Pub Date : 2023-07-02DOI: 10.37538/2224-9494-2023-2(37)-151-158
A. D. Krylov
Introduction. Since 2021, adoption of building information modeling technologies has become mandatory in constructing objects using information modeling technologies. Processes of constructing buildings and structures have remained unchanged over the past two years. The time-saving effect of digitalization in construction has not been achieved, and the need to develop information models of capital construction objects resulted in additional costs for manual identification of data in the array of regulatory documents and in ignoring most of the existing requirements. Standard technical documents, even if they are written for automation purposes, do not provide for possible automated data isolation when working with them.Aim: to develop methods for translating standard technical documents into a machine-readable format based on marking up documents with codes of a building information classifier.Materials and methods. The methodology involved analyzing the schemes of documents posted on the website of the Ministry of Construction, which have been issued after the requirements on mandatory use of the classification systems in the development of building information models were included into the Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation. The analysis provided for possible unambiguous identification of data between various XML schemes of documents and the availability of a building information classifier for interfacing with the graphic part of the design documentation made in the format of the information model of the capital construction object.Results. The author proposes rules for constructing text and tabular documents with the inclusion of codes of the building information classifier for the development of XML-schemes. Allocation and markup of the tabular part serve for separating the structured and unstructured parts of the document. The marked tabular part can be exported to CAD systems and can serve a source of software settings. Tables, information about the structured coded tables, and a section of terms and definitions that are used to form the machine-readable data are subject to coding.Conclusion. Machine-readable documents can be generated both at the level of national standard technical documents and at the level of company standards reflecting the current configuration of the software adopted for capital construction projects. A set of structured tables exported from the company standards and national standard technical documents can be adopted to replace the established approach to the formation of requirements for information exchange and project implementation plans using information modeling technologies.
{"title":"Machine-readable documents in building information modeling standards","authors":"A. D. Krylov","doi":"10.37538/2224-9494-2023-2(37)-151-158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37538/2224-9494-2023-2(37)-151-158","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Since 2021, adoption of building information modeling technologies has become mandatory in constructing objects using information modeling technologies. Processes of constructing buildings and structures have remained unchanged over the past two years. The time-saving effect of digitalization in construction has not been achieved, and the need to develop information models of capital construction objects resulted in additional costs for manual identification of data in the array of regulatory documents and in ignoring most of the existing requirements. Standard technical documents, even if they are written for automation purposes, do not provide for possible automated data isolation when working with them.Aim: to develop methods for translating standard technical documents into a machine-readable format based on marking up documents with codes of a building information classifier.Materials and methods. The methodology involved analyzing the schemes of documents posted on the website of the Ministry of Construction, which have been issued after the requirements on mandatory use of the classification systems in the development of building information models were included into the Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation. The analysis provided for possible unambiguous identification of data between various XML schemes of documents and the availability of a building information classifier for interfacing with the graphic part of the design documentation made in the format of the information model of the capital construction object.Results. The author proposes rules for constructing text and tabular documents with the inclusion of codes of the building information classifier for the development of XML-schemes. Allocation and markup of the tabular part serve for separating the structured and unstructured parts of the document. The marked tabular part can be exported to CAD systems and can serve a source of software settings. Tables, information about the structured coded tables, and a section of terms and definitions that are used to form the machine-readable data are subject to coding.Conclusion. Machine-readable documents can be generated both at the level of national standard technical documents and at the level of company standards reflecting the current configuration of the software adopted for capital construction projects. A set of structured tables exported from the company standards and national standard technical documents can be adopted to replace the established approach to the formation of requirements for information exchange and project implementation plans using information modeling technologies. ","PeriodicalId":169749,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Science and Research Center of Construction","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128876397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-02DOI: 10.37538/2224-9494-2023-2(37)-136-150
A. Kvasnikov, E. V. Sumarokov
Introduction. Reinforcement is one of the most important processes in designing reinforced concrete structures. The need to optimize the reinforcement process arises from the constant increase in the volume and complexity of construction projects, as well as from the economy and efficiency requirements. In this regard, automatic design processes are becoming increasingly relevant, being conducive to significant acceleration and improvement of the quality of these works. Other areas of civil and industrial construction are also adopting automatic design processes in order to reduce construction and production costs. Mixed Integer Programming (MIP), Simplex Method (SM), and Genetic Algorithm (GA) are commonly used.Aim: to develop an algorithm for optimizing the reinforcement process of reinforced concrete structures of buildings and structures and to design a program for automating the process.Materials and methods. The paper relies upon the results of the calculations performed by the authors in the Lira program. Furthermore, the authors created a digital information model of the building in the Revit program. The Python programming language was used to test the results. A ready-made solution was created in C# using RevitAPI.Results. The paper substantiates the relevance and demonstrates the feasibility of optimization of technological solutions in the process of designing buildings and structures made of reinforced concrete according to the criterion “reliability – efficiency”. To this end, existing design software was integrated into a single modeling and design module, and the necessary software was proposed for development. The genetic algorithm was chosen as the main method for optimizing the reinforcement of structures. Tools for processing the calculation results, creating a duplicate of the calculation model in the design environment and analyzing the calculations were elaborated.Conclusion. The selected genetic algorithm accelerates the design process, and saves time when designing reinforced concrete structures. The results of the study are instrumental in developing the software for the automation of reinforcement.
{"title":"Optimizing the reinforcement of buildings and structures in automatic design processes","authors":"A. Kvasnikov, E. V. Sumarokov","doi":"10.37538/2224-9494-2023-2(37)-136-150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37538/2224-9494-2023-2(37)-136-150","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Reinforcement is one of the most important processes in designing reinforced concrete structures. The need to optimize the reinforcement process arises from the constant increase in the volume and complexity of construction projects, as well as from the economy and efficiency requirements. In this regard, automatic design processes are becoming increasingly relevant, being conducive to significant acceleration and improvement of the quality of these works. Other areas of civil and industrial construction are also adopting automatic design processes in order to reduce construction and production costs. Mixed Integer Programming (MIP), Simplex Method (SM), and Genetic Algorithm (GA) are commonly used.Aim: to develop an algorithm for optimizing the reinforcement process of reinforced concrete structures of buildings and structures and to design a program for automating the process.Materials and methods. The paper relies upon the results of the calculations performed by the authors in the Lira program. Furthermore, the authors created a digital information model of the building in the Revit program. The Python programming language was used to test the results. A ready-made solution was created in C# using RevitAPI.Results. The paper substantiates the relevance and demonstrates the feasibility of optimization of technological solutions in the process of designing buildings and structures made of reinforced concrete according to the criterion “reliability – efficiency”. To this end, existing design software was integrated into a single modeling and design module, and the necessary software was proposed for development. The genetic algorithm was chosen as the main method for optimizing the reinforcement of structures. Tools for processing the calculation results, creating a duplicate of the calculation model in the design environment and analyzing the calculations were elaborated.Conclusion. The selected genetic algorithm accelerates the design process, and saves time when designing reinforced concrete structures. The results of the study are instrumental in developing the software for the automation of reinforcement.","PeriodicalId":169749,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Science and Research Center of Construction","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131819052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-02DOI: 10.37538/2224-9494-2023-2(37)-159-168
A. Fedorkina
Introduction. The paper reveals the peculiarities and interrelation of such categories as science, scientific activities, research activities. Research activity is defined as a purposeful cognitive process, which has its own logic and methodology, a system of concepts, laws and categories. This activity is associated with justifying the need for scientific inquiry and solving theoretical and practical tasks, as well as with conducting research and experiments in order to expand existing and obtain new knowledge.Aim. To develop professional competences related to the understanding of theoretical and methodological foundations of research activities. The study revealed the essence and content of research activities, their compliance with established standards and rules. The main content characteristics of research activities were analyzed: relevance of scientific research, its object, subject, aim, objectives, validity of results, evidence of generalizations and conclusions of scientific research.Materials and methods. The paper analyzes the applied meaning of the concept of methodology as a system of approaches and principles of practical and theoretical research activities, on which the researcher relies in applying the research methods. As an example, the content of practical methods – observation and experiment – is revealed. Observation is defined as a research-focused, deliberate and purposeful perception of phenomena and processes without direct intervention in their course. Experiment as a method that involves research under controlled and managed conditions.
{"title":"Research activities: logic and methodology","authors":"A. Fedorkina","doi":"10.37538/2224-9494-2023-2(37)-159-168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37538/2224-9494-2023-2(37)-159-168","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The paper reveals the peculiarities and interrelation of such categories as science, scientific activities, research activities. Research activity is defined as a purposeful cognitive process, which has its own logic and methodology, a system of concepts, laws and categories. This activity is associated with justifying the need for scientific inquiry and solving theoretical and practical tasks, as well as with conducting research and experiments in order to expand existing and obtain new knowledge.Aim. To develop professional competences related to the understanding of theoretical and methodological foundations of research activities. The study revealed the essence and content of research activities, their compliance with established standards and rules. The main content characteristics of research activities were analyzed: relevance of scientific research, its object, subject, aim, objectives, validity of results, evidence of generalizations and conclusions of scientific research.Materials and methods. The paper analyzes the applied meaning of the concept of methodology as a system of approaches and principles of practical and theoretical research activities, on which the researcher relies in applying the research methods. As an example, the content of practical methods – observation and experiment – is revealed. Observation is defined as a research-focused, deliberate and purposeful perception of phenomena and processes without direct intervention in their course. Experiment as a method that involves research under controlled and managed conditions.","PeriodicalId":169749,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Science and Research Center of Construction","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115822852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-02DOI: 10.37538/2224-9494-2023-2(37)-125-135
V. Stepanova, A. Buchkin, K. Kudyakov, S. Khlebnikov
Introduction. One of the urgent tasks for the development of technical regulation on construction, set by the Government of the Russian Federation and addressed to the Ministry of Construction, Housing and Utilities of Russia, is to restore the monitoring system in construction for its timely updating, eliminating duplications and contradictions that arise. Meanwhile, new building materials, technologies and design methods demand continuous improvement of the standard framework and increase in the harmonization of Russian and international standards and regulations in the construction of buildings and structures. The paper presents the monitoring results of Russian and North American standard technical documentation setting requirements for concrete, reinforced concrete and reinforced concrete products.Aim. To conduct a comparative analysis of standard technical documentation in construction industry of Russia and the United States and prepare suggestions for their harmonization.Materials and methods. The study involved a review, systematization and analysis of national and foreign technical documents in the field of standardization of requirements for concrete and reinforced concrete, as well as research projects and bibliography concerning technical regulation in this field.Results. The authors produced suggestions for the development of new codes of practice and state standards. The present paper introduced a list of research which can be used as prerequisites for developing new, as well as adjusting and updating previously approved technical standards. The authors noted significant differences between technical regulation systems in the USA and Russian Federation, as well as poor harmonization of standards requirements.Conclusion. The results obtained indicate the feasibility of subsequent monitoring of national and foreign standard technical documentation with domain decomposition and specification of areas for in-depth analysis. The suggestions made as part of the monitoring work can contribute to the development of the national scientific and standard framework.
{"title":"Monitoring of standard documents of the USA and Russian Federation in terms of requirements for concrete and reinforced concrete","authors":"V. Stepanova, A. Buchkin, K. Kudyakov, S. Khlebnikov","doi":"10.37538/2224-9494-2023-2(37)-125-135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37538/2224-9494-2023-2(37)-125-135","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. One of the urgent tasks for the development of technical regulation on construction, set by the Government of the Russian Federation and addressed to the Ministry of Construction, Housing and Utilities of Russia, is to restore the monitoring system in construction for its timely updating, eliminating duplications and contradictions that arise. Meanwhile, new building materials, technologies and design methods demand continuous improvement of the standard framework and increase in the harmonization of Russian and international standards and regulations in the construction of buildings and structures. The paper presents the monitoring results of Russian and North American standard technical documentation setting requirements for concrete, reinforced concrete and reinforced concrete products.Aim. To conduct a comparative analysis of standard technical documentation in construction industry of Russia and the United States and prepare suggestions for their harmonization.Materials and methods. The study involved a review, systematization and analysis of national and foreign technical documents in the field of standardization of requirements for concrete and reinforced concrete, as well as research projects and bibliography concerning technical regulation in this field.Results. The authors produced suggestions for the development of new codes of practice and state standards. The present paper introduced a list of research which can be used as prerequisites for developing new, as well as adjusting and updating previously approved technical standards. The authors noted significant differences between technical regulation systems in the USA and Russian Federation, as well as poor harmonization of standards requirements.Conclusion. The results obtained indicate the feasibility of subsequent monitoring of national and foreign standard technical documentation with domain decomposition and specification of areas for in-depth analysis. The suggestions made as part of the monitoring work can contribute to the development of the national scientific and standard framework. ","PeriodicalId":169749,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Science and Research Center of Construction","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134399051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.37538/2224-9494-2023-2(37)-98-106
M. Zaripov, Z. Mukhametzyanov, A. .. Pudovkin
Introduction. Repair of pipelines under pressure of pumped media by means of welding is relevant to reduce the complexity of work. However, it may reduce the safety of work. To solve this issue, the authors consider applying the technological processes of machine welding with controlled drop transfer.Aim. To determine the main parameters of technological processes of machine welding with controlled drop transfer, affecting the safety of welding.Materials and methods. The authors developed a theoretical model for calculating the working thickness of a pipeline wall under pressure which they used for calculating the strength during welding. The dependence of the pipeline wall thickness at the edge of the penetrated hole on the internal pressure was also used in the calculations.Results. It was found that machine welding with controlled transfer of metal drops allows the wall penetration depth to be regulated by changing the welding variables. This significantly increases the safety of welding on pipelines under pressure of pumped media, compared to other types of welding. The developed welding processes ensure the safety of welding operations by means of a smooth and accurate control of the wall penetration depth. This is achieved by the correct selection of the background and peak current, control of the drop transfer process by arc voltage, control of the amount of weld metal and the heating temperature of welded structures.Conclusion. Recently, a number of repair technologies have been developed to improve the quality of welds in the construction and repair of trunk pipelines. The highly significant results of research on the development of machine welding technology with controlled drop transfer allow this technology to be recommended as an effective way to improve the safety of welding operations on pipelines under pressure of pumped media.
{"title":"Specific features of applying machine welding with drop transfer in repair of operating pipelines","authors":"M. Zaripov, Z. Mukhametzyanov, A. .. Pudovkin","doi":"10.37538/2224-9494-2023-2(37)-98-106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37538/2224-9494-2023-2(37)-98-106","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Repair of pipelines under pressure of pumped media by means of welding is relevant to reduce the complexity of work. However, it may reduce the safety of work. To solve this issue, the authors consider applying the technological processes of machine welding with controlled drop transfer.Aim. To determine the main parameters of technological processes of machine welding with controlled drop transfer, affecting the safety of welding.Materials and methods. The authors developed a theoretical model for calculating the working thickness of a pipeline wall under pressure which they used for calculating the strength during welding. The dependence of the pipeline wall thickness at the edge of the penetrated hole on the internal pressure was also used in the calculations.Results. It was found that machine welding with controlled transfer of metal drops allows the wall penetration depth to be regulated by changing the welding variables. This significantly increases the safety of welding on pipelines under pressure of pumped media, compared to other types of welding. The developed welding processes ensure the safety of welding operations by means of a smooth and accurate control of the wall penetration depth. This is achieved by the correct selection of the background and peak current, control of the drop transfer process by arc voltage, control of the amount of weld metal and the heating temperature of welded structures.Conclusion. Recently, a number of repair technologies have been developed to improve the quality of welds in the construction and repair of trunk pipelines. The highly significant results of research on the development of machine welding technology with controlled drop transfer allow this technology to be recommended as an effective way to improve the safety of welding operations on pipelines under pressure of pumped media.","PeriodicalId":169749,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Science and Research Center of Construction","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129577219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.37538/2224-9494-2023-2(37)-18-36
M. Mozgolov, E. Kozlova
Introduction. Current requirements for structural engineering oblige designers to use structures capable of resisting progressive collapse. Such structures include multiribbed reinforced concrete waffle slabs. Spatial systems are multiple indeterminate, their calculation is carried out in software systems based on the finite element method. Models of ribbed structures can be developed from different types of finite elements. The forces determined by different models can vary significantly, which is confirmed by the examples available in the literature.Aim. To detect a simple and accurate finite element model for computer-aided calculating the ribbed reinforced concrete waffle slab.Materials and methods. The study was carried out by comparing the bending moments obtained analytically and in the SCAD software by the finite element method for beams in waffle slabs of 12.0 × 18.0 m in plan with caissons of 1.5 × 2.25 m. The bar model consisting of a T-beam-and-girder construction and a solid model of bulk finite elements are calculated.Results. The bending moments, calculated both analytically and using a solid model, have similar values. The maximum deviations of the computer calculation from the analytical method are from -3.2 to +2.6 %. The maximum deviations of the values of bending moments obtained when comparing the solid model with the bar model are from -9.2 to +4.0 %.Conclusion. The finite element model, which is based on solving the volumetric problem of the elastic theory, is an effective verification model for studying complex systems; however, it is time-consuming and difficult for data analysis. A solid model can be recommended for studying individual structures or their critical zones.
{"title":"SCAD model of solid finite elements: calculation of reinforced concrete waffle slabs","authors":"M. Mozgolov, E. Kozlova","doi":"10.37538/2224-9494-2023-2(37)-18-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37538/2224-9494-2023-2(37)-18-36","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Current requirements for structural engineering oblige designers to use structures capable of resisting progressive collapse. Such structures include multiribbed reinforced concrete waffle slabs. Spatial systems are multiple indeterminate, their calculation is carried out in software systems based on the finite element method. Models of ribbed structures can be developed from different types of finite elements. The forces determined by different models can vary significantly, which is confirmed by the examples available in the literature.Aim. To detect a simple and accurate finite element model for computer-aided calculating the ribbed reinforced concrete waffle slab.Materials and methods. The study was carried out by comparing the bending moments obtained analytically and in the SCAD software by the finite element method for beams in waffle slabs of 12.0 × 18.0 m in plan with caissons of 1.5 × 2.25 m. The bar model consisting of a T-beam-and-girder construction and a solid model of bulk finite elements are calculated.Results. The bending moments, calculated both analytically and using a solid model, have similar values. The maximum deviations of the computer calculation from the analytical method are from -3.2 to +2.6 %. The maximum deviations of the values of bending moments obtained when comparing the solid model with the bar model are from -9.2 to +4.0 %.Conclusion. The finite element model, which is based on solving the volumetric problem of the elastic theory, is an effective verification model for studying complex systems; however, it is time-consuming and difficult for data analysis. A solid model can be recommended for studying individual structures or their critical zones.","PeriodicalId":169749,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Science and Research Center of Construction","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123883043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.37538/2224-9494-2023-2(37)-84-97
A. Rostovtsev
Introduction. At present, the plate load testing is considered to be the most effective method for determining the deformation parameters of very coarse soils. However, the major challenge associated with such tests is the low accuracy of the results due to the inability to properly clean the borehole bottom.Aim. To develop a new methodology for plate load testing using an intermediate layer of a liquid, quick-setting material to ensure uniform load transfer to the very coarse soil.Materials and methods. The author conducted a number of laboratory and site investigations in order to select contact layer material, which meets requirements for plasticity, temperature, strengthening and setting time. Following that, the author recommended a liquid quick-setting composite material MasterFlow 928 for application. The study involved development of a technology for the material delivery to the borehole bottom and gathering data on the minimum required thickness of a contact layer depending on particle size of the tested soils. The methodology of using quick-setting composite materials was tested at three sites in different soil conditions and at two experimental plots where a set of parallel tests was made using 600 cm2 plate with and without quick-setting composite materials. The maximum discrepancy between the values of the deformation modulus obtained for the plates with application of quick-setting composite materials and the “reference” ones (screw and flat plate of 5000 cm2 ) did not exceed 14 %.Results. On the basis of the experimental investigations, the author developed a methodology and “Recommendations for plate loading tests to carry out using quick-setting materials at the plate-soil contact”.Conclusion. The suggested methodology for plate load testing tackles the issue of determining the deformation modulus for very coarse soils by using an intermediate layer of quick-setting liquid material that improves the contact between the plate and the soil for uniform load transfer, thus greatly increasing the accuracy of deformation parameters.
{"title":"New methodology for testing very coarse soils by “liquid plate loading”","authors":"A. Rostovtsev","doi":"10.37538/2224-9494-2023-2(37)-84-97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37538/2224-9494-2023-2(37)-84-97","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. At present, the plate load testing is considered to be the most effective method for determining the deformation parameters of very coarse soils. However, the major challenge associated with such tests is the low accuracy of the results due to the inability to properly clean the borehole bottom.Aim. To develop a new methodology for plate load testing using an intermediate layer of a liquid, quick-setting material to ensure uniform load transfer to the very coarse soil.Materials and methods. The author conducted a number of laboratory and site investigations in order to select contact layer material, which meets requirements for plasticity, temperature, strengthening and setting time. Following that, the author recommended a liquid quick-setting composite material MasterFlow 928 for application. The study involved development of a technology for the material delivery to the borehole bottom and gathering data on the minimum required thickness of a contact layer depending on particle size of the tested soils. The methodology of using quick-setting composite materials was tested at three sites in different soil conditions and at two experimental plots where a set of parallel tests was made using 600 cm2 plate with and without quick-setting composite materials. The maximum discrepancy between the values of the deformation modulus obtained for the plates with application of quick-setting composite materials and the “reference” ones (screw and flat plate of 5000 cm2 ) did not exceed 14 %.Results. On the basis of the experimental investigations, the author developed a methodology and “Recommendations for plate loading tests to carry out using quick-setting materials at the plate-soil contact”.Conclusion. The suggested methodology for plate load testing tackles the issue of determining the deformation modulus for very coarse soils by using an intermediate layer of quick-setting liquid material that improves the contact between the plate and the soil for uniform load transfer, thus greatly increasing the accuracy of deformation parameters. ","PeriodicalId":169749,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Science and Research Center of Construction","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122295407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.37538/2224-9494-2023-2(37)-7-17
V. A. Korotkov
Introduction. The present article concerns the seismic performance of various building structures, including NPP objects. The provided materials generalize the results of the author’s longstanding work connected with the dynamics of building structures.Aim. To analyze the seismic performance of various building structures, including NPP objects, and represent the author’s material on the dynamics of building structures.Materials and methods. The presented materials include a definition of the dynamics concept, computational modeling of dynamic processes, main correlations of dynamic analysis methods, and a description of impacts (accelerograms). In addition, the concepts of resonance and vibration diagnostics in the dynamic analysis, assessment of the building strength and stability, as well as the description of applied software systems are provided. Some of the presented materials are characterized by the scientific novelty. The following methods were used in the study. The method of nonclassical modal superposition for determining the response of a structure under dynamic impacts together with floor response spectra were presented by the author at the ABAQUS (SIMULIA) International Conference in Barcelona, 2011. The essence of the method consists in the reliable account for a “soil” damper, modeling the energy outflow into the soil during the vibrations of a building, which ensures reliable results. A fundamental solution for accounting the ductility of the foundation slab under seismic impacts was applied. This method ensures the seismic response of the structure to be reliably determined, as well as the floor response spectra to be obtained in the conditions of the aircraft crashing for buildings, whose impact on the equipment is transmitted through the foundation slab. Additionally, the method of accounting the dynamic characteristics of building fragments (floor/ wall), obtained using the vibration diagnostic results, was applied to verify computational models, as well as to analyze the strength and floor response spectra. The appendix includes the realistic test problem of the seismic analysis, developed by the author.Results. The provided materials generalize the results of the author’s longstanding work in the field of NPP building structures. In addition to the scientific novelty, the materials are widely applied in the development of NPP designs both in the Russian Federation and abroad.Conclusion. The materials, presented in the article, can be used to prepare the “Introduction to Dynamics” lecture course, including, for newcomer countries that are at the beginning of the nuclear facility (NF) construction.
{"title":"Analysis of dynamic methods for calculating NPP building structures","authors":"V. A. Korotkov","doi":"10.37538/2224-9494-2023-2(37)-7-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37538/2224-9494-2023-2(37)-7-17","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The present article concerns the seismic performance of various building structures, including NPP objects. The provided materials generalize the results of the author’s longstanding work connected with the dynamics of building structures.Aim. To analyze the seismic performance of various building structures, including NPP objects, and represent the author’s material on the dynamics of building structures.Materials and methods. The presented materials include a definition of the dynamics concept, computational modeling of dynamic processes, main correlations of dynamic analysis methods, and a description of impacts (accelerograms). In addition, the concepts of resonance and vibration diagnostics in the dynamic analysis, assessment of the building strength and stability, as well as the description of applied software systems are provided. Some of the presented materials are characterized by the scientific novelty. The following methods were used in the study. The method of nonclassical modal superposition for determining the response of a structure under dynamic impacts together with floor response spectra were presented by the author at the ABAQUS (SIMULIA) International Conference in Barcelona, 2011. The essence of the method consists in the reliable account for a “soil” damper, modeling the energy outflow into the soil during the vibrations of a building, which ensures reliable results. A fundamental solution for accounting the ductility of the foundation slab under seismic impacts was applied. This method ensures the seismic response of the structure to be reliably determined, as well as the floor response spectra to be obtained in the conditions of the aircraft crashing for buildings, whose impact on the equipment is transmitted through the foundation slab. Additionally, the method of accounting the dynamic characteristics of building fragments (floor/ wall), obtained using the vibration diagnostic results, was applied to verify computational models, as well as to analyze the strength and floor response spectra. The appendix includes the realistic test problem of the seismic analysis, developed by the author.Results. The provided materials generalize the results of the author’s longstanding work in the field of NPP building structures. In addition to the scientific novelty, the materials are widely applied in the development of NPP designs both in the Russian Federation and abroad.Conclusion. The materials, presented in the article, can be used to prepare the “Introduction to Dynamics” lecture course, including, for newcomer countries that are at the beginning of the nuclear facility (NF) construction.","PeriodicalId":169749,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Science and Research Center of Construction","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130524012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.37538/2224-9494-2023-2(37)-37-70
D. I. Putsev, Y. Krivtsov, Y. Groshev, N. A. Lobanova
Introduction. The present paper describes application of a software package using a field model of fire dynamics to calculate fire characteristics in buildings and premises of nuclear power plants (NPP). The authors give necessary justifications for using the software package in performing fire calculations in multifunctional buildings and premises.Aim. To analyze different fire modeling methods, their application and use of the software package for field modeling of fire dynamics to determine the dynamics of fire hazards in complex premises, in facilities with non-uniform fire loads or complex gas exchange processes; to contribute solving the issue of safe distances ensuring that fire cannot spread between equipment elements.Materials and methods. The authors developed and verified a software package to perform calculations using the field model of fire dynamics. The paper presents the basics of the field method for fire modeling in multifunctional premises and the aspects of its application in fire simulation. The presented analytics is substantiated with examples of fire simulation results in real premises of NPPs.Results. Following the analysis of different methods of modeling the dynamics of development and spread of fire hazards, the present paper introduces the possibility of using various methods of fire modeling in the evaluation of fire hazards for buildings and premises. The authors describe the advantages of field modeling method for calculating local parameters of fire. The paper provides information on the software codes to calculate the dynamics of fire and evaluate the thermal effects of fire on building structures.Conclusion. It has been found possible to apply field model of fire dynamics for calculating fire hazards in various buildings, premises and open areas. Calculations using the presented field model enable the sufficiency of fire resistance of building structures and multifunctional premises to be substantiated due to preventing fire spread outside the fire zone during the estimated time of burnout of the total fire load.
{"title":"Evaluating feasibility of field modeling of fire to calculate fire characteristics in buildings and premises","authors":"D. I. Putsev, Y. Krivtsov, Y. Groshev, N. A. Lobanova","doi":"10.37538/2224-9494-2023-2(37)-37-70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37538/2224-9494-2023-2(37)-37-70","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The present paper describes application of a software package using a field model of fire dynamics to calculate fire characteristics in buildings and premises of nuclear power plants (NPP). The authors give necessary justifications for using the software package in performing fire calculations in multifunctional buildings and premises.Aim. To analyze different fire modeling methods, their application and use of the software package for field modeling of fire dynamics to determine the dynamics of fire hazards in complex premises, in facilities with non-uniform fire loads or complex gas exchange processes; to contribute solving the issue of safe distances ensuring that fire cannot spread between equipment elements.Materials and methods. The authors developed and verified a software package to perform calculations using the field model of fire dynamics. The paper presents the basics of the field method for fire modeling in multifunctional premises and the aspects of its application in fire simulation. The presented analytics is substantiated with examples of fire simulation results in real premises of NPPs.Results. Following the analysis of different methods of modeling the dynamics of development and spread of fire hazards, the present paper introduces the possibility of using various methods of fire modeling in the evaluation of fire hazards for buildings and premises. The authors describe the advantages of field modeling method for calculating local parameters of fire. The paper provides information on the software codes to calculate the dynamics of fire and evaluate the thermal effects of fire on building structures.Conclusion. It has been found possible to apply field model of fire dynamics for calculating fire hazards in various buildings, premises and open areas. Calculations using the presented field model enable the sufficiency of fire resistance of building structures and multifunctional premises to be substantiated due to preventing fire spread outside the fire zone during the estimated time of burnout of the total fire load.","PeriodicalId":169749,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Science and Research Center of Construction","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126310676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.37538/2224-9494-2023-2(37)-71-83
M. Farfel, E. D. Mikhailik
Introduction. Construction science always seeks to save materials, including in the design of steel frameworks. Currently, in modern construction standards, structural analysis of frameworks for industrial buildings, namely their columns, is carried out without considering the stiffness of the crane girder which receives the load from the overhead crane. However, this factor can give a certain economy of metal, since the stiffness of crane structures directly affects the stability of columns of industrial buildings, and therefore the metal consumption of the framework.Aim. To achieve savings of steel due to taking into account the effect of crane girder stiffness on the stability of an industrial building framework.Materials and methods. For these purposes, the authors of the paper used classical methods of structural mechanics. A programmed cyclic algorithm of the Mathcad software was used to find the critical forces and effective length coefficients at various stiffnesses of the column elements. Columns of an industrial building are usually two-member. Given that, its structural design is twice statically indeterminate by the deflection method. The bearing capacity of an industrial building column is found by deriving the critical force, which is determined from the equation obtained by setting equal to zero the stability determinant consisting of the coefficients of the linear equation system by the deflection method. In addition, the effective length coefficient for the upper and lower parts of the column is determined. The paper compares the results obtained with the scheme without taking into account the crane girder.Results. Considering the effect of the crane girder stiffness enabled the material consumption of the column to be reduced by 30 %. Critical forces and effective length coefficients were found at various stiffnesses of the column elements, using a programmed cyclic algorithm of the Mathcad software.Conclusion. Taking into account the stiffness in the structures of the elements in the industrial building frameworks reduces metal consumption.
{"title":"Steel savings in an industrial building column with account for effect of crane girder stiffness","authors":"M. Farfel, E. D. Mikhailik","doi":"10.37538/2224-9494-2023-2(37)-71-83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37538/2224-9494-2023-2(37)-71-83","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Construction science always seeks to save materials, including in the design of steel frameworks. Currently, in modern construction standards, structural analysis of frameworks for industrial buildings, namely their columns, is carried out without considering the stiffness of the crane girder which receives the load from the overhead crane. However, this factor can give a certain economy of metal, since the stiffness of crane structures directly affects the stability of columns of industrial buildings, and therefore the metal consumption of the framework.Aim. To achieve savings of steel due to taking into account the effect of crane girder stiffness on the stability of an industrial building framework.Materials and methods. For these purposes, the authors of the paper used classical methods of structural mechanics. A programmed cyclic algorithm of the Mathcad software was used to find the critical forces and effective length coefficients at various stiffnesses of the column elements. Columns of an industrial building are usually two-member. Given that, its structural design is twice statically indeterminate by the deflection method. The bearing capacity of an industrial building column is found by deriving the critical force, which is determined from the equation obtained by setting equal to zero the stability determinant consisting of the coefficients of the linear equation system by the deflection method. In addition, the effective length coefficient for the upper and lower parts of the column is determined. The paper compares the results obtained with the scheme without taking into account the crane girder.Results. Considering the effect of the crane girder stiffness enabled the material consumption of the column to be reduced by 30 %. Critical forces and effective length coefficients were found at various stiffnesses of the column elements, using a programmed cyclic algorithm of the Mathcad software.Conclusion. Taking into account the stiffness in the structures of the elements in the industrial building frameworks reduces metal consumption.","PeriodicalId":169749,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Science and Research Center of Construction","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133899740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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