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Structural and Functional Composition of Humic Acids Isolated from Soils of Natural and Urbanized Territories of the European Far North and the Arctic 从欧洲远北和北极自然和城市化地区土壤中分离的腐植酸的结构和功能组成
IF 0.4 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.17516/1998-2836-0267
Tatiana A. Korelskaya
The structural and functional composition of humic acids in natural and urbanized areas of the European Far North and the Arctic has been studied using modern physical and chemical research methods. It is shown that the content of fulvic acids for most of the studied soils is higher than humic acids; in soils, the process of humus formation is humate (replantozem, pelozem and humus-peat soil), humate-fulvate (turf soil, culturozem and urbanozem) and fulvate type (gleezem and lithozem); macromolecules of humic acids and himatomelanic acids of the studied soils are predominantly aliphatic in nature, with a high proportion of aromatic fragments, and FA have an aromatic structure. In addition, humus acids of natural soils located in more Northern regions are characterized by a high content of oxygen-containing functional groups compared to humus acids preparations of natural soils located to the South (turf and peat)
利用现代物理和化学研究方法,研究了欧洲远北和北极地区自然和城市化地区腐植酸的结构和功能组成。结果表明,大多数土壤黄腐酸含量高于腐植酸;在土壤中,腐殖质的形成过程分为腐殖质(复植土、腐殖土和腐殖质-泥炭土)、腐殖质-腐殖土(草皮土、栽培土和城市化土)和腐殖型(腐殖土和石漠化土);土壤腐植酸和himatomelanic酸的大分子本质上以脂肪族为主,芳香片段比例高,FA具有芳香结构。此外,与南方天然土壤(草皮和泥炭)的腐殖酸相比,北方地区天然土壤的腐殖酸具有含氧官能团含量高的特点。
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引用次数: 0
Solid Solutions in Aluminum Electrolytes with the Participation of LiF 锂离子参与下铝电解液中的固溶体
IF 0.4 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.17516/1998-2836-0268
Yulia N. Zaitseva
The paper presents the investigation of the solid solutions formation in the fluoride system Na5Al3F14-Na3AlF6-K3AlF6 with the addition of LiF. Two local regions were under consideration. The first case concerns the possibility of potassium and sodium cations replacing with lithium in the elpasolite (K2NaAlF6) when LiF is added to the electrolyte. In the second, the effect of lithium fluoride on the chiolite (Na5Al3F14) was studied. The investigation was motivated by the need to control the composition of the electrolyte during the electrolytic production of aluminum. The electrolyte samples were obtained from the initial fluorides under laboratory conditions. Determination of crystal-chemical details of the structure of solid solutions was carried out by the method of full-profile analysis (Rietveld method) on multiphase polycrystalline samples. It was found that the addition of LiF in the structure of elpasolite is accompanied by a gradual substitution of lithium for sodium with the formation, ultimately, of the K2LiAlF6 phase with the lattice parameter a = 8.0779 Å. Potassium is not subject to substitution. No dissolution of LiF in the structure of cryolite (Na3AlF6) was found. It was shown that chiolite does not form solid solutions with LiF upon crystallization
本文研究了氟化体系Na5Al3F14-Na3AlF6-K3AlF6中添加LiF时固溶体的形成。正在考虑两个地方区域。第一种情况是,当电解质中加入锂离子时,钾和钠离子被锂离子取代的可能性。其次,研究了氟化锂对冰晶石(Na5Al3F14)的影响。研究的动机是在铝电解生产过程中需要控制电解液的组成。电解质样品是在实验室条件下从初始氟化物中获得的。采用Rietveld法对多相多晶样品进行了晶体化学结构细节的测定。研究发现,在斜斜石结构中加入LiF,伴随着锂逐渐取代钠,最终形成晶格参数为a = 8.0779 Å的K2LiAlF6相。钾是不可替代的。在冰晶石(Na3AlF6)结构中未发现LiF的溶解。结果表明,冰晶石结晶时不与liff形成固溶体
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引用次数: 1
Sorption of Copper Ions from the Nitric Acid Solution of Electrolytic Refining of Silver with Using Chelating Resin Axionit BPA 双酚a螯合树脂对电解炼银硝酸溶液中铜离子的吸附
IF 0.4 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.17516/1998-2836-0270
S. Aleynikov
The article considers a sorption method for extracting copper ions from a model nitric acid solution based on a solution of electrolytic refining of silver with using sorbents with bis-picolylamine functional groups: Dowex M-4195 and AXIONIT BPA. The possibility of extracting copper to residual concentrations in the solution of less than 10 mg/l is shown. The working capacity of both samples under batch conditions, as well as the dynamic exchange capacity and the full dynamic exchange capacity under dynamic сonditions (column test), are determined. The effect of the flow rate of the solution into the column on the kinetics of the sorption of copper ions on AXIONIT BPA is shown. The possibility of desorption of copper with a solution of 3 %, 5 % NH4OH was investigated, and a two-stage scheme of desorption of copper was tested: 5 % and 10 % with a solution of ammonium hydroxide
本文研究了一种以电解精炼银溶液为基础,采用双吡啶胺官能团(Dowex M-4195和AXIONIT BPA)吸附剂从模型硝酸溶液中提取铜离子的吸附方法。在小于10mg /l的溶液中提取铜至残留浓度的可能性。确定了两种样品在批处理条件下的工作容量,以及动态条件下(柱试验)的动态交换容量和全动态交换容量。研究了溶液入柱流速对铜离子吸附动力学的影响。研究了3%、5% NH4OH溶液解吸铜的可能性,并试验了5%和10%氢氧化铵溶液解吸铜的两阶段方案
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引用次数: 2
Determination of Rare Earth Elements in Plant Samples by ICP-MS with Microwave Digestion 微波消解ICP-MS法测定植物样品中的稀土元素
IF 0.4 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.17516/1998-2836-0259
A. Kravchenko, I. Nikolaeva, S. V. Palesskiy
Method of microwave digestion using HNO3, HCl and HF in MARS‑5 system followed by ICP-MS analysis is proposed for determination of rare earth elements (REE) in plant materials. Limits of detection are 0.0001–0.001 ppm and allow for determination of all REE in certified reference materials Tr‑1, LB‑1 and EK‑1 and new reference material NSP‑1, relative standard deviations are lower than 13 %.Influence of HF addition during microwave digestion in UltraWAVE system on the ICP-MS analysis of REE in plant materials depending on silica content is studied. Necessity of HF addition during microwave digestion for better REE recoveries is shown for plant materials with Si contents exceeding 0.1 %
提出了用HNO3、HCl和HF在MARS - 5体系中微波消解,再用ICP-MS分析测定植物材料中稀土元素的方法。检测限为0.0001-0.001 ppm,允许测定认证标准物质Tr‑1、LB‑1、EK‑1和新标准物质NSP‑1中的所有稀土元素,相对标准偏差低于13%。研究了微波消解过程中添加HF对植物材料中稀土元素(REE)随二氧化硅含量变化的影响。对于硅含量超过0.1%的植物材料,在微波消解过程中添加HF是提高稀土元素回收率的必要条件
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引用次数: 0
Prospects and Development of Research of Composite Elastomer Materials 复合弹性体材料研究的展望与发展
IF 0.4 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.17516/1998-2836-0255
Bekhzod Yoqubov, A. Ibadullaev, Dilnora Q. Yoqubova, E. Teshabaeva
The aim of this work is to study the effect of new modified ingredients on the complex of properties of composite elastomeric materials. It was found that the introduction of modified ingredients into the composition of elastomeric compositions enhances interfacial interaction at the «rubber-filler» interface and the formation of additional bonds between rubber macromolecules and functional groups, as a result of which an improvement in the complex of properties of the compositions is observed. The introduction of modified carbon into the composition of elastomeric compositions enhances interfacial interaction at the «rubber-filler» interface and the formation of additional bonds between rubber macromolecules and functional groups of the oligomer, as a result of which an improvement in the complex of properties of the compositions is observed. The technology of purification of mineral fillers from metal oxides has been developed. A sufficiently high degree of purification by this method is due to the fact that in the process of temperature exposure at 950 K, iron ions from the paramagnetic state (d-form Fe2O3) pass into ferromagnetic (r-form Fe3O4). Feasibility and prospects of using modified fillers, both mineral and organic, in the formulations of rubber compounds for the production of various types of rubber products
本文的目的是研究新改性组分对复合弹性体材料性能的影响。研究发现,在弹性体组合物的组成中引入改性成分,增强了“橡胶填料”界面上的界面相互作用,并在橡胶大分子和官能团之间形成了额外的键,结果是组合物的复杂性能得到了改善。将改性碳引入到弹性体组合物的组成中,增强了“橡胶填料”界面上的界面相互作用,并在橡胶大分子和低聚物的官能团之间形成了额外的键,结果是观察到组合物的性能复合物的改善。研究了从金属氧化物中提纯矿物填料的工艺。由于在950 K的温度暴露过程中,顺磁性态(d-型Fe2O3)的铁离子转变为铁磁性(r-型Fe3O4),因此该方法的纯化程度足够高。在生产各类橡胶制品的橡胶化合物配方中使用改性矿物和有机填料的可行性和前景
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引用次数: 17
Catalytic oxidation of Cedar Bark (Pinus Sibirica) with Oxygen to Vanillin and Pulp 雪松皮氧催化氧化制香兰素和木浆的研究
IF 0.4 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.17516/1998-2836-0254
Dmitry O. Vigul, V. Tarabanko, Yulia V. Chelbina, V. Levdansky
The catalytic oxidation of natural and pre-extracted cedar bark (Pinus Sibirica) by molecular oxygen is studied. Tannins were shown to inhibit the formation of vanillin while oxidizing the bark. The yields of vanillin are 5–7 wt.% based on bark lignin, which is of 3–4 times lower compared to the results of wood oxidation. The presence of tannins in the raw material complicates the lignin analysis and can overestimate the results twice
研究了分子氧对天然和预提取雪松皮的催化氧化作用。单宁在氧化树皮的同时抑制香兰素的形成。以树皮木质素为基础,香兰素的产率为5-7 wt.%,比木材氧化的结果低3-4倍。原料中单宁的存在使木质素分析复杂化,并可能使结果高估两次
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引用次数: 0
The Physicochemical Analysis of Bayerite Al(OH)3 → γ-Al2O3 Transformation Bayerite Al(OH)3→γ-Al2O3相变的理化分析
IF 0.4 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.17516/1998-2836-0260
N. V. Filatova, N. Kosenko, Artyom S. Artyushin
It was obtained aluminum hydroxide in the form of bayerite by precipitation with ammonia. The precipitation pH was found by the potentiometric titration. Based on the data of thermal, X‑ray diffraction and IR‑analysis it was identified the sequence of bayerite transitions up to 800 °C. The study of nitrogen adsorption- desorption allowed to determine a specific surface, a volume, and dimensions of pores for boehmite and γ- Al2O3 as 135±2 and 238±10 m2/g; 0.38 and 0.51 cm3/g; 1.7 and 3.8 nm, relatively. The value of effective activation energy for boehmite →γ- Al2O3 transition ((136±5) kJ/mol) was found by means of non- isothermal method (by Avrami equation)
用氨水沉淀法得到以拜耳石形式存在的氢氧化铝。通过电位滴定法确定了沉淀pH值。根据热分析、X射线衍射和红外分析数据,确定了bayerite在800℃以下的相变序列。通过对氮气吸附-解吸的研究,可以确定薄水铝石和γ- Al2O3的比表面积、体积和孔隙尺寸分别为135±2和238±10 m2/g;0.38和0.51 cm3/g;相对来说是1.7和3.8 nm。用非等温法(Avrami方程)求出薄水铝石→γ- Al2O3转变的有效活化能((136±5)kJ/mol)。
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引用次数: 0
Development of Comprehensive Analysis of Pyrolysis Products for Lignocellulose Raw Materials and Sludge Sediments by Chromatographic Methods 木质纤维素原料和污泥沉淀物热解产物色谱综合分析研究进展
IF 0.4 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.17516/1998-2836-0240
M. Shashkov, Yulia S Sotnikova, P. A. Dolgushev, M. Alekseeva
This paper presents a study of the pyrolysis products organic raw materials (bio-oil and sludge sediments of treatment facilities) by chromatographic methods. A feature of the work is to optimize the sample preparation procedure by fractionating the pyrolysis products. Using the method of gel permeation chromatography, molecular weight distribution of pyrolysis products was assessed. Determination of the water content in these objects (by Karl Fischer titration) was used to assess the possibility of their direct analysis by gas chromatography. A sample of sludge pyrolysis and several fractions obtained from a bio-oil sample were analyzed. By the method of two-dimensional gas chromatography, where a selfdeveloped column based on an ionic liquid was used as the first measurement column, the pyrolysate of sludge sediments and the ether fraction of bio-oil were analyzed. The obtained chromatograms and quantitative results are presented
本文采用色谱法对热解产物有机原料(生物油和处理设施的污泥沉淀物)进行了研究。这项工作的一个特点是通过对热解产物进行分馏来优化样品制备过程。采用凝胶渗透色谱法测定热解产物的分子量分布。用卡尔费歇尔滴定法测定这些物体的含水量,以评估气相色谱法直接分析的可能性。对污泥热解样品和从生物油样品中获得的几个馏分进行了分析。采用自行研制的离子液体为第一测量柱的二维气相色谱法,对污泥沉淀物的热解产物和生物油的醚组分进行了分析。给出了得到的色谱图和定量结果
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引用次数: 2
Composition and Structure of Ethanol-Lignins of Coniferous and Deciduous Wood and Products of their Catalytic Telomerization with 1,3-Butadiene 针叶树和落叶木乙醇木质素的组成、结构及其与1,3-丁二烯催化端粒化的产物
IF 0.4 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.17516/1998-2836-0261
M. Lutoshkin, F. Rataboul, L. Djakovitch, Y. Malyar, B. Kuznetsov
The composition and structure of ethanol-lignins of coniferous (abies, pine) and deciduous (aspen, birch) wood and products of their catalytic telomerization with 1,3-butadiene has been studied with use of the methods 31P-NMR, gel-permeation chromatography, scanning electron microscopy and elemental analysis. Data on the nature and content of hydroxyl groups in ethanol-lignins were obtained using phosphorylation of lignins with 2-chloro‑4,4,5,5,-tetramethyl‑1,3,2-dioxaphospholane.The studied lignins differ from each other in the content of aliphatic, phenolic and carboxyl groups. The total content of hydroxyl groups increases in the series of ethanol-lignins: birch < aspen < pine < abies. For the modification of ethanol-lignins, the reaction of catalytic telomerization with 1,3-butadiene was used at 70 °C and 90 °C in the presence of a complex of palladium (II) diacetate with the sodium salt of triphenylphosphine trisulfate. By comparing the number of aliphatic, phenolic and carboxyl OH- groups in the initial and telomerized ethanol-lignins, it was found that only aliphatic and phenolic hydroxyl groups participate in the telomerization reaction. Telomerization of ethanol-lignins with 1,3-butadiene increases their average molecular weight and reduces polydispersity. The morphology of telomerized and initial samples of ethanol-lignins varies significantly
采用31P-NMR、凝胶渗透色谱、扫描电镜和元素分析等方法研究了针叶树(冷杉、松木)和落叶木(白杨、桦木)木材乙醇木质素的组成和结构,以及它们与1,3-丁二烯催化端粒化的产物。用2-氯- 4,4,5,5,-四甲基- 1,3,2-二氧磷烷对木质素进行磷酸化,得到了木质素中羟基的性质和含量。所研究的木质素在脂肪族、酚族和羧基的含量上存在差异。乙醇木质素中羟基的总含量依次为桦木<白杨<松木<冷杉。对乙醇-木质素进行改性,在70℃和90℃条件下,在二乙酸钯(II)与三磺酸三苯基膦钠盐络合物存在下,与1,3-丁二烯催化端粒化反应。通过比较初始和端粒化乙醇木质素中脂肪族、酚族和羧基OH-的数量,发现只有脂肪族和酚族羟基参与端粒化反应。乙醇木质素与1,3-丁二烯的端粒化增加了它们的平均分子量,降低了它们的多分散性。端粒化后的乙醇木质素和初始样品的形态差异很大
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引用次数: 0
Properties of Granular Nitrogen-Containing Fertilizers Based on Pine Sawdust and Studying its Effectiveness in Growing Wheat in the Agricultural Zone of the Krasnoyarsk Territory 克拉斯诺亚尔斯克地区松木木屑颗粒含氮肥料的特性及其在小麦种植中的效果研究
IF 0.4 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.17516/1998-2836-0264
V. Romanov, N. Kozulina, Tatiana A. Snitkova, A. Vasilenko, M. A. Mikhailets, M. Belash, E. V. Veprikova, A. A. Sobolev, O. Taran, A. Lipshin
A method for producing granular fertilizers based on pine sawdust containing ammonium nitrate is proposed. Physico-chemical properties of sawdust and fertilizers containing 20.0 wt.% nitrogen were studied. The effect of pretreatment of pine sawdust with 1 % wt. with a water solution of NaOH on the properties of granular fertilizers was explored. The results of a field trial on the cultivation of wheat varieties «Krasnoyarskaya 12» revealed the growth-stimulating effect of nitrogen-containing granular fertilizers in comparison with an unfertilized background. A more effective influenceon wheat yield of granular fertilizer fabricated from pine sawdust after their treatment with 1 % wt. with a water solution of NaOHThe achieved effect on 1,9 c/ha higher in comparison with thefertilizer based on original sawdust
提出了一种以含硝酸铵松木木屑为原料生产颗粒肥料的方法。研究了含氮量为20.0 wt.%的木屑和肥料的理化性质。研究了松木木屑经1% wt的NaOH水溶液预处理后对颗粒肥料性能的影响。小麦品种“Krasnoyarskaya 12”的田间试验结果表明,与未施肥的背景相比,含氮颗粒肥料具有刺激生长的作用。以松木木屑为原料的颗粒肥,经1% wt的naoh水溶液处理后,对小麦产量的影响更大,比原木屑为原料的颗粒肥提高了1.9 c/ hm2
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Journal of Siberian Federal University. Chemistry
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