Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.21608/ijesr.2023.329365
Nourhan Galal, Laila Bidak, Sania Kamal, S. Toto
Global climate change is considered the largest threat to the natural environment. To understand Earth's fundamental climate changes. We must look back for millions of years, without humans, climate altered between glacial and interglacial periods, and thus sea levels rise. Some places are already more vulnerable to climate change impacts, such as the coastal areas, as the rising sea level will increase the risk of flooding and erosion around the coasts affecting the distribution of species, and the dynamics of communities. Quick disperser species such as halophytes appear to be capable of long-distance jumps in the wake of climate change. Accordingly, halophytic plant dispersal to keep up with climate change captured our attention. A vegetation survey was done to assess the ecological situation and the movement of extreme halophytic plant species between spatial locations along the study area. Fifty-four sites were selected to represent the variations in vegetation structure along the salinity gradient. As, the measurement of plant dispersal is vital for understanding plant distribution between different spatial locations, providing an effective model of plant dispersal, and predicting future plant distribution and assemblages.
{"title":"Halophytes Dispersion Patterns and Soil Salinity Concentration Across the Egyptian North-Western Mediterranean Coast","authors":"Nourhan Galal, Laila Bidak, Sania Kamal, S. Toto","doi":"10.21608/ijesr.2023.329365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ijesr.2023.329365","url":null,"abstract":"Global climate change is considered the largest threat to the natural environment. To understand Earth's fundamental climate changes. We must look back for millions of years, without humans, climate altered between glacial and interglacial periods, and thus sea levels rise. Some places are already more vulnerable to climate change impacts, such as the coastal areas, as the rising sea level will increase the risk of flooding and erosion around the coasts affecting the distribution of species, and the dynamics of communities. Quick disperser species such as halophytes appear to be capable of long-distance jumps in the wake of climate change. Accordingly, halophytic plant dispersal to keep up with climate change captured our attention. A vegetation survey was done to assess the ecological situation and the movement of extreme halophytic plant species between spatial locations along the study area. Fifty-four sites were selected to represent the variations in vegetation structure along the salinity gradient. As, the measurement of plant dispersal is vital for understanding plant distribution between different spatial locations, providing an effective model of plant dispersal, and predicting future plant distribution and assemblages.","PeriodicalId":169728,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Studies and Researches","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139346098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.21608/ijesr.2023.329363
Ahmed Saad, Mohamed Fattah, Mohamed Gad
The construction of new towns and land reclamation initiatives are now being given a lot of attention by the Egyptian government in an effort to solve the country's overpopulation issue. Groundwater quality in the Limestone aquifer was evaluated using integrated physico-chemical criteria under sustainable development guidelines. Forty groundwater samples were taken from the research area's fractured limestone aquifer during the summer of 2021. The results showed that according to their physico-chemical characteristics, the primary ion contents were derived in the order of Na + > Ca 2+ > Mg 2+ > K + and SO 42-> HCO 3-> CO 32-. Chemical analysis findings showed that the bulk of the groundwater points from the Eocene had calcium levels that varied from 3.9 ppm to 19.5 ppm. The methods by which highly soluble carbonate minerals like calcite, dolomite, and sulphate are leached may be responsible for the high concentration of calcium ions in the groundwater of the studied region. The quantity of magnesium ions in groundwater wells ranged from 6 ppm to 24.32 ppm. Sodium is the predominant cation, with concentrations between 440 and 1020 ppm. Chloride concentrations varied between 335 to 674 ppm. Sulphate concentrations varied between 323 to 1478 ppm. The bulk of groundwater samples from the Eocene had bicarbonate concentrations from 62 to 124 ppm. Landowners in newly reclaimed lands should be urged to employ contemporary irrigation techniques including sprinkler and drip irrigation technologies for the integrated management and efficient use of water resources.
{"title":"Groundwater Quality Evaluation for the Limestone Aquifer Utilizing Hydrochemical Characteristics and Imitative Techniques, Eastern Nile Valley, Egypt","authors":"Ahmed Saad, Mohamed Fattah, Mohamed Gad","doi":"10.21608/ijesr.2023.329363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ijesr.2023.329363","url":null,"abstract":"The construction of new towns and land reclamation initiatives are now being given a lot of attention by the Egyptian government in an effort to solve the country's overpopulation issue. Groundwater quality in the Limestone aquifer was evaluated using integrated physico-chemical criteria under sustainable development guidelines. Forty groundwater samples were taken from the research area's fractured limestone aquifer during the summer of 2021. The results showed that according to their physico-chemical characteristics, the primary ion contents were derived in the order of Na + > Ca 2+ > Mg 2+ > K + and SO 42-> HCO 3-> CO 32-. Chemical analysis findings showed that the bulk of the groundwater points from the Eocene had calcium levels that varied from 3.9 ppm to 19.5 ppm. The methods by which highly soluble carbonate minerals like calcite, dolomite, and sulphate are leached may be responsible for the high concentration of calcium ions in the groundwater of the studied region. The quantity of magnesium ions in groundwater wells ranged from 6 ppm to 24.32 ppm. Sodium is the predominant cation, with concentrations between 440 and 1020 ppm. Chloride concentrations varied between 335 to 674 ppm. Sulphate concentrations varied between 323 to 1478 ppm. The bulk of groundwater samples from the Eocene had bicarbonate concentrations from 62 to 124 ppm. Landowners in newly reclaimed lands should be urged to employ contemporary irrigation techniques including sprinkler and drip irrigation technologies for the integrated management and efficient use of water resources.","PeriodicalId":169728,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Studies and Researches","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139343798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.21608/ijesr.2023.309146
Reda Abd El Hamed, Ezat Ahmed, Ibrahim El-Sayed, Salah El Sayed, M. Gad
The drainage systems are a major source of water that can be used again in agriculture. The current objective of this study is to evaluate the suitability for irrigation of 50 drain water samples collected during summer 2021 surrounding Rosette Branch. According to statistical analyses of the physicochemical parameters measured, the average temperature of the drain water was around 28.192 °C, with a range of 23.3 to 32.4 °C. The mean pH value was 7.64, which ranged from 6.51 to 8.71. The conductivity (EC) showed a mean value of 848.52 µS/cm, which ranged between 330 to 1591 µS/cm. The total dissolved solids (TDS) showed a mean value of 547.5 mg/L, which was acceptable for irrigation use. The range of TDS values was varied from 211.2 to 1034 mg/L. The average concentration of trace element values for the collected drainage samples were in the following sequences: Zn > Fe > Al > Mn > Cr > Pb > Ni > CO > Li > Cd, respectively. The pollution indices, including the heavy metal pollution index (HPI), metal index (MI), contamination index (C d ), and pollution index (PI), were estimated. For instance, The MI values revealed that 36% of samples were slight affected, 10% of samples were moderately affected, 42% of samples were strongly affected, and 12% of samples were seriously affected on water quality for irrigation. In the long-term irrigation water use, the MI had a median value of 4.10, which ranged from 1.01 to 23.35.
排水系统是可以再次用于农业的主要水源。本研究目前的目的是评估2021年夏季在Rosette Branch周围收集的50个排水样本的灌溉适用性。根据所测物化参数统计分析，污水平均温度在28.192℃左右，范围在23.3 ~ 32.4℃之间。平均pH值为7.64，范围为6.51 ~ 8.71。电导率(EC)平均值为848.52µS/cm，范围在330 ~ 1591µS/cm之间。总溶解固形物(TDS)平均值为547.5 mg/L，可用于灌溉。TDS值为211.2 ~ 1034 mg/L。收集的排水样品中微量元素的平均浓度顺序为:Zn > Fe > Al > Mn > Cr > Pb > Ni > CO > Li > Cd。估算了污染指数，包括重金属污染指数(HPI)、金属污染指数(MI)、污染指数(C d)和污染指数(PI)。例如，MI值显示36%的样本对灌溉水质有轻微影响，10%的样本有中度影响，42%的样本有强烈影响，12%的样本有严重影响。在长期灌溉用水中，MI的中位数为4.10，范围为1.01 ~ 23.35。
{"title":"Assessment of Drains Water Quality for Irrigation Purposes Using Pollution Indices in Egypt","authors":"Reda Abd El Hamed, Ezat Ahmed, Ibrahim El-Sayed, Salah El Sayed, M. Gad","doi":"10.21608/ijesr.2023.309146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ijesr.2023.309146","url":null,"abstract":"The drainage systems are a major source of water that can be used again in agriculture. The current objective of this study is to evaluate the suitability for irrigation of 50 drain water samples collected during summer 2021 surrounding Rosette Branch. According to statistical analyses of the physicochemical parameters measured, the average temperature of the drain water was around 28.192 °C, with a range of 23.3 to 32.4 °C. The mean pH value was 7.64, which ranged from 6.51 to 8.71. The conductivity (EC) showed a mean value of 848.52 µS/cm, which ranged between 330 to 1591 µS/cm. The total dissolved solids (TDS) showed a mean value of 547.5 mg/L, which was acceptable for irrigation use. The range of TDS values was varied from 211.2 to 1034 mg/L. The average concentration of trace element values for the collected drainage samples were in the following sequences: Zn > Fe > Al > Mn > Cr > Pb > Ni > CO > Li > Cd, respectively. The pollution indices, including the heavy metal pollution index (HPI), metal index (MI), contamination index (C d ), and pollution index (PI), were estimated. For instance, The MI values revealed that 36% of samples were slight affected, 10% of samples were moderately affected, 42% of samples were strongly affected, and 12% of samples were seriously affected on water quality for irrigation. In the long-term irrigation water use, the MI had a median value of 4.10, which ranged from 1.01 to 23.35.","PeriodicalId":169728,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Studies and Researches","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116206167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.21608/ijesr.2023.309144
Reda Abd El Hamed, Ezat Ahmed, Ibrahim El-Sayed, Salah El Sayed, M. Gad
Irrigation water quality indices (IWQIs), geochemical facies, and controlling mechanisms were used in an integrated manner to measure the optimum use of drain water for irrigation under sustainable development conditions. During the summer of 2021, 50 samples of drain water were collected around Rosette Branch. The principal ion concentrations have been obtained in the following order, according to their physicochemical properties: HCO 3-> Cl - > SO 42-> CO 32-and Na + > Ca 2+ > Mg 2+ > K + . Due to evaporation and rock-water interaction, the surface water facies reflect calcium and magnesium bicarbonate type and the calcium and magnesium sulfate type. According to IWQI results, about 4% of samples had high restrictions for irrigation use, 30% had moderate restrictions, and 18% of the samples were subject to restrictions for irrigation use. In accordance with the sodium percentage (Na %) readings, 50% of the drains were acceptable for irrigation, while the other were permissible use for irrigation. All drain water samples scored acceptable for irrigation, according to sodium absorption ratio (SAR) and residual sodium carbonate (RSC).
综合利用灌溉水质指数、地球化学相和控制机制，对可持续发展条件下灌溉排水的最佳利用进行了测度。在2021年夏季，在Rosette Branch周围收集了50个排水样本。根据它们的理化性质，得到了主要离子浓度的顺序:hco3 -> Cl -> so42 -> CO 32和Na + > ca2 + > Mg 2+ > K +。由于蒸发作用和岩水相互作用，地表水相主要为碳酸氢钙镁型和硫酸钙镁型。根据IWQI结果，约4%的样品具有高限制灌溉用水，30%的样品具有中等限制灌溉用水，18%的样品具有限制灌溉用水。根据钠百分比(Na %)读数，50%的排水管可用于灌溉，而其他的则允许用于灌溉。根据钠吸收比(SAR)和残余碳酸钠(RSC)，所有排水样品均可用于灌溉。
{"title":"Application of Water Quality Indices Measurements to Study the Suitability of Drain Water Quality for Irrigation in Egypt","authors":"Reda Abd El Hamed, Ezat Ahmed, Ibrahim El-Sayed, Salah El Sayed, M. Gad","doi":"10.21608/ijesr.2023.309144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ijesr.2023.309144","url":null,"abstract":"Irrigation water quality indices (IWQIs), geochemical facies, and controlling mechanisms were used in an integrated manner to measure the optimum use of drain water for irrigation under sustainable development conditions. During the summer of 2021, 50 samples of drain water were collected around Rosette Branch. The principal ion concentrations have been obtained in the following order, according to their physicochemical properties: HCO 3-> Cl - > SO 42-> CO 32-and Na + > Ca 2+ > Mg 2+ > K + . Due to evaporation and rock-water interaction, the surface water facies reflect calcium and magnesium bicarbonate type and the calcium and magnesium sulfate type. According to IWQI results, about 4% of samples had high restrictions for irrigation use, 30% had moderate restrictions, and 18% of the samples were subject to restrictions for irrigation use. In accordance with the sodium percentage (Na %) readings, 50% of the drains were acceptable for irrigation, while the other were permissible use for irrigation. All drain water samples scored acceptable for irrigation, according to sodium absorption ratio (SAR) and residual sodium carbonate (RSC).","PeriodicalId":169728,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Studies and Researches","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134430852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.21608/ijesr.2023.309147
Ali Alsahli
Water is a vital natural component to human existence and also is necessary for many various fields. The research location is in a region prone to water scarcity due to lack of rainfall and poor distribution. The water condition for irrigation practices is a complicated problem that depends on the interactions of numerous aspects of groundwater management considerations under the principles of sustainability. To achieve the evaluation of groundwater quality for agriculture, this study utilized irrigation water quality indices (IWQIs), which include sodium percent (Na %), sodium absorption ratio (SAR), permeability index (PI), and magnesium hazards (MH). For that, 37 groundwater samples were obtained, and conventional analytical approaches were utilized to quantify the physical and chemical features. The physical and chemical features showed that the main ions contents were recorded as sequences: (Na + > Ca 2+ > Mg 2+ ) and (SO 42− > HCO 3− > Cl − ). The geochemical characteristics for the obtained groundwater samples showed Na-K-Cl-SO 4 and Ca-Mg-Cl-SO 4 water facies under effect of precipitation and rock-water interaction factors. The mean values of the IWQIs for Na%, SAR, PI, and MH showed, correspondingly, 63.17, 6.51, 71.94, and 47.82, respectively. Therefore, using physical and chemical properties and multi-indexing approaches to evaluate groundwater quality and its regulating processes is efficient and feasible.
{"title":"Evaluation of Groundwater Quality Utilizing Integrated Physicochemical Parameters and Indexing Approaches","authors":"Ali Alsahli","doi":"10.21608/ijesr.2023.309147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ijesr.2023.309147","url":null,"abstract":"Water is a vital natural component to human existence and also is necessary for many various fields. The research location is in a region prone to water scarcity due to lack of rainfall and poor distribution. The water condition for irrigation practices is a complicated problem that depends on the interactions of numerous aspects of groundwater management considerations under the principles of sustainability. To achieve the evaluation of groundwater quality for agriculture, this study utilized irrigation water quality indices (IWQIs), which include sodium percent (Na %), sodium absorption ratio (SAR), permeability index (PI), and magnesium hazards (MH). For that, 37 groundwater samples were obtained, and conventional analytical approaches were utilized to quantify the physical and chemical features. The physical and chemical features showed that the main ions contents were recorded as sequences: (Na + > Ca 2+ > Mg 2+ ) and (SO 42− > HCO 3− > Cl − ). The geochemical characteristics for the obtained groundwater samples showed Na-K-Cl-SO 4 and Ca-Mg-Cl-SO 4 water facies under effect of precipitation and rock-water interaction factors. The mean values of the IWQIs for Na%, SAR, PI, and MH showed, correspondingly, 63.17, 6.51, 71.94, and 47.82, respectively. Therefore, using physical and chemical properties and multi-indexing approaches to evaluate groundwater quality and its regulating processes is efficient and feasible.","PeriodicalId":169728,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Studies and Researches","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130461747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.21608/ijesr.2023.309148
E. Badr, A. Laban, A. Zahran
Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is one of the great significance tools to achieve environmental sustainability. The objective of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of EIA practice in Egypt, through evaluation of the produced environmental impact statement (EIS) reports in New Burg El Arab City (Case study) using the Lee & Colley EIS review package. The study focuses on a comparison between different EIA studies conducted by the Egyptian Environmental Affair Agency (EEAA) and the Industrial Development Authority (IDA), emphasis areas for improving the EIA report quality, and make suggestions for future improvements. The Lee and Colley's EIS review package were modified to evaluate both EIA complete studies (B Scope, C and high-risk industrial projects) and EIA forms (A, B and low-risk industrial projects) in Alexandria, Egypt.The first modification of the EIS review package was used to evaluate the quality of (75) EISs complete study produced during the years 2016 and 2022.The results of This EISs evaluation revealed that approximately 75% of the total samples were satisfactory in quality. (36 EISs) 48% were good, (33 EISs) 44% borderline, (6 EISs) 8% poor. The second modification of the EIS review package was used to evaluate (80) environmental classification forms (A and B) during 2016 (EEAA) and to evaluate (100) low risk industrial projects during the period 2017-2022. The environmental classification forms (A and B) were evaluated that were submitted to the concerned Alexandria branch of the EEAA, and it was found that about 91% of the EIS samples were of acceptable quality. Of these (44 EISs), 55% were good, (36 EISs), 45% were border line. Moreover, the evaluation of low-risk industrial projects indicated that about 56% of the EISs samples were of acceptable quality. Of those (31EISs) 31% were good, (33EISs) 33% were borderline and (36EISs) 36% were poor. The research presents suggestions and recommendations for enhancement of EIA process in Egypt. The use of EIA guidelines, EIS reviewing criteria, environmental monitoring program, EIA consultant’s accreditation, consideration of alternatives and public consultation, all ensue an effective EIA system in Egypt along with protecting our environment /natural resources for us and further generation.
{"title":"Benchmarking Evaluation of Environmental Impact Assessment Studies Case Study: New Burg El Arab City– Alexandria – Egypt","authors":"E. Badr, A. Laban, A. Zahran","doi":"10.21608/ijesr.2023.309148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ijesr.2023.309148","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is one of the great significance tools to achieve environmental sustainability. The objective of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of EIA practice in Egypt, through evaluation of the produced environmental impact statement (EIS) reports in New Burg El Arab City (Case study) using the Lee & Colley EIS review package. The study focuses on a comparison between different EIA studies conducted by the Egyptian Environmental Affair Agency (EEAA) and the Industrial Development Authority (IDA), emphasis areas for improving the EIA report quality, and make suggestions for future improvements. The Lee and Colley's EIS review package were modified to evaluate both EIA complete studies (B Scope, C and high-risk industrial projects) and EIA forms (A, B and low-risk industrial projects) in Alexandria, Egypt.The first modification of the EIS review package was used to evaluate the quality of (75) EISs complete study produced during the years 2016 and 2022.The results of This EISs evaluation revealed that approximately 75% of the total samples were satisfactory in quality. (36 EISs) 48% were good, (33 EISs) 44% borderline, (6 EISs) 8% poor. The second modification of the EIS review package was used to evaluate (80) environmental classification forms (A and B) during 2016 (EEAA) and to evaluate (100) low risk industrial projects during the period 2017-2022. The environmental classification forms (A and B) were evaluated that were submitted to the concerned Alexandria branch of the EEAA, and it was found that about 91% of the EIS samples were of acceptable quality. Of these (44 EISs), 55% were good, (36 EISs), 45% were border line. Moreover, the evaluation of low-risk industrial projects indicated that about 56% of the EISs samples were of acceptable quality. Of those (31EISs) 31% were good, (33EISs) 33% were borderline and (36EISs) 36% were poor. The research presents suggestions and recommendations for enhancement of EIA process in Egypt. The use of EIA guidelines, EIS reviewing criteria, environmental monitoring program, EIA consultant’s accreditation, consideration of alternatives and public consultation, all ensue an effective EIA system in Egypt along with protecting our environment /natural resources for us and further generation.","PeriodicalId":169728,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Studies and Researches","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117108940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.21608/ijesr.2023.309140
Mahmoud Saber, R. El-Khayat, Yahy Zean Zean, Salah Elsayed Elsayed, M. El-Howeity
Anaerobic mono digestion usually suffers from several problems at high rates of organic load, which leads to a negative effect on the activity of methane producing bacteria, which leads to a decrease in biogas production. Therefore, it is important to find scientific alternatives to overcome these problems. In this study, the low efficiency of anaerobic mono digestion of kitchen waste was efficiently overcome by anaerobic co digestion of kitchen waste with cattle dung and poultry manure. The results indicated that anaerobic co digestion for kitchen waste with cattle dung (T4) has significantly increased the production of biogas more than anaerobic mono digestion for kitchen waste (T3). The obtained results showed that the produced biogas ranged from 17.68 to 30.95 L, and the highest production was observed from T1 (cattle manure and starter), followed by T4 (kitchen waste, cattle dung and starter) and the lowest production resulting from T2 (poultry manure and starter). The results also indicated that methane production ranged from 10.08 to 19.87 liters, and that T1 (cattle manure and starter) was more productive than T4 (kitchen waste, cattle dung and starter), and T4 outperformed other treatments in methane pro ِduction. Biogas and methane production rates were based on either total solid or volatile solid where, ranged between 136.53-189.96 L/Kg consumed biogas and 77.84-121.95 L/Kg consumed methane. Volatile fatty acids concentration was decreased after anaerobic fermentation process. Also, the pH values increased at the end of anaerobic digestion the values ranged between 7.65-8.02. After anaerobic digestion, the total and faecal coliform count as well as Salmonella & Shigella were not discovered. The numbers of total bacterial count, aerobic cellulose decomposers and acid producers (aerobic and anaerobic) were decreased after anaerobic digestion. In contrast, the numbers of anaerobic cellulose decomposers were increased after anaerobic digestion.
{"title":"Anaerobic Co Digestion of Kitchen Waste With Cattle Dung and Poultry Manure A Means to Overcome The Problems of Anaerobic Mono Digestion and Improve The Production of Biogas","authors":"Mahmoud Saber, R. El-Khayat, Yahy Zean Zean, Salah Elsayed Elsayed, M. El-Howeity","doi":"10.21608/ijesr.2023.309140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ijesr.2023.309140","url":null,"abstract":"Anaerobic mono digestion usually suffers from several problems at high rates of organic load, which leads to a negative effect on the activity of methane producing bacteria, which leads to a decrease in biogas production. Therefore, it is important to find scientific alternatives to overcome these problems. In this study, the low efficiency of anaerobic mono digestion of kitchen waste was efficiently overcome by anaerobic co digestion of kitchen waste with cattle dung and poultry manure. The results indicated that anaerobic co digestion for kitchen waste with cattle dung (T4) has significantly increased the production of biogas more than anaerobic mono digestion for kitchen waste (T3). The obtained results showed that the produced biogas ranged from 17.68 to 30.95 L, and the highest production was observed from T1 (cattle manure and starter), followed by T4 (kitchen waste, cattle dung and starter) and the lowest production resulting from T2 (poultry manure and starter). The results also indicated that methane production ranged from 10.08 to 19.87 liters, and that T1 (cattle manure and starter) was more productive than T4 (kitchen waste, cattle dung and starter), and T4 outperformed other treatments in methane pro ِduction. Biogas and methane production rates were based on either total solid or volatile solid where, ranged between 136.53-189.96 L/Kg consumed biogas and 77.84-121.95 L/Kg consumed methane. Volatile fatty acids concentration was decreased after anaerobic fermentation process. Also, the pH values increased at the end of anaerobic digestion the values ranged between 7.65-8.02. After anaerobic digestion, the total and faecal coliform count as well as Salmonella & Shigella were not discovered. The numbers of total bacterial count, aerobic cellulose decomposers and acid producers (aerobic and anaerobic) were decreased after anaerobic digestion. In contrast, the numbers of anaerobic cellulose decomposers were increased after anaerobic digestion.","PeriodicalId":169728,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Studies and Researches","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130457408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.21608/ijesr.2022.297094
Mahmoud Nasman, Hussam Al-Najjar
This paper identified the potential use of sewage sludge protected from the emergency sewage treatment plant in north Gaza (NGEST) for agricultural purposes and studied its effect on plant growth and soil properties. The sludge was dried in sunlight, and the plant tissues were cleaned and ground to an appropriate size. The results of the analysis showed that sludge can be used as soil fertilizer and can add nutrients for plant growth. The parameters were tested as pH, EC, TDS, FC, O.M, N, P, CI, ammonia N, E. coli, faecal streptococcus, salmonella, faecal coliforms, total coliforms, SAR, magnesium, sodium chloride, and potassium. A practical experiment was conducted using agricultural containers to grow corn. Five treatments (0-10-20-25-30% sludge) were used. Each experiment has three replicates. Sludge-amended soil affects corn growth. The best treatment was when sludge was amended with the soil at a rate of 25% of the dry weight of the soil.
{"title":"The Potential Reuse of Sewage Sludge for Agriculture Purposes (Case Study: North Gaza Emergency Sewage Treatment Plant (NGEST))","authors":"Mahmoud Nasman, Hussam Al-Najjar","doi":"10.21608/ijesr.2022.297094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ijesr.2022.297094","url":null,"abstract":"This paper identified the potential use of sewage sludge protected from the emergency sewage treatment plant in north Gaza (NGEST) for agricultural purposes and studied its effect on plant growth and soil properties. The sludge was dried in sunlight, and the plant tissues were cleaned and ground to an appropriate size. The results of the analysis showed that sludge can be used as soil fertilizer and can add nutrients for plant growth. The parameters were tested as pH, EC, TDS, FC, O.M, N, P, CI, ammonia N, E. coli, faecal streptococcus, salmonella, faecal coliforms, total coliforms, SAR, magnesium, sodium chloride, and potassium. A practical experiment was conducted using agricultural containers to grow corn. Five treatments (0-10-20-25-30% sludge) were used. Each experiment has three replicates. Sludge-amended soil affects corn growth. The best treatment was when sludge was amended with the soil at a rate of 25% of the dry weight of the soil.","PeriodicalId":169728,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Studies and Researches","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125705790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.21608/ijesr.2022.297093
Salama M. El-Darier, E. Hamed, R. El Dakak, S. Rashed
{"title":"Phytochemistry and Biological Attributes of Datura innoxia","authors":"Salama M. El-Darier, E. Hamed, R. El Dakak, S. Rashed","doi":"10.21608/ijesr.2022.297093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ijesr.2022.297093","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":169728,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Studies and Researches","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121926454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.21608/ijesr.2022.297092
M. Hattab, Sayed El-Rabeiy, Rasha Ghazy
{"title":"Detecting coastal black sand areas using remote sensing and GIS in Egypt","authors":"M. Hattab, Sayed El-Rabeiy, Rasha Ghazy","doi":"10.21608/ijesr.2022.297092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ijesr.2022.297092","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":169728,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Studies and Researches","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121605753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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