The study examines the status of a private docent, the academic position which was introduced across the world in the 18th century and which also existed in Latvia from the second half of the 19th century until the end of World War II. The status of the private docent as it used to be understood in Latvia is compared with other countries, mainly considering German-type universities. Definition of the terms «venia legendi» and «private docent» providing examples of academic activity of the lecturers of Riga Polytechnicum (RP) allow considering these concepts from various perspectives in order to make their meaning and usage in the previous centuries transparent for the users in the 21st century. Conducting the present research, the author has used archival documents and library collections, the theoretical framework includes the findings of not only the Latvian scientists, but also researchers from Russia, Germany and other countries.
{"title":"Some Previously Relevant Aspects of Academic Life: Venia Legendi and the Status of a Private Docent in the World and in Riga Polytechnicum (1862–1896)","authors":"M. Baltiņš","doi":"10.7250/hesihe.2021.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7250/hesihe.2021.002","url":null,"abstract":"The study examines the status of a private docent, the academic position which was introduced across the world in the 18th century and which also existed in Latvia from the second half of the 19th century until the end of World War II. The status of the private docent as it used to be understood in Latvia is compared with other countries, mainly considering German-type universities. Definition of the terms «venia legendi» and «private docent» providing examples of academic activity of the lecturers of Riga Polytechnicum (RP) allow considering these concepts from various perspectives in order to make their meaning and usage in the previous centuries transparent for the users in the 21st century. Conducting the present research, the author has used archival documents and library collections, the theoretical framework includes the findings of not only the Latvian scientists, but also researchers from Russia, Germany and other countries.","PeriodicalId":170401,"journal":{"name":"History of Engineering Sciences and Institutions of Higher Education","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114610985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Riga Polytechnicum (RP) / Riga Polytechnic Institute (RPI) was the only higher education institution in the territory of the present Baltic States where it was possible to obtain higher technical education in the 19th century and early 20th century. Well-known Estonian architects, engineers and industrialists also studied there. Karl Tarvas (1885–1975), a famous Estonian architect, studied at RPI from 1906 to 1915. His creative heritage significantly influenced and shaped the architecture of Tallinn and its suburbs in the 1920s and 1940s. During the Interwar period in the Republic of Estonia, K. Tarvas deliberately chose to improve the living conditions of the less affluent population by designing standard wooden buildings, which we now know as the Tallinn House (Estonian: Tallinna maja). This research provides an insight into the study years of K. Tarvas and critically evaluates his professional activity. K. Tarvas was one of the founders of Riga Estonian Students’ Society (Estonian: Riia Eesti Üliõpilaste Selts; REÜS) established in 1909, which united Estonian students at RPI. He also was among the creators of the Estonian Association of Architects (Estonian: Eesti Arhitektide Ühing) in 1921. His three sons Paul, Peeter and Pärtel also chose the profession of an architect, Peeter Tarvas (1916–1987) was the most prominent of the three.
里加理工学院(RPI)是目前波罗的海国家领土上唯一一所在19世纪和20世纪初有可能获得高等技术教育的高等教育机构。著名的爱沙尼亚建筑师、工程师和实业家也在那里学习。爱沙尼亚著名建筑师卡尔·塔瓦斯(1885-1975)，1906年至1915年就读于爱沙尼亚理工学院。他的创作遗产极大地影响和塑造了20世纪20年代和40年代塔林及其郊区的建筑。在两次世界大战之间的爱沙尼亚共和国，K. Tarvas故意选择通过设计标准的木制建筑来改善不富裕人口的生活条件，我们现在知道的塔林之家(爱沙尼亚语:Tallinna maja)。本研究对K. Tarvas的研究年限进行了深入的了解，并对他的专业活动进行了批判性的评价。K. Tarvas是里加爱沙尼亚学生协会(爱沙尼亚语:Riia Eesti Üliõpilaste Selts;REÜS)成立于1909年，它联合了RPI的爱沙尼亚学生。他也是1921年爱沙尼亚建筑师协会(爱沙尼亚语:Eesti Arhitektide Ühing)的创始人之一。他的三个儿子保罗，彼得和Pärtel也选择了建筑师的职业，彼得·塔瓦斯(1916-1987)是三个人中最杰出的。
{"title":"Contribution of Estonian Architect Karl Tarvas (1885–1975), a Graduate of Riga Polytechnic Institute, to Estonian Housing During the Interwar Period","authors":"Sandra Mälk","doi":"10.7250/hesihe.2021.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7250/hesihe.2021.004","url":null,"abstract":"Riga Polytechnicum (RP) / Riga Polytechnic Institute (RPI) was the only higher education institution in the territory of the present Baltic States where it was possible to obtain higher technical education in the 19th century and early 20th century. Well-known Estonian architects, engineers and industrialists also studied there. Karl Tarvas (1885–1975), a famous Estonian architect, studied at RPI from 1906 to 1915. His creative heritage significantly influenced and shaped the architecture of Tallinn and its suburbs in the 1920s and 1940s. During the Interwar period in the Republic of Estonia, K. Tarvas deliberately chose to improve the living conditions of the less affluent population by designing standard wooden buildings, which we now know as the Tallinn House (Estonian: Tallinna maja). This research provides an insight into the study years of K. Tarvas and critically evaluates his professional activity. K. Tarvas was one of the founders of Riga Estonian Students’ Society (Estonian: Riia Eesti Üliõpilaste Selts; REÜS) established in 1909, which united Estonian students at RPI. He also was among the creators of the Estonian Association of Architects (Estonian: Eesti Arhitektide Ühing) in 1921. His three sons Paul, Peeter and Pärtel also chose the profession of an architect, Peeter Tarvas (1916–1987) was the most prominent of the three.","PeriodicalId":170401,"journal":{"name":"History of Engineering Sciences and Institutions of Higher Education","volume":"844 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133382816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The research reveals facts about the family of engineer Jānis Jagars (1894–1970) and the versatility of his work in the 20th century. He studied at Riga Polytechnic Institute (RPI) and stayed in Russia during World War I. After returning to Latvia in the beginning of 1919, he graduated from the Baltic Technical University (BTU; Baltische Technische Hochschule, also Baltic Higher Technical School), which was established on the basis of RPI. J. Jagars participated in the activities of the Latvian Social Democratic Workers’ Party (LSDWP), which supported his becoming the Head of the Riga City Construction Board. After the coup organized by Kārlis Ulmanis (1877–1942) he was arrested, then – released, after which he headed an engineering office. In June 1940, he joined the government headed by Augusts Kirhenšteins (1872–1963), where he held the position of Minister of Transport. He evacuated to the Soviet Russia during World War II. After the war, J. Jagars was an Assistant Professor at the State University of Latvia (SUL) and worked in various construction design institutes.
{"title":"Professional and Social Activities of Engineer Jānis Jagars (1894–1970)","authors":"Indulis Zvirgzdiņš","doi":"10.7250/hesihe.2021.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7250/hesihe.2021.006","url":null,"abstract":"The research reveals facts about the family of engineer Jānis Jagars (1894–1970) and the versatility of his work in the 20th century. He studied at Riga Polytechnic Institute (RPI) and stayed in Russia during World War I. After returning to Latvia in the beginning of 1919, he graduated from the Baltic Technical University (BTU; Baltische Technische Hochschule, also Baltic Higher Technical School), which was established on the basis of RPI. J. Jagars participated in the activities of the Latvian Social Democratic Workers’ Party (LSDWP), which supported his becoming the Head of the Riga City Construction Board. After the coup organized by Kārlis Ulmanis (1877–1942) he was arrested, then – released, after which he headed an engineering office. In June 1940, he joined the government headed by Augusts Kirhenšteins (1872–1963), where he held the position of Minister of Transport. He evacuated to the Soviet Russia during World War II. After the war, J. Jagars was an Assistant Professor at the State University of Latvia (SUL) and worked in various construction design institutes.","PeriodicalId":170401,"journal":{"name":"History of Engineering Sciences and Institutions of Higher Education","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115949423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article summarizes the career of a graduate of the Faculty of Mechanics (1964) of Riga Polytechnic Institute Arno Līcis. The article reveals and describes his work while being an engineer at the Riga Electromachine Building Factory (RER), at the Latvian Scientific Research Institute of Trauma- tology and Orthopaedics (LSRITO) and in the printing house «Jāņa sēta», as well as being an inventor. It has been discovered that he had promoted orienteering sports and had significant achievements in competitions of various scale, inclu- ding mass competition named «Magnēts» managed by him, which had been taking place since 1969. This is the first research on the life and professional activities of engineer A. Līcis, which is dedicated to his 80th birthday to be ce- lebrated in July 2019. Data from the personal archive of A. Līcis, documents of the Latvian State Historical Archives and the collection of the National Library of Latvia are collected in this article.
文章总结了里加理工学院机械系(1964)毕业生的职业生涯。这篇文章揭示并描述了他在里加电机制造厂(RER)、拉脱维亚创伤学和骨科科学研究所(LSRITO)和印刷厂“Jāņa sēta”担任工程师时的工作，以及作为一名发明家的工作。据发现，他曾推动定向运动，并在各种规模的比赛中取得了重大成就，其中包括由他管理的自1969年以来一直举办的名为“Magnēts”的群众比赛。这是针对2019年7月将迎来他80岁大寿的工程师A. l . cis生平和职业活动的首次研究。本文收集的资料来自A. Līcis的个人档案、拉脱维亚国家历史档案馆的文件和拉脱维亚国家图书馆的藏书。
{"title":"Graduate of Riga Polytechnic Institute, Engineer, Inventor and Athlete Arno Līcis","authors":"Ērika Lanka, Alīda Zigmunde","doi":"10.7250/hesihe.2019.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7250/hesihe.2019.007","url":null,"abstract":"The article summarizes the career of a graduate of the Faculty of Mechanics (1964) of Riga Polytechnic Institute Arno Līcis. The article reveals and describes his work while being an engineer at the Riga Electromachine Building Factory (RER), at the Latvian Scientific Research Institute of Trauma- tology and Orthopaedics (LSRITO) and in the printing house «Jāņa sēta», as well as being an inventor. It has been discovered that he had promoted orienteering sports and had significant achievements in competitions of various scale, inclu- ding mass competition named «Magnēts» managed by him, which had been taking place since 1969. This is the first research on the life and professional activities of engineer A. Līcis, which is dedicated to his 80th birthday to be ce- lebrated in July 2019. Data from the personal archive of A. Līcis, documents of the Latvian State Historical Archives and the collection of the National Library of Latvia are collected in this article.","PeriodicalId":170401,"journal":{"name":"History of Engineering Sciences and Institutions of Higher Education","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114810919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Engineer, entrepreneur and teacher Augusts Baumanis (1883–1966) is one of the graduates of Riga Polytechnic Institute (RPI) who were renown in the 1920s and 1930s. Latvia’s growth without his activities is unthinkable. After graduating from the Department of Chemistry (1913) of RPI, he worked in Russia. In 1919, after returning to Latvia, A. Baumanis became involved in oil production and in export of wooden boards. From 1928 to 1931, he travelled around South Africa with his family and worked in gold mines. After returning to Latvia, he started to work as a teacher. The aim of the article is to reveal the life of engineer A. Baumanis, to introduce readers to the Latvian entrepreneur and to analyse the problems he had to face in business and pedagogy during the interwar period.
{"title":"The Work of The Graduate of Riga Polytechnic Institute Augusts Baumanis (1883–1966) In Engineering Science and Pedagogy","authors":"Alīda Zigmunde","doi":"10.7250/hesihe.2019.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7250/hesihe.2019.005","url":null,"abstract":"Engineer, entrepreneur and teacher Augusts Baumanis (1883–1966) is one of the graduates of Riga Polytechnic Institute (RPI) who were renown in the 1920s and 1930s. Latvia’s growth without his activities is unthinkable. After graduating from the Department of Chemistry (1913) of RPI, he worked in Russia. In 1919, after returning to Latvia, A. Baumanis became involved in oil production and in export of wooden boards. From 1928 to 1931, he travelled around South Africa with his family and worked in gold mines. After returning to Latvia, he started to work as a teacher. The aim of the article is to reveal the life of engineer A. Baumanis, to introduce readers to the Latvian entrepreneur and to analyse the problems he had to face in business and pedagogy during the interwar period.","PeriodicalId":170401,"journal":{"name":"History of Engineering Sciences and Institutions of Higher Education","volume":"44 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131204542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Periodical publications have played an important role in the development of aeronautics, providing a platform for scientific exchange and informing the public about the ongoing progress. This study analyzes periodicals covering the issues related to aeronautics from 1783 to 1945 on a worldwide scale. It assumes that the number and diversification of periodicals dedicated to aeronautics published in a given country depend directly on the level of development of air power in that country. The result shows that periodicals from only four countries dominated, three fourths of all titles published coming from France, Germany, Great Britain and the United States. In 1945, by the end of the period under study, these four countries, together with the Soviet Union and Japan, were also the world’s dominant air powers in terms of both civil and military air activities. The study also analyzes the development of periodicals over time, the diversification of periodicals by major subject areas and the interdependence of information flows between the four major air powers.
{"title":"Aeronautical Periodicals (1783–1945) – A Reflection of Air Power","authors":"Guenther Sollinger","doi":"10.7250/hesihe.2019.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7250/hesihe.2019.008","url":null,"abstract":"Periodical publications have played an important role in the development of aeronautics, providing a platform for scientific exchange and informing the public about the ongoing progress. This study analyzes periodicals covering the issues related to aeronautics from 1783 to 1945 on a worldwide scale. It assumes that the number and diversification of periodicals dedicated to aeronautics published in a given country depend directly on the level of development of air power in that country. The result shows that periodicals from only four countries dominated, three fourths of all titles published coming from France, Germany, Great Britain and the United States. In 1945, by the end of the period under study, these four countries, together with the Soviet Union and Japan, were also the world’s dominant air powers in terms of both civil and military air activities. The study also analyzes the development of periodicals over time, the diversification of periodicals by major subject areas and the interdependence of information flows between the four major air powers.","PeriodicalId":170401,"journal":{"name":"History of Engineering Sciences and Institutions of Higher Education","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121607847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article reflects the contribution of the renowned Latvian architect Daina Danneberga to Latvian architecture, as well as the significant events and growth of her life. While living and working in Soviet times, the architect has designed both residential and public buildings, which are still in use and whose cultural and historical significance has surely increased over the time. The most recognizable object designed by the architect is the Student Campus of Riga Polytechnic Institute (RPI), now Riga Technical University (RTU), on the Ķīpsala Island. It was designed by D. Danneberga from 1969 to 1986. The architect has also developed projects for several other educational institutions as well as public and residential buildings, both in Latvia and abroad.
{"title":"Contribution of Architect Daina Danneberga to the Architecture in the Second Half of the 20th Century","authors":"Ilze Gudro, J. Krastin̦š","doi":"10.7250/hesihe.2019.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7250/hesihe.2019.002","url":null,"abstract":"The article reflects the contribution of the renowned Latvian architect Daina Danneberga to Latvian architecture, as well as the significant events and growth of her life. While living and working in Soviet times, the architect has designed both residential and public buildings, which are still in use and whose cultural and historical significance has surely increased over the time. The most recognizable object designed by the architect is the Student Campus of Riga Polytechnic Institute (RPI), now Riga Technical University (RTU), on the Ķīpsala Island. It was designed by D. Danneberga from 1969 to 1986. The architect has also developed projects for several other educational institutions as well as public and residential buildings, both in Latvia and abroad.","PeriodicalId":170401,"journal":{"name":"History of Engineering Sciences and Institutions of Higher Education","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129625030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article is devoted to engineer, teacher and one of mayors of Lie- pāja City Municipality – Jānis Baumanis – who obtained university education not only at Riga Polytechnic Institute (RPI), but also at the University of Electricity (Ecole supérieure d’electricité) in Paris, France. The biography of J. Baumanis shows that he has been purposeful, feared no challenge and has repeatedly proved himself as entrepreneur establishing and successfully managing companies. These qualities also describe J. Baumanis as the Mayor of Liepāja City Municipality, but the desire to take initiative in implementing various, brave at that time, ideas were interfering, thus he held the position less than a year. After resigning, he left Liepāja city for Riga, where he worked for a company and turned to pedagogical work. The aim of the article is to summarize the life of J. Baumanis and to discover his achievements in various fields of activity.
{"title":"Achievements of Engineer, Entrepreneur and Teacher Jānis Baumanis (1878–1945)","authors":"Lāsma Gaitniece, Alīda Zigmunde","doi":"10.7250/hesihe.2019.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7250/hesihe.2019.004","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to engineer, teacher and one of mayors of Lie- pāja City Municipality – Jānis Baumanis – who obtained university education not only at Riga Polytechnic Institute (RPI), but also at the University of Electricity (Ecole supérieure d’electricité) in Paris, France. The biography of J. Baumanis shows that he has been purposeful, feared no challenge and has repeatedly proved himself as entrepreneur establishing and successfully managing companies. These qualities also describe J. Baumanis as the Mayor of Liepāja City Municipality, but the desire to take initiative in implementing various, brave at that time, ideas were interfering, thus he held the position less than a year. After resigning, he left Liepāja city for Riga, where he worked for a company and turned to pedagogical work. The aim of the article is to summarize the life of J. Baumanis and to discover his achievements in various fields of activity.","PeriodicalId":170401,"journal":{"name":"History of Engineering Sciences and Institutions of Higher Education","volume":"329 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123701544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article is dedicated to Professor Woldemar von Knieriem (1849– 1935), who has made a significant contribution to the development of agricultural science, headed the Department of Agriculture of Riga Polytechnic Institute (1903–1906), as well as Training and Experimental Farm «Peterhof» (1880– 1915) near Olaine city. It became a model farm not only in the Baltic region but also throughout the Russian Empire. Professor W. von Knieriem was the Director of RPI (1906–1916), an outstanding organizer and author of scientific works. He provided students with extensive theoretical and practical knowledge in agriculture, focusing on practical, scientifically approbated lessons about the management of agricultural land and manors and trying to raise the general level of culture and the horizons of young people. Professor W. von Knieriem was Rector of the Baltic Technical University in Riga (1918) and worked in the Herder Institute in Riga (1920–1927). He spent his last years in his family estate in Livonia writing memories of his life and enjoying the company of grandchildren – one of them later became Prime Minister of Sweden Ulof Palme (1927–1986). W. von Knieriem died in January 1935 and was buried in the Great Cemetery in Riga.
这篇文章是献给Woldemar von Knieriem教授(1849 - 1935)，他对农业科学的发展做出了重大贡献，领导里加理工学院的农业部门(1903-1906)，以及奥莱恩市附近的培训和实验农场“Peterhof”(1880 - 1915)。它不仅成为波罗的海地区的模范农场，而且成为整个俄罗斯帝国的模范农场。W. von Knieriem教授是RPI的主任(1906-1916)，一位杰出的组织者和科学著作的作者。他为学生提供了广泛的农业理论和实践知识，重点是关于农业用地和庄园管理的实用、科学认可的课程，并试图提高年轻人的总体文化水平和视野。W. von Knieriem教授曾任里加波罗的海技术大学校长(1918年)，并在里加的Herder研究所工作(1920-1927年)。他在利沃尼亚的家族庄园里度过了他的最后几年，写下了他的生活回忆，享受着孙子们的陪伴——其中一个后来成为瑞典首相的乌洛夫·帕尔梅(1927-1986)。冯·克尼利姆于1935年1月去世，葬在里加的大公墓。
{"title":"Contribution of Woldemar von Knieriem to the Training and Experimental Farm «Peterhof» of Riga Polytechnicum and Riga Polytechnic Institute","authors":"Svetlana Kovaļčuka","doi":"10.7250/hesihe.2019.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7250/hesihe.2019.009","url":null,"abstract":"The article is dedicated to Professor Woldemar von Knieriem (1849– 1935), who has made a significant contribution to the development of agricultural science, headed the Department of Agriculture of Riga Polytechnic Institute (1903–1906), as well as Training and Experimental Farm «Peterhof» (1880– 1915) near Olaine city. It became a model farm not only in the Baltic region but also throughout the Russian Empire. Professor W. von Knieriem was the Director of RPI (1906–1916), an outstanding organizer and author of scientific works. He provided students with extensive theoretical and practical knowledge in agriculture, focusing on practical, scientifically approbated lessons about the management of agricultural land and manors and trying to raise the general level of culture and the horizons of young people. Professor W. von Knieriem was Rector of the Baltic Technical University in Riga (1918) and worked in the Herder Institute in Riga (1920–1927). He spent his last years in his family estate in Livonia writing memories of his life and enjoying the company of grandchildren – one of them later became Prime Minister of Sweden Ulof Palme (1927–1986). W. von Knieriem died in January 1935 and was buried in the Great Cemetery in Riga.","PeriodicalId":170401,"journal":{"name":"History of Engineering Sciences and Institutions of Higher Education","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124646536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article introduces the professional activities of Latvian-born Lithuanian architect and engineer Karolis Reisonas (in Latvian: Kārlis Reisons; 1894–1981) in the second half of his life – from 1930 in Kaunas, Panevėžys and Adelaide cities – and his role in the history of Lithuanian architecture. K. Reisonas was one of the most prominent creators of modern 20th-century interwar Lithuanian architecture and together with other famous Lithuanian architects formed a special style of Kaunas modern architecture in interwar period. K. Reisonas is the author or co-author of representative buildings in Šiauliai, Kaunas and other Lithuanian cities, as well as in Riga and Adelaide cities. Architect and engineer K. Reisonas worked as Šiauliai City Engineer and Head of Municipal Construction Department (1922–1930), Director of Šiauliai Vocational School (1926), Consultant of Lithuanian Chamber of Agriculture (1927–1928), Head of Construction Department of Kaunas Municipality (1930– 1938), Panevėžys City Engineer (1940) and Burgomaster (1941–1944). From 1949, the Reisonas family lived in Adelaide city, Australia. To his projects three monuments of independence were built in Lithuania – Monument of Independence in Šiauliai city, Podium of the Freedom Monument of Kaunas city and Roman Catholic Christ’s Resurrection Church in Kaunas city. Fourteen of buildings in Lithuania (in Kaunas and Šiauliai cities) designed by him are included in the list of cultural values of Lithuania. Early K. Reisonas’ projects are characterized by historism, elements of eclecticism and «brick style», later projects are characterized by austere rationalism, functionalism, adaptation to urban construction and cultural and historical context.
{"title":"Professional Activities (1930–1981) of Latvian-Born Lithuanian Architect and Engineer Karolis Reisonas (1894–1981) in Kaunas, Panevėžys and Adelaide Cities","authors":"S. Saladžinskas, Kristina Vaisvalavičienė","doi":"10.7250/hesihe.2019.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7250/hesihe.2019.003","url":null,"abstract":"The article introduces the professional activities of Latvian-born Lithuanian architect and engineer Karolis Reisonas (in Latvian: Kārlis Reisons; 1894–1981) in the second half of his life – from 1930 in Kaunas, Panevėžys and Adelaide cities – and his role in the history of Lithuanian architecture. K. Reisonas was one of the most prominent creators of modern 20th-century interwar Lithuanian architecture and together with other famous Lithuanian architects formed a special style of Kaunas modern architecture in interwar period. K. Reisonas is the author or co-author of representative buildings in Šiauliai, Kaunas and other Lithuanian cities, as well as in Riga and Adelaide cities. Architect and engineer K. Reisonas worked as Šiauliai City Engineer and Head of Municipal Construction Department (1922–1930), Director of Šiauliai Vocational School (1926), Consultant of Lithuanian Chamber of Agriculture (1927–1928), Head of Construction Department of Kaunas Municipality (1930– 1938), Panevėžys City Engineer (1940) and Burgomaster (1941–1944). From 1949, the Reisonas family lived in Adelaide city, Australia. To his projects three monuments of independence were built in Lithuania – Monument of Independence in Šiauliai city, Podium of the Freedom Monument of Kaunas city and Roman Catholic Christ’s Resurrection Church in Kaunas city. Fourteen of buildings in Lithuania (in Kaunas and Šiauliai cities) designed by him are included in the list of cultural values of Lithuania. Early K. Reisonas’ projects are characterized by historism, elements of eclecticism and «brick style», later projects are characterized by austere rationalism, functionalism, adaptation to urban construction and cultural and historical context.","PeriodicalId":170401,"journal":{"name":"History of Engineering Sciences and Institutions of Higher Education","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114710724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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