of drugs without causing any harmful effect to nature and public.","PeriodicalId":16958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacovigilance","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79095287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2329-6887.1000271
Huong Ld, Ng Lp, Nguyen Hx
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between radiotherapy and Eustachian tube dysfunction, and to investigate the efficacy of treatments by tympanostomy and grommet insertion. Methods: Patients with head and neck cancer (148 patients) were treated by three–dimensional radiotherapy in the Center of Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Military Medical 103 Hospital from February 2014 to April 2016. All patients underwent an ear examination (otoscopy), audiometry, and tympanometry test. Those who developed otitis media with effusion and tympanosclerosis were then treated by tympanostomy or myringotomy. Results: The most common complication after the radiotherapy was found to be Eustachian tube dysfunction, especially otitis media with effusion and tympanosclerosis. Thus, carefully examining and closely monitoring need to be performed to detect patients with secondary middle-ear damages, to successfully cure post-radiotherapy otitis media with effusion, and to minimize possible injury to the middle ear and Eustachian tube. Also, tympanostomy and myringotomy were reported to be the preferable treatments due to their simplicity, high quality, and patients’ compliance. Conclusion: Eustachian tube dysfunction after radiotherapy treatment was the cause for otitis media with effusion and tympanosclerosis. Furthermore, tympanostomy and grommet insertion were convenient, efficient, and desirable treatments for secondary middle-ear damages in patients with head and neck cancer.
{"title":"Secondary Middle-ear Damages in Patients with Head and Neck Cancerafter Radiotherapy","authors":"Huong Ld, Ng Lp, Nguyen Hx","doi":"10.4172/2329-6887.1000271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6887.1000271","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between radiotherapy and Eustachian tube dysfunction, and to investigate the efficacy of treatments by tympanostomy and grommet insertion. Methods: Patients with head and neck cancer (148 patients) were treated by three–dimensional radiotherapy in the Center of Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Military Medical 103 Hospital from February 2014 to April 2016. All patients underwent an ear examination (otoscopy), audiometry, and tympanometry test. Those who developed otitis media with effusion and tympanosclerosis were then treated by tympanostomy or myringotomy. Results: The most common complication after the radiotherapy was found to be Eustachian tube dysfunction, especially otitis media with effusion and tympanosclerosis. Thus, carefully examining and closely monitoring need to be performed to detect patients with secondary middle-ear damages, to successfully cure post-radiotherapy otitis media with effusion, and to minimize possible injury to the middle ear and Eustachian tube. Also, tympanostomy and myringotomy were reported to be the preferable treatments due to their simplicity, high quality, and patients’ compliance. Conclusion: Eustachian tube dysfunction after radiotherapy treatment was the cause for otitis media with effusion and tympanosclerosis. Furthermore, tympanostomy and grommet insertion were convenient, efficient, and desirable treatments for secondary middle-ear damages in patients with head and neck cancer.","PeriodicalId":16958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacovigilance","volume":"46 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84065326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2329-6887.1000258
N. Kawaguchi, K. Nakatani, A. Uzawa, Y. Nemoto, K. Himuro, S. Kuwabara
Objectives: To evaluate the influences of polymorphisms of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A5 (A6986G, CYP3A5*3) on serum levels of tacrolimus and cyclosporine (CyA) in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG). Methods: This study included 74 MG patients treated with tacrolimus (n=65) or CyA (n=22). Genomic DNA was extracted and amplified with specific primers, and CYP3A5 alleles were confirmed by direct sequencing of PCR products on an automated AB13100 DNA sequencer. We measured blood trough level (C0) of tacrolimus and CyA. Clinical disabilities were evaluated with the MG-ADL scale. Results: For tacrolimus C0, the CYP3A5*3/*3 genotype was associated with higher levels than the CYP3A5*1/*3 genotypes (7.1 ng/ml versus 2.9 ng/ml; P<0.0001) and CYP3A*1/*1 (7.1 ng/ml versus 1.3 ng/ml; P<0.0004). The improvement in the mean MG-ADL scores tended to be better in MG patients with the CYP3A5*3/*3 or CYP3A5*1/*3 than those with CYP3A5*1/*1. For the CyA concentrations, CYP3A5 genotypes did not have significant effects. Conclusion: In MG patients, CYP3A5 polymorphism significantly affects serum levels of tacrolimus and thereby treatment effects, but not those of CyA. The maintenance dose of tacrolimus should be determined considering CYP3A5 polymorphism.
目的:探讨细胞色素P450 (CYP) 3A5 (A6986G, CYP3A5*3)多态性对重症肌无力(MG)患者血清他克莫司和环孢素(CyA)水平的影响。方法:74例MG患者接受他克莫司(65例)或CyA(22例)治疗。提取基因组DNA，用特异性引物扩增，在自动AB13100 DNA测序仪上对PCR产物进行直接测序，确认CYP3A5等位基因。测定他克莫司和CyA血谷水平(C0)。采用MG-ADL量表评估临床残疾。结果:对于他克莫司C0, CYP3A5*3/*3基因型与CYP3A5*1/*3基因型的相关性高于CYP3A5*1/*3基因型(7.1 ng/ml vs 2.9 ng/ml;P<0.0001)和CYP3A*1/*1 (7.1 ng/ml vs 1.3 ng/ml;P < 0.0004)。CYP3A5*3/*3或CYP3A5*1/*3的MG患者MG- adl平均评分的改善往往比CYP3A5*1/*1的MG患者更好。对于CyA浓度，CYP3A5基因型无显著影响。结论:在MG患者中，CYP3A5多态性显著影响他克莫司的血清水平从而影响治疗效果，但对CyA无显著影响。他克莫司维持剂量的确定应考虑CYP3A5多态性。
{"title":"Polymorphisms of CYP3A5 Affect Serum Levels and Maintenance Doses of Tacrolimus in Myasthenia Gravis Patients","authors":"N. Kawaguchi, K. Nakatani, A. Uzawa, Y. Nemoto, K. Himuro, S. Kuwabara","doi":"10.4172/2329-6887.1000258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6887.1000258","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To evaluate the influences of polymorphisms of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A5 (A6986G, CYP3A5*3) on serum levels of tacrolimus and cyclosporine (CyA) in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG). Methods: This study included 74 MG patients treated with tacrolimus (n=65) or CyA (n=22). Genomic DNA was extracted and amplified with specific primers, and CYP3A5 alleles were confirmed by direct sequencing of PCR products on an automated AB13100 DNA sequencer. We measured blood trough level (C0) of tacrolimus and CyA. Clinical disabilities were evaluated with the MG-ADL scale. Results: For tacrolimus C0, the CYP3A5*3/*3 genotype was associated with higher levels than the CYP3A5*1/*3 genotypes (7.1 ng/ml versus 2.9 ng/ml; P<0.0001) and CYP3A*1/*1 (7.1 ng/ml versus 1.3 ng/ml; P<0.0004). The improvement in the mean MG-ADL scores tended to be better in MG patients with the CYP3A5*3/*3 or CYP3A5*1/*3 than those with CYP3A5*1/*1. For the CyA concentrations, CYP3A5 genotypes did not have significant effects. Conclusion: In MG patients, CYP3A5 polymorphism significantly affects serum levels of tacrolimus and thereby treatment effects, but not those of CyA. The maintenance dose of tacrolimus should be determined considering CYP3A5 polymorphism.","PeriodicalId":16958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacovigilance","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84195231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2329-6887.1000259
Prashant N. Amale, S. Deshpande, Nakhate Yd, Arsod Na
Clinical trial study of drug generally detects common Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) but, the reaction which occurs after long duration in a specific person or population remains undetected. Pharmacovigilance (PV) is a scientific activity which keeps constant watch on the drug throughout its life cycle. In India, Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission (IPC) and National Coordination Committee (NCC) through the Central Drug Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) cordially regulate the PV activity. To build a potential PV system in India, Pharmacovilance Program of India (PvPI) have been proposed and implemented by the Indian government in 2010. The accurate detection and reporting of ADR is a heart of this system. Hence various regional, zonal and peripheral centres have been proposed for the smooth and effective reporting of ADR. Anyone can report ADR by filling the suspect ADR reporting form available online or offline to the nearest centre in suitable language. Considering Indian geographical distribution, huge population and mobile network connectivity, a toll free number and the mobile app is also provided for timely and effective reporting of ADR. The reported ADRs are collected and processed at the centres in Vigi-flow software. These centres detect signal which are reported to CDSCO and World Health Organisation (WHO) for the further regulatory action. CDSCO-WHO communicates their decision through a suitable media for the betterment of public health.
{"title":"Pharmacovigilance Process in India: An overview","authors":"Prashant N. Amale, S. Deshpande, Nakhate Yd, Arsod Na","doi":"10.4172/2329-6887.1000259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6887.1000259","url":null,"abstract":"Clinical trial study of drug generally detects common Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) but, the reaction which occurs after long duration in a specific person or population remains undetected. Pharmacovigilance (PV) is a scientific activity which keeps constant watch on the drug throughout its life cycle. In India, Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission (IPC) and National Coordination Committee (NCC) through the Central Drug Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) cordially regulate the PV activity. To build a potential PV system in India, Pharmacovilance Program of India (PvPI) have been proposed and implemented by the Indian government in 2010. The accurate detection and reporting of ADR is a heart of this system. Hence various regional, zonal and peripheral centres have been proposed for the smooth and effective reporting of ADR. Anyone can report ADR by filling the suspect ADR reporting form available online or offline to the nearest centre in suitable language. Considering Indian geographical distribution, huge population and mobile network connectivity, a toll free number and the mobile app is also provided for timely and effective reporting of ADR. The reported ADRs are collected and processed at the centres in Vigi-flow software. These centres detect signal which are reported to CDSCO and World Health Organisation (WHO) for the further regulatory action. CDSCO-WHO communicates their decision through a suitable media for the betterment of public health.","PeriodicalId":16958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacovigilance","volume":"28 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84513543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-09DOI: 10.4172/2329-6887.1000249
A. Allabi, E. Klikpo, Lonmandon Sc, Tognide Cm
Background: Data on adverse drug reactions (ADRs) related to neuroleptics and benzodiazepines in sub- Saharan Africa psychiatry setting are few indicating the need for psychotropic drugs safety surveillance in clinical care.Objective: To determine profile of the drugs prescribed, incidence, type and risk factors associated with adverse drug reactions (ADRs) among patients on neuroleptics and benzodiazepines.Methods: Patients initiated on neuroleptics and/or benzodiazepines between March 2014 and September 2014 were evaluated in a prospective cohort analysis. Prospective study of active pharmacovigilance during six months was performed. Each patient was followed for two months. The French method was used to determine the causality assessment.Results: 86 inpatients or outpatients were enrolled. 65.12% experienced a side event (SE). Among them, 22.09% had insomnia, 17.44%, drowsiness; 5.81%, dyskinesia; 4.65%, an appetite increase and 4.65%, headaches. The percentages of patients with 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 side events were 39.28%, 41.07%, 8.92%, 7.14% and 3.57% of the 65.12% respectively. The average number of side events per patient was similar in hospitalized patients and in those treated ambulatory (1.97 vs. 1.92). The causality assessment of the side events to the drugs prescribed to each patient is predominantly doubtful (52.29%). It is likely in 44.95%, very likely in only 1.83% of the cases and plausible in 0.92% of the patients. All SEs occurred during the first month, most during the first week. The management of adverse drugs reactions led to drug doses reduction only in 23% of the cases while responsible drugs were stopped in 5.77% of the cases.Conclusion: The relatively high frequency of typical antipsychotics of use and low daily dose of benzodiazepine among our patients merit further investigation and systematic efficacy and safety monitoring. Typical antipsychotics should be made more available and monotherapies should be encouraged. The pharmacovigilance should be developed in the country by installing a National Center and by training health professionals.
背景:撒哈拉以南非洲精神病学环境中与抗精神病药和苯二氮卓类药物相关的药物不良反应(adr)数据很少，表明在临床护理中需要对精神药物安全性进行监测。目的:了解抗精神病药与苯二氮卓类药物患者的处方、不良反应发生率、类型及相关危险因素。方法:对2014年3月至2014年9月间开始服用抗精神病药物和/或苯二氮卓类药物的患者进行前瞻性队列分析。前瞻性研究主动药物警戒6个月。每位患者随访两个月。采用法国法确定因果关系评价。结果:共纳入住院和门诊患者86例。65.12%的患者出现过副事件(SE)。其中失眠22.09%，嗜睡17.44%;5.81%,运动障碍;4.65%，食欲增加，4.65%，头痛。在65.12%的患者中，1、2、3、4、5级副反应患者的比例分别为39.28%、41.07%、8.92%、7.14%和3.57%。住院患者和门诊患者的平均副反应次数相似(1.97 vs 1.92)。对每位患者所开药物的副作用的因果关系评估主要是可疑的(52.29%)。可能为44.95%，非常可能仅为1.83%，可能为0.92%。所有se发生在第一个月，大多数发生在第一周。药物不良反应管理导致减少用药剂量的病例仅占23%，而停用责任药物的病例占5.77%。结论:本组患者典型抗精神病药物的使用频率较高，而苯二氮卓类药物的日剂量较低，值得进一步调查，并进行系统的疗效和安全性监测。应提供更多典型的抗精神病药物，并应鼓励单一疗法。应通过设立国家中心和培训卫生专业人员，在该国发展药物警戒。
{"title":"Pharmacovigilance of Neuroleptics and Benzodiazepines in the Psychiatric Teaching Hospital of Benin Republic","authors":"A. Allabi, E. Klikpo, Lonmandon Sc, Tognide Cm","doi":"10.4172/2329-6887.1000249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6887.1000249","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Data on adverse drug reactions (ADRs) related to neuroleptics and benzodiazepines in sub- Saharan Africa psychiatry setting are few indicating the need for psychotropic drugs safety surveillance in clinical care.Objective: To determine profile of the drugs prescribed, incidence, type and risk factors associated with adverse drug reactions (ADRs) among patients on neuroleptics and benzodiazepines.Methods: Patients initiated on neuroleptics and/or benzodiazepines between March 2014 and September 2014 were evaluated in a prospective cohort analysis. Prospective study of active pharmacovigilance during six months was performed. Each patient was followed for two months. The French method was used to determine the causality assessment.Results: 86 inpatients or outpatients were enrolled. 65.12% experienced a side event (SE). Among them, 22.09% had insomnia, 17.44%, drowsiness; 5.81%, dyskinesia; 4.65%, an appetite increase and 4.65%, headaches. The percentages of patients with 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 side events were 39.28%, 41.07%, 8.92%, 7.14% and 3.57% of the 65.12% respectively. The average number of side events per patient was similar in hospitalized patients and in those treated ambulatory (1.97 vs. 1.92). The causality assessment of the side events to the drugs prescribed to each patient is predominantly doubtful (52.29%). It is likely in 44.95%, very likely in only 1.83% of the cases and plausible in 0.92% of the patients. All SEs occurred during the first month, most during the first week. The management of adverse drugs reactions led to drug doses reduction only in 23% of the cases while responsible drugs were stopped in 5.77% of the cases.Conclusion: The relatively high frequency of typical antipsychotics of use and low daily dose of benzodiazepine among our patients merit further investigation and systematic efficacy and safety monitoring. Typical antipsychotics should be made more available and monotherapies should be encouraged. The pharmacovigilance should be developed in the country by installing a National Center and by training health professionals.","PeriodicalId":16958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacovigilance","volume":"32 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87333710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-06DOI: 10.4172/2329-6887.1000248
A. af, A. Alnatsheh, M. Aseeri, T. Alfayea
Objective: First, to determine the appropriate prescribing of granulocyte colony-stimulating factors (G-CSFs) for febrile neutropenia (FN) as primary prophylaxis during the first cycle of chemotherapy in breast, lung, gastric, esophageal, nasopharyngeal or colorectal cancer patients. Second, to compare the incidence of FN between patients who received G-CSF appropriately and inappropriately. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study conducted at the Princess Norah bint Abdulrahman Al Faisal Oncology Center. We used cancer registry report which included adult patients with newly diagnosed solid tumors, such as breast, lung, gastric, esophageal, nasopharyngeal and colorectal cancer between January 2013 and December 2013. Patients were excluded if they did not receive chemotherapy after diagnosis and had renal or liver impairment. The appropriate indication of G-CSFs for FN primary prophylaxis was evaluated based on the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines and published data. Results: G-CSFs were appropriately prescribed as primary prophylaxis in 85% of patients. The incidence of FN between the appropriate and inappropriate groups were not statistically significant (p=0.315). However, G-CSF use was inappropriate in 28 of the 29 patients who received chemotherapy regimens with high risk of developing FN; among these patients only three patients developed FN. Conclusion: The prescribing of G-CSFs for FN primary prophylaxis at our institution was found to be inappropriate on some occasions; mostly when G-CSFs were not prescribed with regimens associated with high risk of FN.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Use of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factors (G-CSFs) for Neutropenia Primary Prophylaxis in Solid Tumors at a Tertiary Care Hospital, Retrospective Study","authors":"A. af, A. Alnatsheh, M. Aseeri, T. Alfayea","doi":"10.4172/2329-6887.1000248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6887.1000248","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: First, to determine the appropriate prescribing of granulocyte colony-stimulating factors (G-CSFs) for febrile neutropenia (FN) as primary prophylaxis during the first cycle of chemotherapy in breast, lung, gastric, esophageal, nasopharyngeal or colorectal cancer patients. Second, to compare the incidence of FN between patients who received G-CSF appropriately and inappropriately. \u0000Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study conducted at the Princess Norah bint Abdulrahman Al Faisal Oncology Center. We used cancer registry report which included adult patients with newly diagnosed solid tumors, such as breast, lung, gastric, esophageal, nasopharyngeal and colorectal cancer between January 2013 and December 2013. Patients were excluded if they did not receive chemotherapy after diagnosis and had renal or liver impairment. The appropriate indication of G-CSFs for FN primary prophylaxis was evaluated based on the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines and published data. \u0000Results: G-CSFs were appropriately prescribed as primary prophylaxis in 85% of patients. The incidence of FN between the appropriate and inappropriate groups were not statistically significant (p=0.315). However, G-CSF use was inappropriate in 28 of the 29 patients who received chemotherapy regimens with high risk of developing FN; among these patients only three patients developed FN. \u0000Conclusion: The prescribing of G-CSFs for FN primary prophylaxis at our institution was found to be inappropriate on some occasions; mostly when G-CSFs were not prescribed with regimens associated with high risk of FN.","PeriodicalId":16958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacovigilance","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91142613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-27DOI: 10.4172/2329-6887.1000244
M. Fentahun, B. AyeleYilkal, N. Amsalu, A. Alemayehu, G. Amsalu
Antibacterial activity evaluation and Phytochemical Analysis of aqueous, chloroform, methanol and ethanol crude extracts of thirteen medicinal plants species that were selected based on ethno botanical information on their traditional use were tested for treatment of enteric disease in Gozamin District. The study has been carried out from January 5, 2014 to February 15, 2015. All of these plants were extracted following standard methods (Soaking extraction method and agar-well diffusion) to screen of potential anti-microbial substance. All crude extracts of those medicinal plants were tested against standard reference strains including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella sonnei, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhimurium. The highest antibacterial activity (17 mm) was observed from chloroform leaf extract of Eucalyptus globules against E. coli and leaf extract of Verbena officinalis (13.6 mm) extract against Shigella sonnei, followed by methanol leaf extract of Cordia africana (12.8 mm) against E. coli. More over Eucalyptus globules was positive for all bioactive compounds tested except saponins and Verbena officinalis was positive for all bioactive ingredients tested except alkaloids. In general extracts of Eucalyptus globules leaves exhibited the highest potency against E. coli and extract Verbena officinalis showed highest potency against Shigella sonnei. Thus, this study confirmed the alternative sources of medicine for pathogenic enteric bacteria tested.
{"title":"Antibacterial Evaluation and Phytochemical Analysis of Selected Medicinal Plants against Some Pathogenic Enteric Bacteria in Gozamin District, Ethiopia","authors":"M. Fentahun, B. AyeleYilkal, N. Amsalu, A. Alemayehu, G. Amsalu","doi":"10.4172/2329-6887.1000244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6887.1000244","url":null,"abstract":"Antibacterial activity evaluation and Phytochemical Analysis of aqueous, chloroform, methanol and ethanol crude extracts of thirteen medicinal plants species that were selected based on ethno botanical information on their traditional use were tested for treatment of enteric disease in Gozamin District. The study has been carried out from January 5, 2014 to February 15, 2015. All of these plants were extracted following standard methods (Soaking extraction method and agar-well diffusion) to screen of potential anti-microbial substance. All crude extracts of those medicinal plants were tested against standard reference strains including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella sonnei, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhimurium. The highest antibacterial activity (17 mm) was observed from chloroform leaf extract of Eucalyptus globules against E. coli and leaf extract of Verbena officinalis (13.6 mm) extract against Shigella sonnei, followed by methanol leaf extract of Cordia africana (12.8 mm) against E. coli. More over Eucalyptus globules was positive for all bioactive compounds tested except saponins and Verbena officinalis was positive for all bioactive ingredients tested except alkaloids. In general extracts of Eucalyptus globules leaves exhibited the highest potency against E. coli and extract Verbena officinalis showed highest potency against Shigella sonnei. Thus, this study confirmed the alternative sources of medicine for pathogenic enteric bacteria tested.","PeriodicalId":16958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacovigilance","volume":"35 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74802677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-18DOI: 10.4172/2329-6887-C1-030
Ahmed Al Harthi
{"title":"Audit on medicine information centre queries and adverse drug reaction reporting","authors":"Ahmed Al Harthi","doi":"10.4172/2329-6887-C1-030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6887-C1-030","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacovigilance","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89128786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-05DOI: 10.4172/2329-6887.1000241
A. R. Yacob, A. Mohmedahmed
Objective: To modify two Sudanese clays, called Jourdiqua and Jabbalmarra, with different loading of HCl, 0.1 M, 0.2 M, 0.3 M, 0.4 M, 0.5 M and 1.00 M in order to increase their catalytic activities and then used in methanolysis of castor oil. Methods/Statistical analysis: Both raw and modified clay samples were used as catalysts under reaction conditions; 5wt% of catalyst to oil, molar ratio of methanol to oil of 27:1, 4 h reaction time and temperature of 67°C. The unmodified and modified clay samples were characterized by, thermogravimetric analysis-differential thermogravimetric (TGA-DTG), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), inductively coupled plasma-emission spectroscopy (ICP-ES), atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) and field electron scanning emission microscopy (FESEM). Finding: Application/Improvement: BET analysis showed increase in specific surface area for both Jourdiqua and Jabbalmarra clays. Elemental analysis by ICP-ES showed decrease content in elements of Al, Mg, Na and K for both clays, due to the acid leaching. The biodiesel conversion was monitored using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. An increase in conversion was observed for Jourdiqua clay from 51% to 90% when treated with 0.5 M HCl, the optimized concentration for the modification, while for Jabbalmarra 22.5% conversion was obtained with raw clay and after modification gave conversion of 82% in reaction conditions of temperature 65°C, reaction time of 4 h, molar ratio of methanol to oil of 18:1 and catalyst loading of 9%. It was observed that acid modification with 0.5 M HCl have improved tremendously the catalytic capability of the raw clays.
目的:以0.1 M、0.2 M、0.3 M、0.4 M、0.5 M和1.00 M不同的HCl负荷对两种苏丹粘土Jourdiqua和Jabbalmarra进行改性，以提高其催化活性，并将其用于蓖麻油的甲醇分解。方法/统计分析:在反应条件下，原料和改性粘土样品均作为催化剂;5wt%的催化剂与油，甲醇与油的摩尔比为27:1，反应时间为4 h，温度为67℃。采用热重分析-差热重(TGA-DTG)、布鲁诺尔-埃米特-泰勒(BET)、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-ES)、原子吸收光谱(AAS)、x射线粉末衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)和场电子扫描发射显微镜(FESEM)对未改性和改性的粘土样品进行了表征。发现:应用/改进:BET分析显示Jourdiqua和Jabbalmarra粘土的比表面积都有所增加。ICP-ES元素分析表明，两种黏土中Al、Mg、Na和K元素含量均因酸浸而降低。采用核磁共振(NMR)技术对生物柴油的转化过程进行了监测。改性最佳浓度为0.5 M HCl时，Jourdiqua粘土的转化率从51%提高到90%，而Jabbalmarra的转化率为22.5%，改性后的转化率为82%，反应温度为65℃，反应时间为4 h，甲醇与油的摩尔比为18:1，催化剂负载为9%。结果表明，0.5 M HCl的酸改性大大提高了原料粘土的催化性能。
{"title":"Sudanese Clays for Heterogenous Methanolysis of Castor Oil","authors":"A. R. Yacob, A. Mohmedahmed","doi":"10.4172/2329-6887.1000241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6887.1000241","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To modify two Sudanese clays, called Jourdiqua and Jabbalmarra, with different loading of HCl, 0.1 M, 0.2 M, 0.3 M, 0.4 M, 0.5 M and 1.00 M in order to increase their catalytic activities and then used in methanolysis of castor oil. Methods/Statistical analysis: Both raw and modified clay samples were used as catalysts under reaction conditions; 5wt% of catalyst to oil, molar ratio of methanol to oil of 27:1, 4 h reaction time and temperature of 67°C. The unmodified and modified clay samples were characterized by, thermogravimetric analysis-differential thermogravimetric (TGA-DTG), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), inductively coupled plasma-emission spectroscopy (ICP-ES), atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) and field electron scanning emission microscopy (FESEM). Finding: Application/Improvement: BET analysis showed increase in specific surface area for both Jourdiqua and Jabbalmarra clays. Elemental analysis by ICP-ES showed decrease content in elements of Al, Mg, Na and K for both clays, due to the acid leaching. The biodiesel conversion was monitored using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. An increase in conversion was observed for Jourdiqua clay from 51% to 90% when treated with 0.5 M HCl, the optimized concentration for the modification, while for Jabbalmarra 22.5% conversion was obtained with raw clay and after modification gave conversion of 82% in reaction conditions of temperature 65°C, reaction time of 4 h, molar ratio of methanol to oil of 18:1 and catalyst loading of 9%. It was observed that acid modification with 0.5 M HCl have improved tremendously the catalytic capability of the raw clays.","PeriodicalId":16958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacovigilance","volume":"2 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78685534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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