Pub Date : 2018-10-04DOI: 10.14325/mississippi/9781496818911.003.0013
Jenny Luke
Once given an option African American women in the south chose physician managed hospitalized childbirth, but their experience was generally unsatisfactory for the reasons explored in this chapter. Dr. Thomas Boulware’s five-year maternal mortality study in Alabama is used to highlight physician opposition to funding prenatal clinics in poor, rural counties. The situation was no better in the segregated facilities of labor and delivery wards, or in the care black women received in hospital. Despite racism featuring heavily in their experience of macro-level care African American women’s expectations of childbirth changed and with it the culture.
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Pub Date : 2018-10-04DOI: 10.14325/mississippi/9781496818911.003.0007
Jenny Luke
Drilling down to the individual level, this chapter deals with the relationship between African American lay midwives and the physicians, who were usually white, upon whom they relied for medical support. Self-belief, a commitment to the women they served, and their adherence to the standardization of midwifery resulted in the lay midwives demanding medical assistance when required. Using what little anecdotal evidence available, the chapter provides examples of the mutual respect that existed between lay midwives and physicians, but also demonstrates the weakness of a care model heavily weighted in micro-level components but with little access to macro-level facilities and knowledge.
{"title":"Working with Physicians","authors":"Jenny Luke","doi":"10.14325/mississippi/9781496818911.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496818911.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"Drilling down to the individual level, this chapter deals with the relationship between African American lay midwives and the physicians, who were usually white, upon whom they relied for medical support. Self-belief, a commitment to the women they served, and their adherence to the standardization of midwifery resulted in the lay midwives demanding medical assistance when required. Using what little anecdotal evidence available, the chapter provides examples of the mutual respect that existed between lay midwives and physicians, but also demonstrates the weakness of a care model heavily weighted in micro-level components but with little access to macro-level facilities and knowledge.","PeriodicalId":169958,"journal":{"name":"Delivered by Midwives","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121731962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As one explanation for the longevity and centrality of lay midwifery in southern childbirth culture, chapter 11 focuses on the lack of medical support and hospital facilities available to African Americans in the Jim Crow South. It reaches back to the early twentieth century and examines the challenges faced by black medical schools and hospitals, and the establishment of the National Medical Association. The problems associated with segregated facilities and the consequences of the Hill-Burton Act failed to ease the pressures on the black medical profession. The Slossfield Community Center in Birmingham Alabama is used as a case study to emphasize the both the obstacles faced by black hospitals and physicians, and the benefits of a holistic, interdisciplinary approach to wellness.
{"title":"Overcoming Challenges","authors":"Jenny Luke","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv5jxpff.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv5jxpff.18","url":null,"abstract":"As one explanation for the longevity and centrality of lay midwifery in southern childbirth culture, chapter 11 focuses on the lack of medical support and hospital facilities available to African Americans in the Jim Crow South. It reaches back to the early twentieth century and examines the challenges faced by black medical schools and hospitals, and the establishment of the National Medical Association. The problems associated with segregated facilities and the consequences of the Hill-Burton Act failed to ease the pressures on the black medical profession. The Slossfield Community Center in Birmingham Alabama is used as a case study to emphasize the both the obstacles faced by black hospitals and physicians, and the benefits of a holistic, interdisciplinary approach to wellness.","PeriodicalId":169958,"journal":{"name":"Delivered by Midwives","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115074067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-04DOI: 10.14325/mississippi/9781496818911.003.0017
Jenny Luke
This chapter explores the strengths of modern midwifery and identifies areas of concern for the future. A strong interconceptual role is vital to improving women’s health but the lack of diversity in the profession is hindering its potential. The chapter focuses on the work of the American College of Nurse-Midwives’ Midwives of Color Committee, the United States Midwifery Education, Regulation, and Association, and the International Center for Traditional Childbirth to explore the ways in which midwifery can stake a permanent claim in the lives of American women and maternity health.
{"title":"Midwifery Today and Its Potential for Tomorrow","authors":"Jenny Luke","doi":"10.14325/mississippi/9781496818911.003.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496818911.003.0017","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores the strengths of modern midwifery and identifies areas of concern for the future. A strong interconceptual role is vital to improving women’s health but the lack of diversity in the profession is hindering its potential. The chapter focuses on the work of the American College of Nurse-Midwives’ Midwives of Color Committee, the United States Midwifery Education, Regulation, and Association, and the International Center for Traditional Childbirth to explore the ways in which midwifery can stake a permanent claim in the lives of American women and maternity health.","PeriodicalId":169958,"journal":{"name":"Delivered by Midwives","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121915363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-04DOI: 10.14325/mississippi/9781496818911.003.0011
Jenny Luke
Despite their recognized importance to maternity care African American nurse-midwives experienced both racial and professional discrimination. This chapter underscores the unyielding obstacles of racism. Issues of segregation, unequal pay for black nurses, and lack of funding led to the closure of the Tuskegee School of Nurse-Midwifery, and the American Association of Nurse-midwives determined that whiteness was central to its concept of the professional midwife. Physician-centered maternity care was advocated as a solution to what was termed racial dualism in health care and ultimately the implementation of the wartime Emergency Maternal and Infant Care accelerated the shift toward hospital birth.
尽管非裔美国护士助产士对产妇护理的重要性得到公认，但她们经历了种族和职业歧视。这一章强调了种族主义的顽固障碍。种族隔离、黑人护士薪酬不平等以及缺乏资金等问题导致塔斯基吉护士助产学校关闭，美国护士助产协会(American Association of nurse -助产士)决定，白人是其专业助产士概念的核心。以医生为中心的产妇护理被认为是解决保健中所谓的种族二元论的办法，最终战时紧急母婴护理的实施加速了向医院分娩的转变。
{"title":"Problems of Racism and Challenges to Professionalism","authors":"Jenny Luke","doi":"10.14325/mississippi/9781496818911.003.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496818911.003.0011","url":null,"abstract":"Despite their recognized importance to maternity care African American nurse-midwives experienced both racial and professional discrimination. This chapter underscores the unyielding obstacles of racism. Issues of segregation, unequal pay for black nurses, and lack of funding led to the closure of the Tuskegee School of Nurse-Midwifery, and the American Association of Nurse-midwives determined that whiteness was central to its concept of the professional midwife. Physician-centered maternity care was advocated as a solution to what was termed racial dualism in health care and ultimately the implementation of the wartime Emergency Maternal and Infant Care accelerated the shift toward hospital birth.","PeriodicalId":169958,"journal":{"name":"Delivered by Midwives","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114428492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-04DOI: 10.14325/mississippi/9781496818911.003.0016
Jenny Luke
In competition with a powerful medical establishment nurse-midwifery has struggled to gain legitimacy and carve out a space in which to practice. This chapter provides some historical background of the American College of Nurse-Midwives, the importance of “whiteness” to the preceding professional body, and the effect that state legislation has on the growth of the profession. The experience of Dr. J. Edward Hill demonstrates the benefits of a collaboration between physicians and nurse-midwives.
在与强大的医疗机构的竞争中，助产护士一直在努力获得合法性，并在实践中开拓出一个空间。本章提供了美国护士助产士学院的一些历史背景，“白人”对之前的专业机构的重要性，以及国家立法对该专业发展的影响。J. Edward Hill医生的经验证明了医生和护士助产士之间合作的好处。
{"title":"Midwifery Becomes a White Woman’s Realm","authors":"Jenny Luke","doi":"10.14325/mississippi/9781496818911.003.0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496818911.003.0016","url":null,"abstract":"In competition with a powerful medical establishment nurse-midwifery has struggled to gain legitimacy and carve out a space in which to practice. This chapter provides some historical background of the American College of Nurse-Midwives, the importance of “whiteness” to the preceding professional body, and the effect that state legislation has on the growth of the profession. The experience of Dr. J. Edward Hill demonstrates the benefits of a collaboration between physicians and nurse-midwives.","PeriodicalId":169958,"journal":{"name":"Delivered by Midwives","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122187134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-04DOI: 10.14325/mississippi/9781496818911.003.0008
Jenny Luke
This chapter returns to the Progressive Era to locate the origins of obstetrics, the economic competition perceived by professionalizing medicine towards midwifery, and contrasts the US to the development of midwifery in Europe. It outlines the establishment and goals of the Maternity Center Association and introduces the new profession of nurse-midwifery.
{"title":"Establishing the Professional Nurse-Midwife","authors":"Jenny Luke","doi":"10.14325/mississippi/9781496818911.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496818911.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter returns to the Progressive Era to locate the origins of obstetrics, the economic competition perceived by professionalizing medicine towards midwifery, and contrasts the US to the development of midwifery in Europe. It outlines the establishment and goals of the Maternity Center Association and introduces the new profession of nurse-midwifery.","PeriodicalId":169958,"journal":{"name":"Delivered by Midwives","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126623007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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